To provide a structure for cooling firebrick for cooling firebrick near the tuyere of a converter capable of prolonging service life of the converter than the conventional one by effectively suppressing the speed of wear due to overheat of the brick near the tuyere irrespective of more simple structure, and to provide a method for cooling the firebrick of converter.

A gap 9 for ventilation is formed between the fire brick 7 on the inside forming the furnace body of the converter 1 and an external wall material 8, a plurality of hole parts 8a are disposed on the external wall material 8 of a part on which the gap 9 is formed, air is introduced to the gap 9 and, thereby, the firebrick 7 is cooled. Further, the introduction of air to the gap 9 can be performed also by ventilating air or oxygen-enriched air to be blown into the converter 1 from an opening part 24 disposed in the middle of a tuyere pipe 22 for supplying the air or the oxygen-enriched air to the gap 9 and discharging the air or the oxygen-enriched air from pore parts 9a.