This class contains and is limited to:1. Machines or structures adapted to be completely or partially sustained by the air (e.g., winged aircraft, helicopters, parachutes, kites, balloons, etc.),2. Machines or structures adapted to be propelled and guided or stabilized through the air (e.g., projectiles with fins, guided missiles, etc.),3. Machines or structures adapted to be placed in an orbit or which substantially operate outside the earth's atmosphere (e.g., satellites, space vehicles, etc.),4. Subcombinations of the machines or structures of 1-3, above, not classified elsewhere (guidance and control, aircraft structures, etc.),5. Devices ancillary to the use of the machines or structures of 1-3 above, not classified elsewhere (e.g., mooring devices, etc.), and6. Processes or methods peculiarly related to 1-5 above and not provided for elsewhere.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSESThis class excludes toy or model aeronautical devices unless the invention is such that it also applies logically to full sized devices for actual use in carrying persons or cargo. For toy or model airplanes, etc., see Class 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 56.
This class excludes motor vehicles for travel on land or water, and which vehicles are supported above said land or water by a relatively thin cushion of air between the vehicle and the land or water, such cushion of air being generated by the motor vehicle (e.g., ground effect machines). For a motor vehicle of the surface effect type, see Class 180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 116+.
This class provides, in subclasses 76+, the generic subclass for the automatic steering of mobile craft in two or three dimensions. See subclasses 175+ where the control apparatus includes electrical devices or apparatus. See the search notes to these subclasses for the other subclasses which provide for motion and/or steering control and a statement as to the line between the classes.
Arrangements of aircraft to permit their handling by hoists are found in this class, subclass 1. For similar arrangements on other articles, see Class 220, Receptacles, subclass 1.5+ and Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 74, and indented subclasses.
Gas cells or balloon envelope distinguished only by the coating on, or by the structure of the fabric or textile are placed in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses; see especially subclasses 175+, 190, 193, and 196+ for a single or plural layer sheet or web embodying mechanically interengaged strands (e.g., weave or knit), and subclasses 411.1+ for a composite, web or sheet characterized only by the composition of the layers. |
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1R • MISCELLANEOUS
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1N • Noise abatement
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1A • Lightning arresters and static eliminators
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1TD • Trailing devices
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2 • COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT
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3 • Trains
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3.1 • MISSILE STABILIZATION OR TRAJECTORY CONTROL
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3.11 • Remote control
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3.12 • Trailing wire
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3.13 • Beam rider
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3.14 • Radio wave
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3.15 • Automatic guidance
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3.16 • Optical (includes infrared)
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3.17 • Optical correlation
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3.18 • Celestial navigation
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3.19 • Radio wave
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3.2 • Inertial
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3.21 • Attitude control mechanisms
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3.22 • Fluid reaction type
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3.23 • Stabilized by rotation
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3.24 • Externally mounted stabilizing appendage (e.g., fin)
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3.25 • Removable
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3.26 • Sliding
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3.27 • Collapsible
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3.28 • Longitudinally rotating
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3.29 • Radially rotating
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3.3 • Extending beyond rear of missile
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158.1 • SPACECRAFT
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158.2 • Tethered
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158.3 • Inflated
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158.4 • Spacecraft formation, orbit, or interplanetary path
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158.5 • Orbit insertion
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158.6 • Orbital control
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158.7 • Aerobraking
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158.8 • Automatic
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158.9 • Reusable or returnable
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159.1 • With reentry shield
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159.2 • Inflatable
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159.3 • Having aerodynamic lifting body (e.g., Space Shuttle)
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159.4 • Modular and assembled in space
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159.5 • Foldable
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159.6 • Including use of launch vehicle part
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164 • Attitude control
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165 • By gyroscope or flywheel
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166 • By magnetic effect
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167 • By gravity gradient
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168 • By solar pressure
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169 • By jet motor
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170 • By nutation damper
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171 • With attitude sensor means
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171.1 • With propulsion
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171.2 • Steerable mount
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171.3 • Launch from surface to orbit
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171.4 • Horizontal launch
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171.5 • Without mass expulsion
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171.6 • Having launch pad cooperating structure
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171.7 • With shield or other protective means (e.g., meteorite shield, insulation, radiation/plasma shield)
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171.8 • Active thermal control
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171.9 • With special crew accommodations
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172.1 • Emergency rescue means (e.g., escape pod)
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172.2 • With fuel system details
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172.3 • Fuel tank arrangement
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172.4 • Rendezvous or docking
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172.5 • Including satellite servicing
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172.6 • With deployable appendage
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172.7 • With solar panel
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172.8 • Having solar concentrator
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172.9 • Having launch hold down means
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173.1 • With payload accommodation
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173.2 • Including vibration control
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173.3 • And payload deployment
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4R • AIRCRAFT, HEAVIER-THAN-AIR
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5 • Airplanes, weight diminished by bouyant gas
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6 • Airplane and helicopter sustained
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7R • Convertible
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7A • Rotary wing
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7B • Tail sitters
