1.4-HETEROCYCLIC META LOPROTEASE INHIBITORS

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention is directed to compounds which are useful in treating diseases, disorders and conditions associated with unwanted metalloprotease activity.

BACKGROUND

A number of structurally related metalloproteases [MPs] effect the breakdown of structural proteins. These metalloproteases often act on the intercellular matrix, and thus are involved in tissue breakdown and remodeling. Such proteins are referred to as metalloproteases or MPs. There are several different families of MPs, classified by sequence homology. Several families of known MPs, as well as examples thereof, are disclosed in the art.

These MPs include Matrix-Metallo Proteases [MMPs], zinc metalloproteases, many of the membrane bound metalloproteases, TNF converting enzymes, angiotensin-cσnverting enzymes (ACEs), disintegrins, including ADAMs (See Wolfsberg et al, 131 J. Cell Bio. 275-78 October, 1995), and the enkephaiinases. Examples of MPs include human skin fibroblast collagenase, human skin fibroblast gelatinase, human sputum collagenase, aggrecanse and gelatinase, and human stromelysin. Collagenase, stromelysin, aggrecanase and related enzymes are thought to be important in mediating the symptomatology of a number of diseases.

Potential therapeutic indications of MP inhibitors have been discussed in the literature. See for example, U.S. Patent 5,506,242 (Ciba Geigy Corp.); U.S. Patent 5.403,952 (Merck & Co.); PCT published application WO 96/06074 (British Bio Tech Ltd); PCT Publication WO 96/00214 (Ciba Geigy); WO 95/35275 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 95/35276 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 95/337 1 (Hoffinan-LaRoche); WO 95/33709 (Hoffinan-LaRoche); WO 95/32944 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 95/26989 (Merck); WO 9529892 (DuPont Merck); WO 95/24921 (Inst. Opthamology); WO 95 23790 (SmithKline Beecham); WO 95/22966 (Sanofi Winthrop); WO 95/19965 (Glycomed); WO 95 19956 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 95/19957 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 95/19961 (British Bio Tech Ltd) WO 95/13289 (Chiroscience Ltd.); WO 95/12603 (Syntex); WO 95/09633 (Florida State Univ); WO 95/09620 (Florida State Univ.); WO 95/04033 (Celltech); WO 94/25434 (Celltech); WO 94 25435 (Celltech); WO 93/141 12 ( Merck); WO 94/0019 (Glaxo); WO 93/21942 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 92/22523 (Res. Corp. Tech. Inc.); WO 94/10990 (British Bio Tech Ltd); WO 93/09090 (Ya anouchi); and British patents GB 2282598 (Merck) and GB 2268934 (British Bio Tech Ltd);

Published European Patent Applications EP 95/684240 (Hoffman LaRoche); EP 574758 (Hoffman LaRoche); EP 575844 (Hoffman LaRoche); Published Japanese applications, JP 08053403 (Fujusowa Pharm. Co. Ltd.); JP 7304770 (Kanebo Ltd.); and Bird et al J Med Chem vol. 37, pp. 158-69 (1994) Examples of potential therapeutic uses of MP inhibitors include rheumatoid arthπtis (Mullins, D. E., et al., Biochim. Biophvs. Acta. (1983) 695: 1 17-214); osteoarthritis (Henderson, B., et al., Drags of the Future (1990) 15:495-508); the metastasis of tumor cells (ibid, Broadhurst, M. J., et al., European Patent Application 276,436 (published 1987), Reich, R., et al., 48 Cancer Res. 3307-3312 (1988); and various ulcerations or ulcerative conditions of tissue. For example, ulcerative conditions can result in the cornea as the result of alkali bums or as a result of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acanthamoeba, Herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses.

Other examples of conditions characterized by undesired metalloprotease activity include peπodontal disease, epider olysis bullosa, fever, inflammation and sclentis (Cf. DeCicco et al, WO 95 29892 published November 9, 1995).

In view of the involvement of such metalloproteases in a number of disease conditions, attempts have been made to prepare inhibitors to these enzymes. A number of such inhibitors are disclosed in the literature. Examples include U.S Patent No 5,183,900, issued February 2, 1993 to Galardy; U.S. Patent No 4,996,358, issued February 26, 1991 to Handa, et al., U S Patent No 4,771,038, issued September 13, 1988 to Wolanin, et al., U.S. Patent Number 4,743,587, issued May 10, 1988 to Dickens, et al., European Patent Publication Number 575,844, published December 29, 1993 by Broadhurst, et al.; International Patent Publication No. WO 93/09090, published May 13, 1993 by Isomura, et al.; World Patent Publication 92/17460, published October 15, 1992 by Markwell et al.; and European Patent Publication Number 498,665, published August 12, 1992 by Beckett, et al.

