To provide a rubbing method and a manufacturing method of optical compensation film by which neither void nor stripe is developed, and to provide an optical compensation film that has less display uneveness in the LCD of high-luminance backlight, by using the rubbing method and a manufacturing method of the optical compensation film.

The rubbing method of forming an alignment layer is provided, by which the surface of a belt-like sheet 14, formed with a polymer layer for forming the alignment layer is wound around a rubbing roller 20 that rotates and is subjected to rubbing, while making the belt-like sheet 14 run, wherein the rubbing strength L[m] expressed by expression (1): L=Nl(1+2rn/v), specific pressure P[N/m2] expressed by expression (2): P=T/(Wr) and relative speed V[m/s] expressed by expression (3): V=v+2rn satisfy all the relations 0.1L20, 100P10,000 and 2V60.