To provide a temperature control device which efficiently reduces temperature by a Peltier element, and which has a thermal counterflow prevention function thereby maintaining the reduced temperature for a long period of time.

The temperature control device has the thermal counterflow prevention function which includes: one of an object to be cooled and an object to be heated; the Peltier element 4 which is thermally brought into contact with the object on a heat receiving surface 41 and moves the heat of the object to a heat radiating surface 42; a heat discharge member 6 which can be thermally brought into contact with the heat radiating surface 42 of the Peltier element 4 and discharges the heat moved from the object to the outside; and an isolation control unit 7 for reducing the thermal contact areas of the Peltier element 4 with the heat radiating surface 42 and the heat discharge member 6 on the basis of the prescribed condition.