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7C • Tilting wing
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8 • Airplane and auto-rotating wing sustained
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9 • Airplane and paddle wheel sustained
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10 • Airplane and cylindrical rotor sustained
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11 • Airplane and beating wing sustained
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12.1 • Airplane and fluid sustained
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12.2 • Circular
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12.3 • Dual propulsion
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12.4 • Thrust tilting
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12.5 • With thrust diverting
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12.6 • Channel wing
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13 • Airplane sustained
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14 • Aerial torpedoes
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15 • Fluid propelled
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16 • Glider
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17.11 • Helicopter or auto-rotating wing sustained, i.e., gyroplanes
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17.13 • Automatic or condition responsive control
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17.15 • With safety lowering device
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17.17 • With landing, mooring, or nonaerial propelling or steering gear
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17.19 • With auxiliary propulsion, counter-troque or steering device
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17.21 • Auxiliary rotor
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17.23 • Having plural lifting rotors
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17.25 • Lifting rotor having lift direction varying means
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17.27 • Lifting rotor supports, e.g., pylons
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19 • Paddle wheel sustained
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20 • Feathering
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21 • Cylindrical rotor sustained
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22 • Beating wing sustained
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23R • Fluid sustained
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23A • Lifting thrusters
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23B • Dual propulsion means, horizontal and vertical
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23C • Circular configuration
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23D • Thrust diverters
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4A • Body attached
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24 • AIRCRAFT, LIGHTER-THAN-AIR
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25 • Airships with sustaining wings
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26 • Airship and helicopter sustained
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27 • Airship and paddle wheel sustained
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28 • Airship and beating wing sustained
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29 • Airship and fluid sustained
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30 • Airships
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31 • Balloons
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32 • With parachutes
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33 • Captive
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34R • AIRCRAFT SUSTENTATION
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35R • Sustaining airfoils
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36 • Lifting fuselages
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37 • Lifting struts
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38 • Resiliently mounted
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39 • Rotatable
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198 • With lift modification
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199.1 • By vortex control outside of boundary layer
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199.2 • Of tip vortex
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199.3 • Active
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199.4 • Wing tip foils/fences
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200.1 • Vortex generation in boundary layer
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201 • Variable
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202 • With landing gear
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203 • Condition responsive
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204 • By controlling boundary layer
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204.1 • Actively controlled vortex generator
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205 • With ionic or electrostatic surface
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206 • With rotating member
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207 • With blowing
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208 • And suction
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209 • With suction
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210 • With nose slot
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211 • Having trailing edge flap
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212 • Having trailing edge flap
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213 • By flap and/or spoiler
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214 • At leading edge
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215 • At trailing edge
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216 • Variable gap type, e.g., "Fowler Flap"
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217 • Plural, relatively pivotable
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218 • Area
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219 • Camber
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45R • Arrangement
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46 • Variable
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47 • Dihedral
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48 • Incidence
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49 • Folding
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45A • Canard
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35A • Compressible flow
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34A • Annular airfoils
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50 • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND STEERING ON LAND OR WATER
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51 • AIRCRAFT, STEERING PROPULSION
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52 • Fluid
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53R • AIRCRAFT POWER PLANTS
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54 • Mounting
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55 • Arrangement
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56 • Tilting
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57 • Radiator arrangement
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58 • Auxiliary
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59 • High altitude
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60 • Transmission of power
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61 • Power plant using airship gas as fuel
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53A • Starters
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53B • Air intakes
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62 • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION
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63 • Launching
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64 • Manual
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65 • Screw
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66 • Tilting
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67 • Body encircling
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68 • Elongated
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69 • Contra-propeller arrangements
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70 • Paddle wheel
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71 • Reciprocating propeller
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72 • Beating wing
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73R • Fluid
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74 • Explosive jet
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73B • Vacuum induced by radial flow
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73C • Radial outward and downward flow
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75.1 • AIRCRAFT CONTROL
