To provide a lithographic printing original plate which can be printed by mounting in a printer as it is without treating after an exposure, which has a good on-board developability, large strengths in fine halftone dots and fine lines and a high plate wear resistance, and in which a hardness to stain is further improved in printing.

The lithographic printing original plate comprises: a hydrophilic layer containing a hydrophobicity prepared precursor fine particles and a hydrophilic binder polymer; and an image forming layer containing a microcapsule including a hydrophobic substance and a photothermal conversion substance, sequentially formed on a water resisting support. In the original plate, the binder polymer is a composite material of a resin having a bond of connecting at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a metal atom and a semi-metal atom via an oxygen atom and a hydrophilic organic polymer. The hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin having two or more of atomic groups each having 10 kJ/mol or more of aggregation energy contribution in a minimum repeating unit or a hydrophobic compound having 45°C or higher of a phase transfer temperature.