Metalloprotease inhibitors are useful in treating diseases caused, at least in part, by breakdown of structural proteins. Though a vaπety of inhibitors have been prepared, there is a continuing need for potent matrix metalloprotease inhibitors useful in treating such diseases. Applicants have found that, surpnsingly, the compounds of the present invention are potent metalloprotease inhibitors.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

Thus it is an object of the present invention to provide compounds useful for the treatment of conditions and diseases which are characterized by unwanted MP activity.

It is also an object of the mvention to provide potent inhibitors of metalloproteases.

It is a further object of the invention to provide pharmaceutical compositions compπsing such inhibitors.

It is also an object of the mvention to provide a method of treatment for metalloprotease related maladies.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides compounds which are useful as inhibitors of metalloproteases, and which are effective in treating conditions characterized by excess activity of these enzymes. In particular, the present invention relates to a compound having a structure according to Formula (I)

wherein

R2 is hydrogen, alkyl or acyl;

Ar is COR3 or SO2 4; and

R3 is alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino and alkylarylamino;

R4 is alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted;

X is O, S, SO, SO2, or NR5, wherein R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, aryl, SO2R6, COR7, CSRg, P0(RQ)2 or may optionally form a ring with W; and

Rg is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino and alkylarylamino;

R7 is hydrogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino and alkylarylamino;

Rg is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino and alkylarylamino;

RQ is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl;

W is hydrogen or one or more lower alkyl moieties, or is an alkylene, arylene, or heteroarylene bridge between two adjacent or nonadjacent carbons (thus forming a fused ring);

Y is independently one or more of hydrogen, hydroxy, SRJQ. SOR4, SO2R4, alkoxy, amino, wherein amino is of formula NRJ J .R^, wherein RJ J and Rj2 are independently chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, aryl, SO2R6, COR7, CSRg, P0(RQ)2; and

R _] ø is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl; Z is nil, a spin) moiety or an oxo group substituted on the heterocyclic ring.

This structure also includes an optical isomer, diastereomer or enantiomer for Formula (I), or a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable salt, or biohydroiyzable amide, ester, or imide thereof.

These compounds have the ability to inhibit at least one mammalian metalloprotease. Accordingly, in other aspects, the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of Formula (I), and to methods of treating diseases characterized by unwanted metalloprotease activity using these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Metalloproteases which are active at a particularly undesired location (e.g., an organ or certain types of cells) can be targeted by conjugating the compounds of the invention to a targeting ligand specific for a marker at that location such as an antibody or fragment thereof or a receptor ligand. Conjugation methods are known in the art.

The invention is also directed to various other processes which take advantage of the unique properties of these compounds. Thus, in another aspect, the invention is directed to the compounds of Formula (I) conjugated to solid supports. These conjugates can be used as affinity reagents for the purification of a desired metalloprotease.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to the compounds of Formula (I) conjugated to label. As the compounds of the invention bind to at least one metalloprotease, the label can be used to detect the presence of relatively high levels of metalloprotease, preferably a matrix metalloprotease in vivo or in vitro cell culture.

In addition, the compounds of Formula (I) can be conjugated to carriers which permit the use of these compounds in immunization protocols to prepare antibodies specifically immunoreactive with the compounds of the invention. Typical conjugation methods are known in the art. These antibodies are then useful both in therapy and in monitoring the dosage of the inhibitors.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of mammalian metalloproteases, preferably a matrix metalloproteases. Preferably, the compounds are those of Formula (I) or a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable salt, or biohydrolyzable amide, ester, or imide thereof.

Throughout this disclosure, publications and patents are referred to in an effort to fully describe the state of the art. All references cited herein are hereby incoφorated by reference. Definitions and Usage of Terms: The following is a list of definitions for terms used herein.

"Acyl" or "carbonyl" is described as a radical which could be formed by removal of the hydroxy from a carboxylic acid (i.e., R-C(=0)-). Preferred acyl groups include (for example) acetyl, formyl, and propionyl.

