To provide a rail based electric power generation system which generates electric power by efficiently utilizing the traveling load or traveling vibration load of a train, or the like, which is generated when a moving object such as a train travels on a rail and collecting the electric power as electric energy.

A rail based electric power generation system includes a piezoelectric member which is arranged in a rail on which a moving object such as a train passes, takes out electricity generated from the piezoelectric member when the moving object passes on the piezoelectric member and stores the electricity in a battery through a charging circuit, wherein the piezoelectric member is a complex of a polymer material and piezoelectric ceramic particles dispersed into the polymer material.