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76R • Automatic
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174 • Flutter control
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175 • Electric course control
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177 • Multiple-axis altitude stabilization
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178 • Trim control
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179 • By change in bank
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180 • By change in altitude
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181 • By change in pitch, angle of attack or flight path
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182 • By change in speed
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183 • Of aircraft on its landing course
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184 • By steering or yaw
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185 • And vertical glide path control
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186 • Vertical glide path control
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187 • With "flare-out" detection
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188 • Slope control by throttle
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189 • By remote radio signal
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190 • Of pilotless aircraft
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191 • Acceleration control
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192 • With "dead-zone" control
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193 • With "softener" circuit
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194 • Monitoring circuit or response
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195 • Self-adaptive control
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196 • Override of automatic control by human pilot
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197 • By engaging manual control system
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78.1 • Fluid
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78.2 • Fluid amplifiers
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79 • Gyroscope actuated
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80 • Gravity actuated
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81 • Operated by landing
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82 • Vane operated
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76A • Motor torque control of flaps or tabs
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76B • Velocity operated devices
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76C • Gust compensators
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76J • Steerable jets
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220 • Pilot operated
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221 • Control system
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222 • Other than hand or foot actuated
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223 • With feel
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224 • With locking means
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225 • With dual purpose surface structure (e.g., elevons)
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226 • Fluid
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227 • With electric control
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228 • Electric
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229 • Dual
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230 • With variable output
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231 • With interengaging gearing
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232 • With cable and linkage
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233 • Cable
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234 • Controller
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235 • Rudder bar and pedal
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236 • Electrical pickup
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237 • Three-way steering, single control
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87 • Rudders and empennage
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88 • Rudders universally mounted
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89 • Elevators both front and rear
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90R • Ailerons and other roll control devices
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90A • Roll control spoilers
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90B • Balanced air pressure
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91 • Vertical fins
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92 • Stabilizing propellers
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93 • Stabilizing weights
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94 • Ballast storage and release
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95 • Ballast making
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96 • Airship control
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97 • Buoyancy varying
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98 • Gas bag inflation
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99 • Gas release
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99.1 • Fuselage
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99.11 • Wing
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99.12 • Drag
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99.13 • Flutter control
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99.14 • Trim tab
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99.2 • Specific control connection or actuator
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99.3 • Linkage
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99.4 • Redundant arrangements
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99.5 • Fluid
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99.6 • Fluid pressure source arrangement
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99.7 • Nonlinear fluid actuator
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99.8 • Actively deformable material (e.g., piezoelectric, shape memory, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive)
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99.9 • Failure tolerant (e.g., jam tolerant, no-back control connection)
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100R • LANDING GEAR
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101 • Amphibian
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102R • Retractable
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102A • Interconnected elements
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102SL • Strut locks
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102SS • Strut shortening
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103R • Wheel
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104R • Resiliently mounted
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104CS • Coil spring
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104FP • Fluid pressure
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104LS • Leaf spring
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103S • Prerotation
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103W • Crosswind gear
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105 • Water landing
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106 • Flying boat
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107 • Emergency
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108 • Skids
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109 • Tail supports
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100C • Endless track
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100A • Inflatable
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110R • RETARDING AND RESTRAINING DEVICES
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111 • Wheel brake arrangement
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112 • Water brake arrangement
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113 • Aerodynamic retarders
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110A • Brake
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110B • Thrust reversers
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110C • Cable or net support
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110D • Aerodynamic braking
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110E • Landing platforms
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110F • Snares
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110G • Arresting hoods
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110H • Friction brakes
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114R • LANDING FIELD ARRANGEMENT
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115 • Mooring devices