"Acyloxy" is an oxy radical having an acyl substituent (i.e., -O-acyl); for example,-0- C(=0)-alkyI.

"Alkoxyacyl" is an acyl radical (-C(=0)-) having an alkoxy substituent (i.e., -O-R), for example, -C(=0)-0-alkyl. This radical can be referred to as an ester.

"Acylamino" is an amino radical having an acyl substituent (i.e., -N-acyl); for example, -NH-C(=0)-alkyl.

"Alkenyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon chain radical having 2 to 15 carbon atoms; preferably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; more preferably from 2 to 8, except where indicated Alkenyl substituents have at least one olefinic double bond (including, for example, vinyl, allyl and butenyl).

"Alkynyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon chain radical having 2 to 15 carbon atoms; preferably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; more preferably from 2 to 8; except where indicated. The chain has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

"Alkoxy" is an oxygen radical having a hydrocarbon chain substituent, where the hydrocarbon chain is an alkyl or alkenyl (i.e., -O-alkyl or -O-alkenyl). Preferred alkoxy groups include (for example) methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and allyloxy.

"Alkoxyalkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl moiety substituted with an alkoxy moiety (i.e., -alkyl-O-alkyl). Preferred is where the alkyl has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (more preferably I to 3 carbon atoms), and the alkyoxy has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms).

"Alkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted saturated hydrocarbon chain radical having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; more preferably 1 to 4, except where indicated Preferred alkyl groups include (for example) substituted or unsubstituted methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and butyl.

As referred to herein, "spiro cycle" or "spiro cyclic" refers to a cyclic moiety sharing a carbon on another ring. Such cyclic moiety may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic in nature Preferred heteroatoms included in the backbone of the heterocyclic spirocycle include oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. The spiro cycles may be unsubstituted or substituted. Preferred substituents include oxo, hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyi, alkoxy, amino, heteroalkyl, aryloxy, fused rings (e.g., benzothiole, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, benzimidizoles, pyridylthiole, etc., which may also be substituted) and the like. In addition, the heteroatom of the heterocycie may be substituted if valence allows. Preferred spirocyclic ring sizes include 3- 7 membered rings.

Alkylene refers to an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl which is diradical, rather than a radical. "Hetero alkylene" is likewise defined as a (diradical) alkylene having a heteroatom in its chain.

"Alkylamino" is an ammo radical having one (secondary amine) or two (tertiary amine) alkyl substituents (i.e., -N-alkyl). For example, methylamino

(-NHCH3), dimethylamino (-N(CH ₃ ) ₂ ), methylethyiamino (-N(CH3)CH ₂ CH ₃ ).

"Aminoacyl" is acyl radical having an amino substituent (i.e., -C(=0)-N); for example, -C(=0)-NH2 The amino group of the aminoacyl moiety may be unsubstituted (i.e , primary amine) or may be substituted with one (secondary amine) or two (i.e., tertiary amine) alkyl groups

"Aryl" is an aromatic carbocyciic ring radical. Preferred aryl groups include (for example) phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and fluorenyl. Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.

"Arylalkyi" is an alkyl radical substituted with an aryl group. Preferred arylalkyi groups include benzyl, phenylethyl, and phenylpropyl. Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. "Arylalkylamino" is an amine radical substituted with an arylalkyi group (e.g., -NH-benzyl). Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.

"Arylamino" is an amine radical substituted with an aryl group (i.e., -NH-aryl). Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.

"Aryloxy" is an oxygen radical having an aryl substituent (i.e., -O-aryl). Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.

"Carbocyciic ring" is an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, hydrocarbon ring radical. Carbocyciic rings are monocyclic or are fused, bridged or spiro polycyclic ring systems. Monocyclic carbocyciic rings generally contain 4 to 9 atoms, preferably 4 to 7 atoms. Polycyclic carbocyciic rings contain 7 to 17 atoms, preferably from 7 to 12 atoms. Preferred polycyclic systems comprise 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered rings fused to 5-, 6-, or 7-membered rings.

"Carbocycle-alkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical substituted with a carbocyciic ring. Unless otherwise specified, the carbocyciic ring is preferably an aryl or cycloalkyl; more preferably an aryl. Preferred carbocycle-alkyl groups include benzyl, phenylethyl and phenylpropyl.

