To provide a novolac type phenolic resin which has an improved heat resistance and mechanical strength as a cured material, and to provide a novolac type phenolic resin composition and a thermosetting resin molding material.

A novolac type phenolic resin having a structure of formula (1) (wherein, X is represented by an aromatic group and n is an integer of 1-50) is provided. The novolac type phenolic resin composition comprises a first novolac type phenolic resin having a variance ratio (Mw/Mn) between a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1.0-1.5, and a second novolac type phenolic resin.