To provide a flame-retardant resin composition and a molded article keeping characteristic toughness of vegetable-originated polyamide resins, i.e. strength and breaking strain, and having high flame-retardancy, heat-resistance, rigidity and impact resistance, and good characteristic balance.

The resin composition includes (A) a vegetable-originated polyamide resin, (B) a glass fiber having a (long diameter)/(short diameter) ratio of the fiber cross-section of 1.5-10, (C) a flame retardant and (D) a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer, wherein the content of (A) is 30-70 mass%, the content of (B) is 5-50 mass% and the content of (C) is 10-50 mass% based on the sum amount of (A), (B) and (C), and the content of (D) is 0.1-5 mass% based on the content of (A).