"Carbocycle-heteroalkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroalkyl radical substituted with a carbocyciic ring. Unless otherwise specified, the carbocyciic ring is preferably an aryl or cycloalkyl; more preferably an aryl. The heteroalkyl is preferably 2-oxa-propyl, 2-oxa- ethyl, 2-thia-propyl, or 2-thia-ethyl.

"Carboxyalkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical substituted with a carboxy (- C(=0)OH) moiety. For example, -CH ₂ -C(=0)OH.

"Cycloalkyl" is a saturated carbocyciic ring radical. Preferred cycloalkyl groups include (for example) cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclohexyl.

"Cycloheteroalkyl" is a saturated heterocyclic ring. Preferred cycloheteroalkyl groups include (for example) morpholinyl, piperadinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuryi and hydantoinyl.

"Fused rings" are rings that are superimposed together such that they share two ring atoms. A given ring may be fused to more than one other ring. Fused rings are contemplated in heteroaryl, aryl and heterocycle radicals or the like.

"Heterocycle-alkyl" is an alkyl radical substituted with a heterocyclic ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably a heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl; more preferably a heteroaryl.

Preferred heterocycle alkyl include C1 -C4 alkyl having preferred heteroaryl appended to them. More preferred is. for example, pyridyl alkyl, and the like.

"Heterocycle-heteroalkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroalkyl radical substituted with a heterocyclic ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably an aryl or cycloheteroalkyl; more preferably an aryl.

"Heteroatom" is a nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atom. Groups containing one or more heteroatoms may contain different heteroatoms.

"Heteroaikenyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted unsaturated chain radical having 3 to 8 members comprising carbon atoms and one or two heteroatoms. The chain has at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

"Heteroalkyl" is an unsubstituted or substituted saturated chain radical having 2 to 8 members comprising carbon atoms and one or two heteroatoms.

"Heterocyclic ring" is an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring radical comprised of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms in the ring. Heterocyclic rings are monocyclic or are fused, bridged or spiro polycyclic ring systems. Monocyclic heterocyclic rings contain 3 to 9 atoms, preferably 4 to 7 atoms. Polycyclic rings contain 7 to 17 atoms, preferably from 7 to 13 atoms.

"Heteroaryl" is an aromatic heterocyclic ring, either monocyclic or bicyclic radical. Preferred heteroaryl groups include (for example) thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl, and tetrazolyl, benzo thiazolyl, benzofuryl, indolyl and the like. Such groups may be substituted or unsubstituted.

"Halo", "halogen", or "halide" is a chloro, bromo, fluoro or iodo atom radical. Bromo, chloro and fluoro are preferred halides.

Also, as referred to herein, a "lower" hydrocarbon moiety (e.g., "lower" alkyl) is a hydrocarbon chain comprised of 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

A "pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable salt" is a cationic salt formed at any acidic (e.g., carboxyl) group, or an anionic salt formed at any basic (e.g., amino) group. Many such salts are known in the art, as described in World Patent Publication 87/05297, Johnston et al., published September 1 1, 1987 (incorporated by reference herein). Preferred cationic salts include the alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium), and alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium) and organic salts. Preferred anionic salts include the halides (such as chloride salts).

"Biohydrolyzable amides" are amides of the compounds of the invention that do not interfere with the inhibitory activity of the compound, or that are readily converted in vivo by a mammal subject to yield an active inhibitor.

A "biohydrolyzable hydroxy imide" is an imide of a Formula (I) compound that does not interfere with the metalloprotease inhibitory activity of these compounds, or that is readily

converted in vivo by a mammal subject to yield an active Formula (I) compound Such hydroxy imides include those that do not interfere with the biological activity of the Formula (I) compounds.

A "biohydrolyzable ester" refers to an ester of a Formula (I) compound that does not interfere with the metalloprotease inhibitory activity of these compounds or that is readily converted by an animal to yield an active Formula (I) compound

A "solvate" is a complex formed by the combination of a solute (e g , a metalloprotease inhibitor) and a solvent (e.g., water). See J Honig et al , The Van Nostrand Chemist's Dictionary, p. 650 ( 1953) Pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable solvents used according to this invention include those that do not interfere with the biological activity of the metalloprotease inhibitor (e g., water, ethanol, acetic acid, N,N-dιmethylformamιde and others known or readily determined by the skilled artisan).

