This is the generic class for specialized metallurgical processes for producing or recovering metals from metal compounds, ores, or scrap metal and for refining liquid metal and for compositions used in these specialized metallurgical processes, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures.
Included in this class are patents drawn to:
(A) Processes for the production of solid, particulate free metal directly from liquid metal.
(B) Processes for the production or purification of free metal powder or the production or purification of alloys in powder form.
(C) Processes for the production or refining of free metal or alloys that use the electrothermal effects of electricity or electromagnetic wave energy or that use magnetism or electrostatics.
(D) Processes for the production of free metal by smelting, roasting, or furnace methods (a.k.a., pyrometallurgy) or by using a nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions (a.k.a., hydrometallurgy).
(E) Processes for the treatment of liquid metal or melting metal.
(F) Processes for consolidating metalliferous charges or treating agents that are used in other processes of this class by agglomerating, compacting, indurating, or sintering.
(G) Compositions, not elsewhere provided for, disclosed as useful in metallurgical processes (e.g., reactive furnace linings, charges or solid treating compositions for producing free metal or alloys from metalliferous materials, gaseous or liquid compositions used in the production of free metal or alloys or used in the treatment of liquid metal) and processes of manufacturing compositions useful in metallurgical processes.
(H) Consolidated metal powder compositions having a continuous free metal phase, such as those produced by a process of the class of Powder Metallurgy Processes. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, 1., below.
(I) Loose metal particulate mixtures.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSESA. LIST OF CLASSES OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS USED IN METALLURGICAL PROCESSES148, Metal Treatment.149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges.252, Compositions.423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds.507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry.508, Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions.
B. LIST OF CLASSES OF FREE METAL PRODUCTS148, Metal Treatment.420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making.
C. LIST OF PROCESS CLASSES65, Glass Manufacturing.148, Metal Treatment.164, Metal Founding.204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy.209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids.241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration.264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes.266, Metallurgical Apparatus.419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds.502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making.505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process.
D. ORDER OF SUPERIORITY AMONG VARIOUS METAL, ALLOY, AND METAL STOCK AREAS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE INVOLVING THEM.
The order of superiority among various metal, alloy, and metal stock areas and methods of manufacture involving them is as follows:1. Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.2. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 22+, compositions for treatment of solid metal.3. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 300,301, and 303+, gaseous, liquid, or solid treating compositions for liquid metal or charges, and subclass 302, welding rod defined by composition.4. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+, consolidated metal powder compositions and subclasses 255+, loose metal particulate mixtures.5. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, claimed as products.6. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 95-122, 194-287, and 500-714, in class schedule order, providing for certain processes of treating solid or semi-solid metal by modifying or maintaining internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties of metal, processes of reactive coating of metal or processes of chemical-heat removing (e.g., flame-cutting etc.) or burning of metal. However, if metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or working is involved, there is a requirement of significant heat treatment as described in the Class 148 definition, Lines With Other Classes, “Metal Casting, Metal Fusion Bonding, Machining, or Working Classes”.7. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 33+, barrier layer stock material and subclasses 400+, stock.8. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 331+, processes of making solid particulate alloys directly from liquid metal and subclasses 343+, processes of producing or purifying alloys in powder form.9. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 10.1+ and 10.67, processes of making alloys by electrothermic, electromagnetic, or electrostatic processes.10. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, processes of manufacture.11. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 330+, processes of making metal and processes or treating liquid metals and liquid alloys and consolidating metalliferous material.12. Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, processes.13. Class 164, Metal Founding, subclasses 1+, processes.14. Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 44+, processes of operating metallurgical apparatus.15. Class 216, Etching a Substrate: Processes.
This list is not complete and may be added to as the proper relationship of other areas is determined.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES. |
-
300 • COMPOSITIONS
-
301 • Reactive furnace lining
-
302 • Welding rod or electrode defined by composition
-
303 • Solid treating composition for liquid metal (e.g., flux, slagging agent, casting agent, etc.) or charge
-
304 • In wire, container, or article with surface feature
-
305 • For casting or teeming operation
-
306 • For electrothermic operation (e.g., electroslag remelting, etc.)
