To provide a treatment method capable of individually separating and recovering a calcium component in a form of calcium hydroxide and a lead component from fine powder comprising the calcium component and the lead component with excellent separability, at a low cost using a few chemicals each in a small amount by a simple operation.

The treatment method of treating fine powder comprising a calcium component and a lead component comprises: (A) a slurry preparation process whereby fine powder comprising a calcium component and a lead component is mixed with water to prepare slurry; (B) a sulfuration treatment process of preparing slurry comprising a solid component consisting of a lead-containing material, by adding a sulfuration agent to the slurry prepared by the process (A); and (C) a lead-calcium separation process whereby a floating ore comprising the lead component and a sinking ore comprising the lead component are obtained by carrying out floatation separation by adding a scavenger of a dithiophosphoric acid type and/or a mercaptobenzothiazole type to the slurry prepared by the process (B).