"Optical isomer", "stereoisomer", "diastereomer" as referred to herein have the standard art recognized meanings (Cf , Hawlev's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 1 1th Ed )

The illustration of specific protected forms and other derivatives of the Formula (I) compounds is not intended to be limiting The application of other useful protecting groups, salt forms, etc is within the ability of the skilled artisan

As defined above and as used herein, substituent groups may themselves be substituted Such substitution may be with one or more substituents Such substituents include those listed in C Hansch and A Leo, Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology ( 1979), incoφorated by reference herem Preferred substituents include (for example) alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, nitro, amino, aminoalkyl (e g , a inomethyl, etc.), cyano, halo, carboxy, alkoxyaceyl (e g , carboethoxy, etc ), thiol, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl (e g , pipendinyl, moφho nyl, pyrrolidmyl, etc ), imino, thioxo, hydroxyalkyl, aryloxy, arylalkyi, and combinations thereof

As used herem, "mammalian metalloprotease" means any metal-containing enzyme found tn mammalian sources which is capable of catalyzing the breakdown of collagen, gelatin or proteoglycan under suitable assay conditions. Appropnate assay conditions can be found, for example, m U S. Pat No 4,743,587, which references the procedure of Cawston, et al , Anal Biochem (1979) 99 340-345, use of a synthetic substrate is descπbed by Weingarten, H , et al , Biochem Biophv Res Comm (1984) 139 1 184-1 187 Any standard method for analyzing the breakdown of these structural proteins can, of course, be used The metalloprotease enzymes referred to herem are all zinc-con tain in g proteases which are similar in structure to, for example, human stromelysin or skin fibroblast collagenase The ability of candidate compounds to inhibit metalloprotease activity can, of course, be tested in the assays descπbed above Isolated metalloprotease enzymes can be used to confirm the inhibiting activity of the invention compounds, or crude extracts which conta the range of enzymes capable of tissue breakdown can be used

Compounds:

Compounds of the invention are described in the Summary of the Invention. Preferred compounds of the invention are those in which Z is heterospiroalkylene, preferably having heteroatoms adjacent to the parent ring structure, more preferably such spiroheteroalkylenes have 4 to 5 members. Preferred heteroatoms are divalent.

The invention provides compounds which are useful as inhibitors of metalloproteases, preferably a matrix metalloproteases, and which are effective in treating conditions characterized by excess activity of diese enzymes. In particular, the present invention relates to a compound having a structure according to Formula (I)

wherein

R _j is H;

R2 is hydrogen, alkyl or acyl;

Ar is COR3 or SO2 4; and

R3 is alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino and alkylarylamino;

R4 is alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted;

X is O, S, SO, SO2, or NR5, wherein R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, aryl, SO2R0, COR7, CSRg, PO(Rcj)2 or may optionally form a ring with W; and

Rg is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino and alkylarylamino;

R7 is hydrogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino and alkylarylamino;

Rg is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino and alkylarylamino;

R9 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl;

W is hydrogen or one or more lower alkyl moieties, or is an alkylene, arylene, or heteroarylene bridge between two adjacent or nonadjacent carbons (thus forming a fused

Y is independently one or more of hydrogen, hydroxy, SRJQ, SOR4, SO2R4, alkoxy, amino, wherein amino is of formula NR _] ι,Ri2 _> wherein R _{] |} and R^ are independently

chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, aryl, SO2 6, COR7, CSRg, PO(R< ₎ )2, and

R _] ø is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl; Z is nil, a spiro moiety or an oxo group substituted on the heterocyclic ring.

This structure also mcludes an optical isomer, diastereomer or enantiomer for Formula (I), or a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable salt, or biohydrolyzable ester, amide, or imide thereof. Compound Preparation:

The hydroxamic compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared using a vaπety of procedures General schemes include the following. PREPARATION OF THE Y MOIETY

For the manipulation of Y it is understood that the skilled artisan may choose to prepare Y before, after or concurrent with the preparation of the heterocyclic πng. For clanty, the W and Z moiety are not shown below. More than one Y and Z may be present in the compounds of formula (I). For compounds where Y is not adjacent to the πng nitrogen, a preferred method of making the compounds is;

SCHEME I

Where R is a derivatizable group or can be manipulated or substituted, such compounds are known or are prepared by known methods. (A) is converted to its analogous sultamester and R is manipulated to give (B) during this or a subsequent step. Y and Z can be added or altered, followed by appropnate reaction to provide Ri . For example, this step may include treatment with hydroxyl amine under basic conditions to give a compound of formula I (C).

