To obtain a wide photonic band gap in a frequency region common to polarized light having no electric field component in the Z-axis direction and polarized light having no magnetic field component in the Z-axis direction.

This photonic crystal structure consists of a plurality of rectangular rods 2 having a uniform side length in the Z-axis direction corresponding to the wavelength of light and arranged as alternately rotated by 90 degrees from one another, and of the surrounding dielectric material which has a greatly different dielectric const. from that of the rectangular rods and which is disposed to surround the rectangular rods. Thereby, the obtained structure has characteristics to suppress propagation of light waves in the frequency region common to polarized light having no electric field component in the Z-axis direction and polarized light having no magnetic field component in the Z-axis direction.