To improve the working accuracy of a work having the fragile structure or formed into a fragile shape by absorbing the holding deflection in the work holding condition, and eliminating a difference between dimensional accuracy when working and dimensional accuracy when releasing the holding condition after concluding the working.

In a machine tool for holding the work W at both ends thereof with chuck means 4A and 4B and for rotating the work W around the axis for cutting work, when holding both ends of the work W, tensile force in the axial direction is given to the work W, while holding the work W for cutting work.