To provide a transparent electrode having high conductivity and transparency even after environment test under high-temperature high-humidity environments as well as superb smoothness, to provide a manufacturing method of such a transparent electrode, and to provide an organic electroluminescent element of high emission uniformity and excellent stability using such a transparent electrode.

The transparent electrode has a transparent conductive layer 41 containing conductive fiber 11, conductive polymer 21 and water-soluble binder resin 31 on a transparent base material 51, with a content ratio of a low-molecule ingredient having a molecular volume found by GPC of the water-soluble binder resin of 1,000 or less by 0 to 5% by mass.