-
307 • Containing Boron(B) compound
-
308 • Containing Halide
-
309 • Containing Fluoride
-
310 • And consolidated
-
311 • And consolidated
-
312 • Containing Carbide
-
313 • Composition for or from consolidating by agglomerating, calcinating, compacting, indurating, roasting, sintering, or solidifying from molten mass
-
314 • Containing free metal
-
315 • Aluminum(Al) or Magnesium(Mg) as free metal
-
316 • Iron(Fe), Iron scrap, or Iron alloy as free metal
-
317 • And coal, coke, pitch, asphalt, or tar
-
318 • And clay (e.g., bentonite, montmorillonite, etc.), cement, or Alkali metal silicate
-
319 • Containing Iron(Fe) compound
-
320 • And coal, coke, pitch, asphalt, or tar
-
321 • And synthetic polymer, natural polymer, or carbohydrate
-
322 • And clay (e.g., bentonite, montmorillonite, etc.), cement, or Alkali metal silicate
-
323 • And Alkaline earth metal compound or Aluminum(Al) compound
-
324 • Containing Zinc(Zn) compound
-
325 • Containing coal, coke, pitch, asphalt, or tar
-
326 • Containing clay (e.g., bentonite, montmorillonite, etc.), cement, or Alkali metal silicate
-
327 • Containing Alkaline earth metal compound or Aluminum(Al) compound
-
328 • Containing free metal
-
329 • Containing Alkaline earth metal compound or Aluminum(Al) compound
-
228 • Consolidated metal powder compositions
-
229 • Flake or fibrous constituent or fibrous grain structure
-
230 • With nonmetal constituent - Silicon(Si) considered a metal (e.g., cermet, etc.)
-
231 • Molybdenum sulfide or functional constituent (e.g., lubricant, abrasive, etc.)
-
232 • Oxide containing
-
233 • With another nonmetal
-
234 • Oxygen(O) associated with more than one metal
-
235 • Oxide of Aluminum(Al), Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), Alkaline earth metal, Scandium(Sc), Yttrium(Y), Lanthanide metal, Actinide metal, Titanium (Ti), Zirconium(Zr), or Hafnium(Hf)
-
236 • Carbide containing
-
237 • With another nonmetal
-
238 • Nonmetal is Boron(B) or Nitrogen(N)
-
239 • Carbide only of Vanadium(V), Niobium(Nb) or Columbium(Cb), or Tantalum(Ta)
-
240 • Carbide only of Chromium(Cr), Molybdenum(Mo), or Tungsten(W)
-
241 • Carbon(C) associated with more than one metal
-
242 • Free metal is Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co), or Nickel(Ni) only
-
243 • Nonmetal is elemental Carbon(C) only
-
244 • Containing Boron(B) or Nitrogen(N)
-
245 • Base metal one or more Transition metal
-
246 • Base metal one or more of Iron group, Copper(Cu), or Noble metal
-
247 • Base metal one or more of Copper(Cu) or Noble metal
-
248 • Base metal confined to Tungsten(W)
-
249 • Base metal one or more of Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), or Aluminum(Al)
-
250 • Base metal is Beryllium(Be) only
-
255 • Loose particulate mixture (i.e., composition) containing metal particles
-
252 • Mixture contains particles of nonmetal
-
253 • Halogen containing particles
-
254 • Boron(B) containing particles
-
330 • PROCESSES
-
331 • Producing solid particulate free metal directly from liquid metal (e.g., liquid comminuting, etc.)
-
332 • With subsequent coating of the particles
-
333 • Utilizing centrifugal force or rotating forming zone to comminute liquid metal
-
334 • Including directing liquid metal onto rotating disc
-
335 • By vibrating or agitating
-
336 • Utilizing electrothermic energy to comminute
-
337 • By impinging plural liquid streams
-
338 • By impinging or atomizing with gaseous jet or blast
-
339 • Gas used is air
-
340 • By extrusion spraying or gravity fall through orifice
-
341 • Into moving fluid
-
342 • Spheroidizing or rounding of existing solid metal particles
-
343 • Producing or purifying free metal powder or producing or purifying alloys in powder form (i.e., named or of size up to 1,000 microns in its largest dimension)
-
344 • Radioactive
-
345 • Utilizing electrothermic, magnetic, or wave energy
-
346 • Utilizing plasma
-
347 • Utilizing magnetism
-
348 • Producing or purifying named magnetic material
-
349 • Using Phosphorus(P), Boron(B), or Silicon(Si) or compound thereof
-
350 • Using Alkaline earth metal or compound thereof
-
351 • Producing alloy
-
352 • Including comminution
-
353 • Utilizing scrap material
-
354 • Including comminution
-
355 • Directly from liquid mass (e.g., by atomizing, etc.)
-
356 • And shaping or sintering prior to comminution
-
357 • With step at 300 degrees C or greater
-
358 • Use of salt bath
-
359 • Reduction
-
360 • Use of gas
-
361 • Using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions
-
362 • Decomposition of organo-compound containing metal or metal carbonyl
-
363 • At 300 degrees C or greater
-
364 • Combined with step at less than 300 degrees C using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions
-
365 • Step at 300 degrees C or greater after step at less than 300 degrees C using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions
-
366 • Utilizing a fluidized bed
-
367 • Vaporizing or condensing free metal
-
368 • Settling of powder in molten metal or salt bath
-
369 • Purifying powdered metal or reducing powdered metal compound to free metal
-
370 • Using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions
-
371 • And settling of free metal from solution
-
372 • Displacing by another metal (i.e., electromotive series)
-
373 • Copper(Cu) recovered
-
374 • Nickel(Ni) or Cobalt(Co) recovered
-
10.1 • Electrothermic processes (e.g., microwave, induction, resistance, electric arc, plasma, etc.)
-
10.11 • With zone melting or fractional crystallization
-
10.12 • Controlling process through sensed condition
-
10.13 • Electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., microwave, laser, etc.)
-
10.14 • Electrical induction
-
10.15 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.16 • With induced magnetic stirring
-
10.17 • With gaseous treating agent
-
10.18 • Producing or treating Aluminum(Al), Beryllium(Be), Cobalt(Co), Chromium(Cr), Magnesium(Mg), Nickel(Ni), Titanium(Ti), or alloy thereof
-
10.19 • Plasma
-
10.2 • Influenced by magnetic field
-
10.21 • Producing or treating Aluminum(Al) or Aluminum alloy
-
10.22 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.23 • Consumable metal-containing electrode
-
10.24 • Electroslag remelting
-
10.25 • Producing or treating Chromium(Cr), Cobalt(Co), Copper(Cu), Iron(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Nickel(Ni), Titanium(Ti), or alloy thereof
-
10.26 • Producing or treating Titanium(Ti) or Zirconium(Zr) or alloy thereof
-
10.27 • Carbothermic reduction of Aluminum(Al) compound
-
10.28 • With volatilization of metal halide
-
10.29 • Distillation or volatilization of refined metal or compound thereof
-
10.3 • Producing Zinc(Zn)
-
10.31 • From consolidated material (e.g., briquette, pellet, etc.)
-
10.32 • With electric arc
-
10.33 • Producing magnesium(Mg)
-
10.34 • Rotating chamber
-
10.35 • Reducing or smelting slag or dross as starting material
-
10.36 • Exhaust or top gas reused or treated
-
10.37 • With production of electrical energy
-
10.38 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.39 • Adding gaseous treating agent
-
10.4 • Gas contains gaseous Oxygen
-
10.41 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.42 • With charge melting by electrothermal energy
-
10.43 • Hydrogen or Water vapor
-
10.44 • Carbon monoxide or Carbon dioxide
-
10.45 • Noble gas, Nitrogen, or inert gas not otherwise identified
-
10.46 • Adding solid treating agent, slag or flux
-
10.47 • Magnesium(Mg) or compound thereof
-
10.48 • Aluminum(Al) or compound thereof
-
10.49 • Boron(B) or compound thereof
-
10.5 • Silicon(Si) or compound thereof
-
10.51 • Ferrosilicon alloy
-
10.52 • Silicon carbide
-
10.53 • With lime present
-
10.54 • Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal, or compound thereof
-
10.55 • Calcium fluoride (e.g., Fluorspar, Fluorite, etc.)
-
10.56 • Calcium carbide
-
10.57 • Calcium carbonate (e.g., limestone, etc.)
-
10.58 • Calcium oxide (e.g., lime, calx, etc.)
-
10.59 • Carbon(C) containing material (e.g., Carbon, carbonaceous material, Carbide, etc.)
