To provide systems and methods for immobilizing a target such as a human or animal with a stimulus signal coupled to the target via electrodes and for supplying the stimulus signal in accordance with a strike stage, a hold stage, and a rest stage.
The systems include a launch device and separate projectile, where the projectile includes a battery, a waveform generator, and the electrodes. The strike stage and hold stage may include pulses at a pulse repetition rate, for example, from 10 to 20 pulses per second, each pulse delivering a predetermined amount of charge, for example, about 100 microcoulombs at less than about 500 volts peak. The hold stage may continue immobilization at a lesser expenditure of energy compared to the strike stage. Because the strike stage and hold stage may immobilize by interfering with skeletal muscle control by the target's nervous system, a rest stage may allow the target to take a breath.
NERHEIM MAGNE H
| US5831199A | 1998-11-03 | |||
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| US5962806A | 1999-10-05 | |||
| US5311436A | 1994-05-10 | |||
| US20050188888A1 | 2005-09-01 | |||
| US5698815A | 1997-12-16 |
Takaaki Yasumura
Natsuki Morishita