To provide a microscope for surgery which has a compact outside lighting system for securing a wide space for surgery.

The microscope for surgery 1 includes a microscope barrel part 50 with a built-in objective lens 38 for observing an operated eye 8, and the outside lighting system 2 for irradiating the operated eye 8 with the illumination light having an optical axis C2 inclined relative to the optical axis C1 of the objective lens 38. The outside lighting system 2 has a lens group 26 having the positive refraction, a diaphragm 27 for limiting the illumination range, and white light emitting diodes 22, when viewed from the side of the operated eye 8. The outside lighting system 2 is disposed on a side of the microscope barrel part 50 with the built-in objective lens 38, higher than the vicinity of the lower face position 381 of the objective lens 38 and lower than the bottom position 171 of a television relay lens casing 17 attached to the microscope barrel part 50. The projection magnification of the diaphragm 27 is at least 2.5, and the focal distance of the lens group 26 is not more than 62 mm.