To provide a hot rolling oil composition that can prevent a tool from surface roughening and abrasion due to insufficient lubrication when it is supplied to one or both of the tool and a material to be worked by direct application, air spraying, water injection or the like in the process of hot rolling of materials such as steels and nonferrous metals and to provide a hot rolling method using the composition.

This hot rolling oil composition comprises 0.01-20 mass % of an oil-soluble salt made from a specific acidic organophosphate ester and a specific aliphatic amine. The composition may further comprise at least one of a base oil and a base grease. The composition can be used for steels and special steels. The composition is supplied to the surface of a tool when a material to be worked is subjected to hot rolling so as to prevent the tool surface from seizure, abrasion and surface roughening.