To provide a physical distribution authentication system, and a physical distribution authentication method capable of solving a problem of an authentication system in a conventional delivery box.

It is characterized by that a physical distribution slip issuing means is provided for issuing a physical distribution slip 2 including physical distribution information 21 including addressee information relevant to an addressee of an article 16 and information relevant to a delivery box B of a delivery destination, and physical ID information 22 associated with the physical distribution information 21, and it is composed such that deliverer ID information read by the delivery box B is collated with prestored deliverer ID information, the physical distribution ID information 22 read by the delivery box B is collated with information relevant to the delivery box B included in reception information received by a communication means, the delivery box B can be unlocked when there is a match in both collation results, addressee ID information read by the delivery box B of the delivery location is collated with the addressee information relevant to the addressee included in the reception information received by the communication means, and the delivery box B can be unlocked when there is a match in the collation result.

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