To provide a reciprocating drive device arranged at a roller in a printing machine, having high efficiency in power transmission for reciprocating the roller in the axial direction by making it interlock the rotation of the roller, and generating only a little heat so as to facilitate its maintenance.

A gear box 5 is attached to a shaft end 28a of a reciprocating roller 28 and an input shaft 6 transmits torque to the gear box 5. An output shaft 11 of the gear box 5 is arranged in a direction which intersects the input shaft 6 at almost right angles. In between the input shaft 6 and the output shaft 11, a rotation driving force is transferred by a hypoid gear or a bevel gear. In between an eccentric shaft 12 attached to the output shaft 11 and a support shaft 17, a link 14 is provided so as to exert reciprocating motion in the axial direction on the reciprocating roller 28 by the rotation of the output shaft 11.