To provide a water-based quick-drying composition in which odor is not generated at the time of work, which is environmentally-friendly, further, which is excellent in quick-drying at a low temperature and abrasion resistance which are blemishes of a water-based coating material, and to provide a quick-drying coating composition using the same.

The water-based quick-drying composition includes a synthetic resin emulsion obtained by carrying out the emulsion polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer composition using one sort or two sorts or more of water-dispersible polyesters or water-soluble polyesters as a protective colloid in an aqueous medium, and is characterized in that a part or all of the water-dispersible polyesters or the water-soluble polyester are a water-dispersible polyester or a water-soluble polyester having 75°C-150°C of a glass transition temperature.