-
10.6 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.61 • With electric arc
-
10.62 • Reducing or smelting
-
10.63 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.64 • Vacuum purifying or degassing
-
10.65 • Melting or holding melt
-
10.66 • Producing or treating Iron(Fe) or Iron alloy
-
10.67 • Magnetic (e.g., electromagnetic, etc.) or electrostatic processes
-
375 • Process control responsive to sensed condition
-
376 • Removing material from process to sense condition
-
377 • Material removed is molten metal
-
378 • Pressure sensed
-
379 • Of feed gas
-
380 • Temperature sensed
-
381 • Of waste gas
-
382 • Of molten metal
-
383 • Of sintered material
-
384 • Composition sensed
-
385 • Of waste gas
-
386 • Characteristic of treated material sensed (e.g., density, etc.)
-
387 • Flow rate sensed
-
388 • Preparing for amalgamation, preparing and amalgamating, or breaking amalgam to produce free metal
-
389 • And displacing with a metal other than Mercury(Hg)
-
390 • Utilizing a Halogen containing agent
-
391 • Utilizing a Nitrogen(N) containing agent
-
392 • Producing or treating free metal
-
393 • Utilizing Radioactive material, producing or treating Radioactive metal
-
394 • Thorium(Th)
-
395 • Reduction
-
396 • Plutonium(Pu)
-
397 • Reduction
-
398 • Uranium(U)
-
399 • Reduction
-
400 • Free metal production from sea nodules
-
401 • Treating multicomponent metal-containing scrap having an integral substrate to separate metal therefrom by temperature modification or chemical process at least one metal remains solid during separation
-
402 • Utilizing molten salt bath
-
403 • Removing nonmetal from metal
-
404 • Separating liquid metal by centrifuging
-
405 • Removing gas from liquid metal by use of gas permeable membrane
-
406 • Adsorbing impurity from vaporous or liquid metal
-
407 • Filtering vaporous or liquid metal
-
408 • Alkali metal, singly or in combination
-
409 • Magnesium(Mg)
-
410 • Noble metal, singly or in combination
-
411 • Copper(Cu)
-
412 • Aluminum(Al)
-
413 • From metal carbonyl or Carbon monoxide complex
-
414 • At 300 degrees C or greater (e.g., pyrometallurgy, etc.)
-
415 • Foam
-
416 • Combined with step at less than 300 degrees C using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions (e.g., hydrometallurgy, etc.)
-
417 • Obtaining metal from photographic waste
-
418 • Obtaining metal from electrolytic slime
-
419 • Step at less than 300 degrees C using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions after a step at 300 degrees C or greater
-
420 • Step at less than 300 degrees C using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions is reduction to free metal
-
421 • Noble metal
-
422 • Silver(Ag)
-
423 • Gold(Au)
-
424 • Copper(Cu)
-
425 • Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co), or Nickel(Ni)
-
426 • Noble metal obtained
-
427 • Silver(Ag)
-
428 • Gold(Au)
-
429 • Copper(Cu) obtained
-
430 • Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co), or Nickel(Ni) obtained
-
431 • Zinc(Zn), Cadmium(Cd), or Mercury(Hg) obtained
-
432 • Tin(Sn) or Lead(Pb) obtained
-
433 • Iron(Fe)
-
434 • With concurrent production of hydraulic cement
-
435 • With concurrent production of Titanium dioxide
-
436 • With consolidation (e.g., pelletizing, etc.) of solid metallic Iron(Fe) product after reduction
-
437 • Reducing Iron(Fe) halide
-
438 • Making wrought Iron(Fe)
-
439 • Pouring molten Iron(Fe) into molten slag (i.e., Aston process)
-
440 • Utilizing moving hearth
-
441 • Directly from Iron(Fe) compound only (no metallic Iron)
-
442 • In moving furnace
-
443 • Reducing in gaseous suspension
-
444 • Fluidized bed
-
445 • With melting of Iron(Fe)
-
446 • Outside the fluidized bed
-
447 • With solid in fluidized bed in addition to reducible Iron(Fe) compound
-
448 • Carbon(C)
-
449 • 9 Generated in situ
-
450 • Using plural fluidized bed furnaces
-
451 • Using plural fluidized bed zones within a furnace
-
452 • Solid product produced (without melting)
-
453 • Cyclone apparatus used
-
454 • Using same inlet to feed solid and gas
-
455 • Inlet is a burner
-
456 • Burner is horizontal
-
457 • Inlet feeds upwardly
-
458 • Blast furnace reduction to produce molten Iron(Fe)
-
459 • Using additive to the blast
-
460 • Carbonaceous
-
461 • Slurry of solid in liquid
-
462 • Liquid
-
463 • Gaseous
-
464 • 9 Recycled off gas
-
465 • Water
-
466 • Oxygen enrichment
-
467 • Tapping molten product
-
468 • Top gas recovery
-
469 • Specified method of charging burden
-
470 • Defined composition of slag
-
471 • Defined composition of reductant
-
472 • Defined composition of Iron(Fe) source
-
473 • Reduction in closed retort (e.g., Hoganas process, etc.)
