To provide an optical recording and reproducing method for recording (reproducing) data information and servo information onto an optical recording medium having an information recording layer formed of a reflective hologram layer, and a dedicated servo layer formed at a location different from that of the information recording layer, without reducing the tilt margin of an optical head during reproduction.

The data information and servo marks are recorded to the reflective hologram layer of the optical recording medium 12 having the information recording layer 12F formed of the reflective hologram layer, and the dedicated servo layer formed at the location different from that of the information recording layer 12F. During reproduction, the data information is reproduced from the reflective hologram layer based on the servo information.