To provide a conveyance system capable of setting up a rotary supporting tool by using a conveyance robot with a small carriable mass.

A conveyance system 9 is disposed in a rotary machining tool 1 including: a rotating device 2 for supporting a cylindrical workpiece 8 via a rotary supporting tool 6; a machining tool 3 for machining the cylindrical workpiece 8; and a carrying device 4 for transferring the cylindrical workpiece 8 and the rotary supporting tool 6 to the rotating device 2. The conveyance system 9 includes a conveyance table 91 and a conveyance robot 92. The conveyance robot 92 is structured to bring a pallet 60 on which the rotary supporting tool 6 is mounted and an empty pallet 60 into rolling contact and move between a storing position 901 on the conveyance table 91 and a transfer position 902 to which a gripper 5 of the carrying device 4 can face.