To provide a one-pack type surface coating material capable of giving good abrasion resistance, durability, decorativeness, weatherability, chemical resistance, inflammability, and adhesiveness to surfaces of concrete structures, steel, and wood.

This one-pack type surface coating material comprises a base containing lithium silicate and sodium silicate aqueous solution in a high concentration, wherein an unreactive inert filler and a coloring pigment is added to the base. The coating material is applied to the surface to be treated, then dried into a state of 'dry to touch' (specified in JIS K 5400), and further thermally treated with direct fire of a gas burner in a short time. The decorative anti-abrasive surface coating material of the one-pack type is preferably formed by preparing the base of lithium silicate and sodium silicate aqueous solution which comprises 50-90 pts.wt. of a lithium silicate solution having a mol ratio of silicon dioxide to lithium oxide of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 1.20, 10-30 pts.wt. of sodium silicate aqueous solution of grade No.3 (according to JIS K 1408), and 0-20 pts.wt. of water, and then adding 0-20 pts.wt. of an acrylic-styrene copolymer emulsion as a binder for the filler to 100 pts.wt. of the above mixture. Powdered aluminum oxide or powdered quartz is preferably used as the inert filler.