PURPOSE: To improve a rotary cylinder type processing apparatus so that it becomes easy to peel a material subjected to a cooling or heating process, from the surface of the cylindrical member.

CONSTITUTION: A cooling or heating device 6 is provided inside a cylindrical member 4. A small-diameter rotational roller 18 is placed near the cylindrical member 4. The cylindrical member 4 and the small-diameter rotational roller 18 are connected by a peeling endless belt 19 set on them. Installed on the cylindrical member 4 are a rolling roller 5 pressed against to the cylindrical member 4 for rolling a material 3 to be processed, and an endless belt 7 extending along the outer peripheral surface of the peeling endless belt 19. The endless belt 7 presses the rolled material 3 tightly against the peeling endless belt 19 while the material 3 is being conveyed. The small-diameter roller 18 has such a diameter that the processed material will be peeled off by the curving of the pass run of the peeling endless belt 19.