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116 • Movable
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114B • Blast deflectors
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117R • AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE
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118.1 • Load (e.g., cargo) accommodation
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118.2 • Removable, load bearing, airframe section
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118.5 • Passenger or crew accommodation
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118.6 • Seating arrangement: berth or berthage
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119 • Fuselage and body construction
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120 • Sectional
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121 • Shields and other protective devices
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122R • Seats and safety belts
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122A • Ejection seats
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122AB • Catapult and rocket combined
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122AC • Catapult
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122AD • Rocket
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122AE • Automatic sequence
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122AF • Canopy release
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122AG • Restraint positioning and protective devices
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122AH • Seat separation
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122B • Safety belts
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123.1 • Airfoil construction
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123.11 • Inflatable
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123.12 • Corrugated panels
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123.13 • Honeycomb in skin panels
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123.14 • Hollow
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123.2 • Sparless frame construction
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123.3 • Integral frame and skin
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123.4 • Open truss/lattice construction
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123.5 • Nonmetallic filler (e.g., metal skin with foam, cork, or rubber filler)
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123.6 • Honeycomb
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123.7 • Box beam
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123.8 • Main spar
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123.9 • Tubular spar
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124 • Sectional
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125 • Airship hull construction
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126 • Airship skin construction
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127 • Airship load attachment
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128 • Airship gas cell construction and arrangement
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129.1 • Details
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129.2 • Fire prevention devices
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129.3 • Windows
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129.4 • Closures
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129.5 • Door
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118.3 • Displaceable to function as ramp
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129.6 • Steps
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130 • Aerodynamic resistance reducing
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131 • Joints and connections
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132 • Skin fastening devices
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133 • Materials of construction
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134R • Ice prevention
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134A • Flexible surfaces
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134B • Heating fluid in airfoil
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134C • Deicing fluid on airfoil exterior
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134D • Electric
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134E • Nature of surface
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134F • Initiators and indicators
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135R • Fuel supply
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135A • Aircraft refueling
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135B • Flexible containers
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135C • Fuel balancing systems
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136 • Material discharging and diffusing
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137.1 • Passenger or cargo loading or discharging
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137.2 • Passenger
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137.3 • Aerial cargo unloading by parachute extraction
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137.4 • Releasable, externally mounted cargo
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117A • Skin cooling
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138R • SAFETY LOWERING DEVICES
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139 • Entire aircraft
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140 • Passenger compartment
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141 • Seat
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142 • Parachutes
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143 • Garment attached
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144 • Aircraft element convertible to parachute
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145 • Canopy construction
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146 • Inflated bracing
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147 • Storage and release
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148 • Packs
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149 • Opening devices
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150 • Timing mechanism
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151R • Harness
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151A • Parchute harness connection
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151B • Parachute load releasing
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152 • Control devices
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138A • Rotating vanes
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153R • KITES
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154 • Airplane type
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155R • Accessories
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155A • Kite controls
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153A • Rotating
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900 • LIGHTWEIGHT, WINGED, AIR VEHICLE (E,G,. ULTRALIGHT or HANG GLIDER)
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901 • Having delta shaped wing
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902 • Having parachute type wing
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903 • Powered
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904 • Miscellaneous hardware or control
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905 • INFLATABLE EVACUATION SLIDE
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FOR100 • AIRCRAFT CONTROL (244/75 R)
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FOR101 • Flutter prevention (244/75 A)
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FOR102 • Fluid (244/78)
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FOR103 • Airfoil construction (244/123)
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FOR104 • SPACECRAFT (244/158 R)
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FOR105 • Exterior surface air resistance heat control (244/158 A)
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FOR106 • Space station (244/159)
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FOR107 • Reentry vehicle (244/160)
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FOR108 • Rendezvous and docking (244/161)
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FOR109 • Manned (244/162)
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FOR110 • Environmental control (244/163)
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FOR111 • With propulsion (244/172)
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FOR112 • With solar panel (244/173)
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FOR113 • Spaceship control (244/176)
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FOR114 • By vortex generator or dissipator (244/199)
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