To provide a three-dimensional periodic structure that can easily be manufactured at a low cost and controls an electromagnetic wave with a desired wavelength and to provide its manufacturing method.

A two-dimensional basic structure consisting of a plurality of rods 11 is sequentially formed and layered by an optical forming method to form the three-dimensional periodic structure 1. Rods 11 are made of a mixture where ceramics particles are dispersed uniformly in a resin. A photonic band gap effect corresponding to an optional wavelength can be obtained by adjusting the distribution ratio of the resin and the ceramics particles and optionally setting the period of the rods 11. Part of the three-dimensional periodic structure 1 is provided with a part with different periodicity to control the directivity of an electromagnetic wave.