To maintain the electrostatic charging properties of toners having a particle diameter larger than the average particle diameter, thus to allow selective developing hard to occur, and to improve the electrostatic charging properties and carrying properties of the toners.
Regarding the nonmagnetic monocomponent developing toners used for a developing method where the thin layer of each toner is formed on a toner carrier, and an electrostatic latent image is developed, and in which the toner replenished from the outside and the toner in a toner vessel are mixed by a toner stirring means, as a charge control agent, the one comprising a polymer or a copolymer containing a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonate group, or a sulfonic acid ester group is used, and, when the toner is introduced into plasma, and is subjected to spectrographic analysis so as to be atomized, excited and illuminated, provided that the cubic root of the illumination voltage in carbon atoms is defined as Va, and the cubic root of the illumination voltage in sulfur atoms is defined as Vb, the relation in formula (1) is satisfied: Va=AVb2+BVb (1); wherein, A is 0.01 to 0.04, and B is 0.10 to 0.15.
| JPS57161862 | CHARGING OF MAGNETIC TONER |
| JPS6433559 | TWO-COMPONENT DEVELOPER FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY |
| JP7208048 | black toner |
IGARASHI TOMOAKI
NAKAYAMA KENICHI
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi