To provide a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen storage battery which is made suitable for back-up usage by suppressing a peculiar problem (deterioration due to heat storage in the vicinity of center part) in the case of increased capacity while utilizing merits of the cylindrical nickel-hydrogen storage battery having superior productivity.

This is the cylindrical nickel-hydrogen storage battery in which an electrode plate group 4 formed by winding a positive electrode plate 1 containing nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode plate 2 containing a hydrogen storage alloy via a separator 3 is housed in a cylindrical metal can 5. The average particle size of a hydrogen storage alloy powder of the negative electrode plate 2a in the vicinity of a winding core of the electrode plate group 4 is made larger than that of the hydrogen storage alloy powder of the negative electrode plate 2b at other places.