-
474 • Reduction in rotary kiln
-
475 • With melting of Iron(Fe) product
-
476 • Iron(Fe) product melted within rotary kiln
-
477 • Introducing solid reductant into rotary kiln
-
478 • Solid reductant is recycled
-
479 • Any part of the charge is consolidated by agglomerating, compacting, indurating, or sintering (e.g., pelletized ore, flux, or reductant, etc.)
-
480 • Reducible Iron(Fe) compound and solid reductant fed through same end of rotary kiln
-
481 • Mixed prior to charging
-
482 • With generation of gaseous reductant outside rotary kiln
-
483 • Superposed multiple hearth reduction
-
484 • Moving furnace or hearth (e.g., moving belt, etc.)
-
485 • Reduction in molten state
-
486 • Heating reduction zone by heat conducted through walls of zone
-
487 • Shaft furnace
-
488 • Reduction to metallic Iron(Fe) within shaft furnace
-
489 • Externally supplied gas reductant
-
490 • Solid Iron(Fe) produced within shaft furnace
-
491 • With melting Iron(Fe) product outside shaft furnace
-
492 • 9 With gasification of solid carbonaceous material in melt (e.g., coal, etc.)
-
493 • Using solid Carbon(C) to generate gas in separate furnace (e.g., Wiberg process, etc.)
-
494 • 9 Solid Carbon(C) is coal
-
495 • Direct addition of gas containing gaseous Oxygen or water to shaft furnace (e.g., continuous HyL process, etc.)
-
496 • With reformation of reducing gas in separate furnace (e.g., Midrex process, etc.)
-
497 • 9 With plural reformers (e.g., Purofer process, etc.)
-
498 • 9 With addition of steam to reformer (e.g., Armco process, etc.)
-
499 • Molten Iron(Fe) produced in shaft furnace
-
500 • Reduction in molten state
-
501 • Gas injection below surface of melt
-
502 • Gas injection over surface of melt (e.g., as in reverberatory furnace, etc.)
-
503 • Reduction in presence of solid Carbon(C) containing material (e.g., coke, coal, carbides, etc.)
-
504 • Including consolidation of solid Carbon(C) containing material with reducible Iron(Fe) compound
-
505 • Reduction with externally applied gas (e.g., batch HyL process, etc.)
-
506 • Reduction in the presence of liquid carbonaceous reductant (e.g., petroleum, pitch, etc.)
-
507 • Melting Iron(Fe) or treating molten Iron
-
508 • Vacuum treatment of molten Iron(Fe)
-
509 • Free falling stream or spray of molten Iron(Fe)
-
510 • Vacuum lift
-
511 • With addition of gas
-
512 • With addition of gas
-
513 • In reverberatory furnace (e.g., open-hearth, Siemens-Martin, puddling, etc.)
-
514 • With treating of molten Iron(Fe) with gas outside reverberatory furnace (e.g., in Bessemer converter, etc.)
-
515 • With melting Iron(Fe) in shaft furnace
-
516 • Using gaseous Oxygen in a higher concentration than in ambient air
-
517 • With addition of solid elemental Carbon(C) or employing elemental Carbon furnace lining
-
518 • With compound containing Alkali metal and Oxygen (e.g., Sodium nitrate, Sodium carbonate, etc.)
-
519 • With Halogen or Halogen containing compound (e.g., Sodium chloride, Fluorspar, etc.)
-
520 • With Alkaline earth metal or Magnesium(Mg) containing compound
-
521 • With Transition metal compound
-
522 • Iron oxide
-
523 • Melting solid Iron(Fe)
-
524 • Sequential treatment of molten Iron(Fe) in plural apparatus with different linings (e.g., acid Bessemer followed by basic Bessemer, etc.)
