PURPOSE: To obtain a titlted element which is able to display at high speed and needs less display electric current and is manufactured easily, by allowing EC substances, electrolytic substances and ion and an atom impermeable substance to be mixed and exist in a film.
CONSTITUTION: Electrodes 13, 14 are provided at the upper and lower parts of a film made in the way that the area constituted of EC substances 10 and electrolytic substances 11 which are close to each other is mixed and dispersed in an ion and atom impermeable substance 12, and an element operating for developing and vanishing color is prepared by controlling the applied positive and negative voltage to said electrodes 13, 14. When positive voltage is applied to the electrode 13, protons contained in the area of electrolytic substances 11 are injected into the area of EC substances 10 which are adjacent in case that the area 11 exists at the side of + electrode closer than the area 10 and at the same time, an injection of electrons e is generated from the side of the substance 12 to develop colors. Color vanishing is performed by natural color vanishing by returning voltage to 0.
WATANABE MASANORI
KIYOTA KOUHEI
TANAKA MASAO
