To provide a system of surely proving the parent-child relationship between a neonate and the mother without any possibility of theft, forgery and losing by solving the problems of a conventional method of attaching identification tags of the neonate and the protector around the wrists as a preventing method for mistaking the neonates, which is simply and easily executed, however, has risks of detachment and losing of the identification tag and of switching of the neonate by forging and replacing the identification tag by a third party with malicious intent.

This mother-child relationship proving system of collating/proving the parent-child relationship by recording the voiceprints of the mother and the neonate at the time of childbirth in hospital is provided with a registering means recording the initial cry of the neonate and the voice of the parturient woman at the time of childbirth and registering them in a collation source information database as voiceprint data by a voiceprint analyzer, and a confirmation means of sampling and quantizing the voices of the neonate and the parturient woman when handing over the neonate to the parturient woman, allowing the voiceprint analyzer to create the voiceprint data, and confirming the mother-child relationship by collating them with the voiceprint data registered in the collation source information database.