PURPOSE: To secure a long life by prescribing each surface roughness of the rolling body of a rolling bearing and the opponent member and ratio within each specific range, as for the specific range of the surface roughness which is obtained by applying the common grinding polishing work on both.

CONSTITUTION: When a rolling bearing is used in a boundary lubrication state, each surface roughness σ1, σ2 of the rolling contact surface of the rolling body and the opponent member is represented by the center line average roughness prescribed in JIS B0601, each value of the both is set to 0.15-0.5μm and the ratio σ1/σ2 or σ2/σ1 is set to 3 or less. The figure shown the relation between the generation of surface breakage and the stress generated on the contact surface of the opponent member in case of σ2/σ1>3, and the projection part group on the rolling body surface (σ2 surface) generates the stress of P1 in the vicinity of the surface on the whole surface of the opponent member surface (σ1 surface). On the contrary, in case of setting at a prescribed condition, only the stress P2 smaller than the allowable shearing stress Pc is generated locally, and it shows that the probability of generation of the surface breakage is low.