To provide an automatic lathe capable of carrying out total machining including both end surfaces of a work in high precision.

This main spindle moving type automatic lathe is furnished with a first main spindle 20, a second main spindle 30 arranged against the first main spindle along the Z axis direction, a linear motor to respectively move them in the Z axis direction, tool rests 40, 50 on which tools to work the work held by the first main spindle 20 or the second main spindle 30 are mounted and linear motors 44, 54 to move these tool rests in the X axis direction which is a direction to cross the Z axis direction. The first main spindle 20 and the second main spindle 30 move only in the Z axis direction, and positional errors due to accumulation of slides are never piled up on each other as in the case of moving them in both of the X axis direction and the Z axis direction.