To provide an opposite dual-spindle combined lathe equipped with cutter rests above and below a spindle axis, which has a bed in a simplified structure, well discharges cutting chips and cutting fluid falling from a machining position, and which has the cutter rest disposed below the spindle axis, lower parts of headstocks, and their guide structure all in compact form.

The bed has a horizontal upper surface and a vertical front surface. The headstock fixed to the bed is fixed on the vertical front surface of the bed; a moving headstock and a lateral moving block for the lower cutter rest can freely move by being guided by right and left guides fixed on the vertical front surface of the bed. The vertical guide for vertically guiding the lower cutter rest is fixed on the vertical front surface of a lower Z-axis moving block. The headstock fixed to the bead is fixed, at the lower end of the back face thereof and height-intermediate position of the back face, on the front surface of the bed, and a space for passing the right and left guides and a feed screw through is formed between the lower back face of the headstock and the front surface of the bed.