-
525 • Impinging free falling molten metal stream or spray with a gas or solid agent or spraying (e.g., atomizing, etc.) of molten metal
-
526 • Adding solid treating agent in form of wire, rod, or article with surface feature or in container or by plunging means
-
527 • In rotary kiln (e.g., Kaldo process, etc.)
-
528 • Injecting gas or nonmetalliferous liquid which gasifies into, onto, or through premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon
-
529 • With hydrocarbon liquid or gas present
-
530 • And hydrocarbon in surrounding relationship to gaseous Oxygen (e.g., hydrocarbon in outer concentric tube, etc.)
-
531 • And adding solid agent, slag, or flux to premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon
-
532 • Loose elemental Carbon(C), coal, or coke (e.g., carburizing, etc.)
-
533 • With solid entrained in gas or injected by gas pressure
-
534 • 9 Boron(B) or compound thereof used in process
-
535 • 9 Metal halide used in process
-
536 • 9 Carbide used in process
-
537 • 9 Elemental metal or elemental Silicon(Si) used in process
-
538 • 9 Iron(Fe) containing compound used in process
-
539 • 9 Alkali metal compound or Alkaline earth metal compound used in process
-
540 • Gas contains gaseous Oxygen
-
541 • 9 Metal halide
-
542 • 9 Carbide
-
543 • 9 Elemental metal or elemental Silicon(Si)
-
544 • 9 Iron(Fe) containing compound
-
545 • 9 Alkali metal compound or Alkaline earth metal compound
-
546 • Noble gas or inert gas not otherwise identified
-
547 • Gas compound containing Oxygen (e.g., Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Water, etc.)
-
548 • Gas contains gaseous Oxygen
-
549 • With treatment of exhaust gas
-
550 • 9 And adding gaseous Oxygen or inert gas to exhaust gas
-
551 • Injecting from above and below melt surface
-
552 • 9 Including other gas from below
-
553 • Injecting only from above melt surface
-
554 • 9 Including other gas from above
-
555 • 9 Including other gas from below
-
556 • Injecting only from below melt surface
-
557 • 9 Including other gas from below
-
558 • Noble gas or inert gas not otherwise identified
-
559 • Gas compound containing Oxygen (e.g., Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Water, etc.)
-
560 • Treating premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon by adding solid agent, slag, or flux
-
561 • Loose elemental Carbon(C), coal, or coke (e.g., carburizing, etc.)
-
562 • Sulfur(S) or compound thereof
-
563 • Nitrate, Chlorate, Permanganate, or Peroxide
-
564 • Boron(B) or compound thereof
-
565 • Metal halide
-
566 • Carbide
-
567 • Elemental metal or elemental Silicon(Si)
-
568 • Aluminum(Al) or Magnesium(Mg)
-
569 • Iron(Fe) containing compound
-
570 • Alkali metal compound or Alkaline earth metal compound
-
571 • Melting solid Iron(Fe)
-
572 • Melting packaged Iron(Fe) or Iron of specified structure to facilitate melting (e.g., shaped bale of scrap, etc.)
-
573 • In shaft furnace (e.g., cupola, etc.)
-
574 • Without the use of solid, carbonaceous material (e.g., without coke, etc.)
-
575 • Using Oxygen in a higher concentration than ambient air
-
576 • Using both a solid carbonaceous fuel (e.g., coke, etc.) and a fluid (e.g, natural gas, etc.)
-
577 • Defined composition of solid fuel other than nominal "coke"
-
578 • With Calcium carbide
-
579 • With Alkali metal compound
-
580 • In closed vessel with heat conducted through walls only (e.g., crucible melting, etc.)
-
581 • Melting scrap
-
582 • Separating slag from molten Iron(Fe)
-
583 • Stirring or agitating molten Iron(Fe)
-
584 • Pouring or tapping molten Iron(Fe)
-
585 • Nonferrous
-
586 • Concurrent production of Nonferrous metal and other desired nonmetallic product (e.g., cement, etc.)
-
587 • Countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction of molten Nonferrous metal
-
588 • Fractionation of molten Nonferrous metal (e.g., with reflux, etc.)
-
589 • Alkali metal, singly or in combination
-
590 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
591 • Cesium(Cs)
-
592 • Precipitating impurities from molten Alkali metal
-
593 • Beryllium(Be)
-
594 • Magnesium(Mg)
-
595 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
596 • Reduction
-
597 • Using metal or metal compound reductant
-
598 • 9 And Carbon(C)
-
599 • Using Carbon(C)
-
600 • Treating molten Magnesium(Mg)
-
601 • Precipitating impurities from molten Magnesium(Mg)
-
602 • Adding gas
-
603 • And solid
-
604 • Adding solid
-
605 • Alkaline earth metal, singly or in combination
-
606 • Reducing halide
-
607 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
608 • Reduction
-
609 • Treating molten Alkaline earth metal
-
610 • Rare earth metal, singly or in combination
-
611 • Refractory metal, singly or in combination
-
612 • Titanium(Ti), Zirconium(Zr), or Hafnium(Hf), singly or in combination
-
613 • Reduction
-
614 • Using free metal or alloy reductant
-
615 • 9 Of Titanium(Ti), Zirconium(Zr), or Hafnium(Hf), compound containing Halogen
-
616 • 0Of binary halide - MX(4)
-
617 • 0Of chloride - MC1(4)
-
618 • 0Free metal or alloy reductant contains Magnesium(Mg)
-
619 • 0Metal produced is Titanium(Ti)
-
620 • Of Titanium(Ti), Zirconium(Zr), or Hafnium(Hf) compound containing Halogen
-
621 • Treating molten Titanium(Ti), Zirconium(Zr), or Hafnium(Hf)
-
622 • Vanadium(V), Niobium(Nb) or Columbium(Cb), or Tantalum(Ta), singly or in combination
-
623 • Chromium(Cr), Molybdenum(Mo), or Tungsten(W), singly or in combination
-
624 • Manganese(Mn)
-
625 • Reduction
-
626 • Cobalt(Co)
-
627 • Reduction
-
628 • Nickel(Ni)
-
629 • Reduction
-
630 • Segregation process
-
631 • Noble metal, singly or in combination
-
632 • Palladium(Pd)
-
633 • Platinum(Pt)
-
634 • Silver(Ag)
-
635 • Recovering Silver(Ag) from photographic material
-
636 • Reduction
-
637 • Gold(Au)
-
638 • Copper(Cu)
-
639 • Treating material in gaseous suspension
-
640 • Treating slag or dross
-
641 • Reduction
-
642 • Segregation process
-
643 • Treating matte or sulfide
-
644 • Treating waste gas
-
645 • With prior production of matte or sulfide
-
646 • Treating molten Copper(Cu)
-
647 • By vacuum
-
648 • Adding gas
-
649 • Containing gaseous Oxygen
-
650 • 9 And adding solid
-
651 • And solid
-
652 • Adding solid
-
653 • Melting Copper(Cu) in shaft furnace
-
654 • Zinc(Zn)
-
655 • Treating slag or dross
-
656 • Reduction
-
657 • Using Halogen containing material
-
658 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
659 • Treating material in gaseous suspension
-
660 • Treating material in blast furnace or cupola
-
661 • Treating material in vertical retort
-
662 • Treating material in rotary kiln
-
663 • Treating molten or vaporous Zinc(Zn)
-
664 • Using Halogen containing material
-
665 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
666 • Condensing with Lead(Pb) coolant
-
667 • Condensing with use of molten metal slinger
-
668 • Cadmium(Cd)
-
669 • Vaporizing or condensing
-
670 • Mercury(Hg)
-
671 • Aluminum(Al)
-
672 • Treating slag or dross
-
673 • Reduction
-
674 • Carbothermic
-
675 • Decomposition of organo-compound containing Aluminum(Al)
-
676 • Of Aluminum(Al) halide
-
677 • Of subhalide
-
678 • Treating molten Aluminum(Al)
-
679 • Fractional crystallization
-
680 • Adding gas
-
681 • Containing Halogen atom
-
682 • 9 And adding solid
-
683 • And solid
-
684 • Adding solid
-
685 • Containing Halogen
-
686 • Melting Aluminum(Al)
-
687 • Scrap
-
688 • Gallium(Ga) or Indium(In)
-
689 • Germanium(Ge)
-
690 • Tin(Sn)
-
691 • Reduction
-
692 • Of Halogen containing material
-
693 • Lead(Pb)
-
694 • Treating material in gaseous suspension or gaseous state
-
695 • Reduction
-
696 • Of Lead-Sulfur compound
-
697 • Treating molten Lead(Pb)
-
698 • By vacuum
-
699 • Adding gas
-
700 • Containing Halogen atom
-
701 • Adding solid
-
702 • Containing free metal
-
703 • Antimony(Sb)
-
704 • Reduction
-
705 • Bismuth(Bi)
-
706 • Arsenic(As)
-
707 • Reducing or smelting unnamed ore
-
708 • Stirring or agitating of molten material
-
709 • Covering the surface of molten metal
-
710 • Below 300 degrees C
-
711 • Using nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions (e.g., hydrometallurgy, etc.)
