To provide a cold insulation box requiring no means for cooling a cold storage agent and usable easily and quickly after transportation of an article, a cold storage agent replacing apparatus for use therein and an article transporting system.

Since the cold storage unit 12 of a cold insulation box 10 is arranged such that a fluid cold storage agent having a cold storage function can be drawn in and out, the cold insulation box 10 can be brought into usable state quickly by replacing a cold storage agent in the cold storage unit 12 with an external cold storage agent upon lowering of cooling capacity. Since a cold storage agent replacing apparatus 20 which can contain and cool a cold storage agent A equivalent to that used in the cold insulation box 10 is coupled with the cold storage unit 12 of the cold insulation box 10 which is then filled with the cold storage agent A from the cold storage agent replacing apparatus 20 and the cold storage agent in the cold insulation box 10 is recovered by the cold storage agent replacing apparatus 20, the work for replacing the cold storage agent can be facilitated extremely.