To use within a device operated with a battery by arranging a semitransparent layer of metal having a specified range of work function between a transparent bottom electrode on a substrate and an organic functional layer.
A semitransparent metal layer capable of transmitting about 10-90% of light in a visible spectrum range, having a work function of 4-7 eV is arranged between a transparent bottom electrode and an organic functional layer on an anode. The metal layer is formed so as to have a thickness of 1-100 nm, and used as a hole injection layer of a carrier in an organic material. A metal of the metal layer is selected from noble metals, especially from palladium, silver, iridium, platinum, and gold, or inactive metals of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten. Therefore, the metal layer is stable for a long time, has sufficient transparency, can obstruct formation of energy obstruction to the interface between the anode and the organic functional layer of the organic material. Operation voltage of a light emitting diode is substantially lowered, and the light emitting diode can be operated with a battery.
WIESE STEFAN
METZDORF DIRK
KOWALSKY WOLFGANG DR
