To provide a transparent gas-barrier film which is reduced in pinhole and excellent in gas-barrier properties and productivity, a transparent conductive electrode base material, a liquid crystal display element, an organic EL element, a face-shaped emitter, a solar cell, and an optical device using the film.

In the transparent gas-barrier film in which a smooth surface layer having at least one layer and an inorganic barrier layer having at least one layer are laminated on a transparent plastic base material, the arithmetic average surface roughness (Sa) of a range of at least 500 μm square of the surface without the smooth surface layer of the plastic base material is 5-100 nm, and the arithmetic average surface roughness of a range of at least 500 μm square of the smooth surface layer is 2 nm or below.