-
712 • Involving mining or in situ operation
-
713 • From photography material
-
714 • From electrolytic or cementation slime
-
715 • Removing coating to recover free metal from substrate or coating
-
716 • From Tin(Sn) scrap or Tin plate
-
717 • Reducing to free metal with gas
-
718 • Copper (Cu) recovered as free metal
-
719 • Using Sulfur dioxide
-
720 • Noble metal recovered as free metal
-
721 • Utilizing organic reducing agent
-
722 • Involving organic compound containing metal or organic agent for agglomerating metal
-
723 • Natural or synthetic polymer
-
724 • Displacing by another metal (i.e., electromotive series)
-
725 • Lead(Pb) or Zinc(Zn) recovered as free metal
-
726 • Copper(Cu) recovered as free metal
-
727 • And flotation
-
728 • And injecting or pressurizing with air or Oxygen
-
729 • From Cyanide solution
-
730 • With agitating or abrading
-
731 • Utilizing leaching agent containing Sulfur(S)
-
732 • Noble metal recovered as free metal
-
733 • Silver(Ag) recovered as free metal
-
734 • And injecting or pressurizing with air or Oxygen
-
735 • From Cyanide solution
-
736 • Gold(Au) recovered as free metal
-
737 • From Cyanide solution
-
738 • Nickel(Ni) or Cobalt(Co) recovered as free metal
-
739 • Utilizing chemical agent to precipitate free metal
-
740 • Copper(Cu) recovered as free metal
-
741 • Noble metal recovered as free metal
-
742 • Cleaning, leaching, or dissolving of Mercury(Hg)
-
743 • With leaching or dissolving
-
744 • Noble metal recovered as free metal
-
745 • Alkali metal, singly or in combination
-
746 • Consolidating metalliferous material (e.g., ore, tailings, flue dust, fluxes, etc.) by agglomerating, compacting, or heat treating; preparatory process therefor; or treating consolidated material therefrom
-
747 • Noble metal containing metalliferous material
-
748 • With vaporization of impurity as metal halide
-
749 • With physical separation or classification of solids
-
750 • By sifting
-
751 • With heat treatment (e.g., calcinating, fusing, indurating, roasting, sintering, vaporizing, etc.)
-
752 • Vaporizing metalliferous impurity
-
753 • With leaching, dissolving, or washing
-
754 • By suspension (e.g., fluid bed, cyclone, etc.)
-
755 • On moving grate, moving pallet, or endless belt
-
756 • Using multi-layers
-
757 • With gas recycling or reusing
-
758 • Sintering
-
759 • Of consolidated starting material
-
760 • In shaft furnace or multi-hearth furnace
-
761 • Sintering
-
762 • In rotary kiln
-
763 • Sintering
-
764 • Coking of binder or additive
-
765 • Sintering or with agglomerating or compacting
-
766 • With coal, coke, pitch, asphalt, or tar
-
767 • With synthetic polymer, natural polymer, or carbohydrate
-
768 • With Alkaline earth metal compound, clay, or hydrosetting agent
-
769 • Sintering
-
770 • Agglomerating or compacting
-
771 • With coal, coke, pitch, asphalt, or tar
-
772 • With synthetic polymer, natural polymer, or carbohydrate
-
773 • With Alkaline earth metal compound, clay, or hydrosetting agent
-
950 • CONSOLIDATED METAL POWDER COMPOSITIONS OF >95% THEORETICAL DENSITY (E.G., WROUGHT, ETC.)
-
|