To provide a transparent conductive film for a transparent electrode of polythiophene-based conductive polymer which can acquire sufficient conductivity, excellent in transparency and flexibility, suitable for mass production, and with possibility of cost reduction, a transparent electrode including the same, a transparent electrode structure in which the transparent electrode is arranged, and a touch panel including the transparent electrode structure.

In the transparent electrode structure and a touch panel including the transparent electrode structure, the transparent electrode structure to be used for electric connection structure includes the transparent electrode arranged on a transparent base material. The transparent electrode at least includes one layer of the transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film is the polythiophene-based conductive polymer film containing the polythiophene-based conductive polymer (a), polymer electrolyte (b), and dopant (c) chosen from a group consisting of high-polarity compound and ionic liquid or electrolyte salt. The polythiophene-based conductive polymer film is characterized by having the conductivity in a film thickness direction.