Lighting, Heating, and Cooling
LIGHTING
Production of a varying lighting effect
Devices or systems using daylight
Incandescent mantles; Other incandescent bodies heated by combustion
Light sources not otherwise provided for
Lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially adapted for transportation
Systems of lighting devices
Devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
Devices intended to be free-standing
Devices intended for fixed installation
Devices with a built-in power supply
Shades
Screens
Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V 1/00-F21V 11/00
Changing the characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of parts
Protecting lighting devices from damage
Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices
Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices
Cooling or heating arrangements
Globes
Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
Candle holders
Refractors
Reflectors
Use of light guides, e.g. fibre optic devices, in lighting devices or systems
Light filters
STEAM GENERATION
STEAM GENERATION
COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
Combustion apparatus using only solid fuel
Combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
Burners using capillary action
Incineration of waste
Incinerators or other apparatus specially adapted for consuming specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
Grates; Cleaning or raking grates
Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues; Flues
Feeding fuel to combustion apparatus
Air supply; Draught-inducing; Supplying noncombustible liquid or gas
Constructional details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for
Regulating or controlling combustion
Ignition; Extinguishing devices
Generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity, e.g. gas-turbine combustion chambers
HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
Domestic stoves or ranges for solid fuels; Implements for use in connection with stoves or ranges
Domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central heating systems; Domestic hot-water supply systems; Elements or components therefor
Room units, e.g. receiving primary air from a central station
Control or safety systems or apparatus
Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment
Air-conditioning systems
Air-humidification
Ventilation
Use of air currents for screening, e.g. air curtain
Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than by combustion
Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors
Other production or use of heat, not derived from combustion
REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATINGAND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
Compression machines, plant or systems with non-reversible cycle
Compression machines, plant, or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
Compression machines, plant, or systems, with reversible cycle
Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
Sorption machines, plant, or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
Machines, plant, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
Machines, plant, or systems, with a single mode of operation
Machines, plant, or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B 1/00-F25B 23/00
Machines, plant, or systems, using particular sources of energy
Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
Heat pumps
Compressor arrangements
Evaporators
Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
Fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. for transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler
Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids
Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
Compression machines, plant, or systems, with several condenser circuits
Compression machines, plant, or systems, with cascade operation
Compression machines, plant, or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
Production, working, storing, or distribution of ice
Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerator
Stationary devices, e.g. cold rooms
Devices not covered by group F25D 11/00 or F25D 13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids
Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices
Defrosting
General constructional features
Charging, supporting, or discharging the articles to be cooled
Lighting arrangements
Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Devices using other cold materials
Other cooling or freezing apparatus
Devices using endothermic chemical reactions, e.g. using frigorific mixtures
Liquefaction, solidification, or separation of gases or gaseous mixtures by pressure and cold treatment
DRYING
Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
Machines or apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement
Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
Heating arrangements
Details of general application
Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes
Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation
FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
Crucible or pot furnaces
Fluidised-bed furnaces
Furnaces
Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type
Muffle furnaces
Rotary-drum furnaces
Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type
Casings
Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
Apparatus for preheating charges
Handling or treating discharged material
Arrangement for using waste heat
Arrangement of controlling devices
Arrangement of monitoring devices
Details or accessories not covered by any other group of this subclass
Charging
Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
Steam or vapour condensers
Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the heat-exchange media come into direct contact without chemical interaction
Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
Heat storage plants or apparatus in general
Heat-exchange apparatus
Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
Tubular elements
Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters
Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
Component parts of trickle coolers
Control arrangements specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
Plate-like or laminated elements
Elements
Casings
Cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heatexchange or heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers