To provide a tread rubber composition capable of providing rolling resistance characteristics and durability (particularly abrasion resistance) with good balance, and to provide a pneumatic tire having a tread manufactured using the same.

The tread rubber composition contains: a rubber component in which a total content of natural rubber and isoprene rubber is ≥65 mass% and a content of butadiene rubber modified with a compound represented by formula (1) is ≥5 mass%; silica; carbon black; and an alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate represented by a specific formula, wherein a content of the silica is 10-45 pts.mass, a content of the carbon black is 10-40 pts.mass, and a content of the alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate is 0.2-2.5 pts.mass, based on 100 pts.mass of the rubber component. In formula (1), R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and represent alkyl, alkoxy, silyloxy, acetal, carboxyl, mercapto or derivatives of these; R4 and R5 are the same or different and represent H, alkyl or cyclic ether; and n represents an integer.