For the preparation and elaboration of the heterocyclic ring it is understood that the skilled artisan may choose to prepare Y before, after or concurrent with the preparation of the heterocyclic πng. For clanty, the W, Y, and Z moiety are not shown below More than one W, Y and Z may be present in the compounds of formula (I). For compounds where X is nitrogen, the preferred method for the manipulation of R5 is shown. In the scheme below, L is any acceptable leaving group, and B is a blocking group as above, Boc is an example of a preferred, and art recognized blocking group. The skilled artisan will recognize that the choice of blocking group is within the skill of the artisan working in organic chemistry Thus the choice of Boc is not required, but preferred.

SCHEME II For compounds containing a sulfur in the heterocyclic πng die preferred methods of πng formation are shown. For the preparation and elaboration of the heterocyclic πng it is understood that the skilled artisan may choose to prepare Y before, after or concurrent with the preparation of the heterocyclic πng For clanty, the W, Y, and Z moiety are not shown below More than one W, Y and Z may be present in the compounds of formula (I)

SCHEME HI Another acceptable strategy for making the invention having X as sulfur mcludes the followmg scheme. The method allows for formation of the sultamester and subsequent reaction with a bifunctional moiety. Preferably the OH descπbed in the scheme below is a primary hydroxyl Closure of the nng uses standard methods. Functionalization and elaboration of the molecule proceeds as descπbed above.

SCHEME IV

Where X is sulfur, further elaboration of the heterocyclic ring can be accomplished after the ring has been formed. For example, oxidation of the ring sulfur atom using known methods can provide the corresponding suifoxides and sulfones as shown.

SCHEME V For compounds containing an oxygen in the heterocyclic ring the preferred methods of ring formation are shown. A bifunctional moiety, for example a halo hydroxy species is reacted with an aziridine as shown below. The halo moiety serves as a leaving group, useful in the ring closure reactions. Upon formation of the ring, elaboration of the invention proceeds as described above.

PREPARATION OF THE Z MOIETY

Of course the skilled artisan will recognize that schemes applicable to the preparation of Y may be useful in the preparation of Z as noted above. Other preferred methods are provided for the reader.

Where Z is a ketal or thioketal the compounds of the invention may be prepared from a compound having a carbonyl in the ring. Such compounds are prepared by known methods, and many of such compounds are known or commercially available. Thus the skilled artisan will appreciate that a hydroxy, amino, imino, alkoxy, oxo or any other group that may be manipulated into a carbonyl compound. The order of elaborating the ketal, R _j or the sultamester may be changed.

A preferred method of making the spiro compounds of the invention is via a carbonyl compound, using "protecting group" technology known in the art, such as a thioketal or ketal, and the like. etals, acetals and the like are prepared from carbonyl compounds by methods known in the art. Such carbonyl compounds can be made of cyclic hydroxy alkylene amines via oxidation to a ketone, or of lactams, which provide for 2-amino spiro functionality.

A variety of compounds can be generated in a similar fashion, using the guidance of the scheme above.

In the above schemes, where R' is alkoxy or alkylthio, the corresponding hydroxy or thiol compounds are derived from the final compounds by using a standard dealkylating procedure (Bhatt, et al.. "Cleavage of Ethers", Synthesis. 1983, pp. 249-281 ).

These steps may be varied to increase yield of desired product. The skilled artisan will also recognize the judicious choice of reactants, solvents, and temperatures is an important component in successful synthesis. While the determination of optimal conditions, etc. is routine, it will be understood that to make a variety of compounds can be generated in a similar fashion, using the guidance of the scheme above.

The starting materials used in preparing the compounds of the invention are known, made by known methods, or are commercially available as a starting material.

It is recognized that the skilled artisan in the art of organic chemistry can readily carry out standard manipulations of organic compounds without further direction; that is, it is well within the scope and practice of the skilled artisan to carry out such manipulations. These include, but are not limited to, reduction of carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols, oxidations of hydroxy Is and the like, acylations, aromatic substitutions, both electrophilic and nucleophilic. etherifications, esterification and saponification and the like. Examples of these manipulations are discussed in standard texts such as March, Advanced Organic Chemistry (Wiley), Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry (Vol. 2) and Keeting, Heterocyclic Chemistry (all 17 volumes).

The skilled artisan will readily appreciate that certain reactions are best carried out when other functionality is masked or protected in the molecule, thus avoiding any undesirable side reactions and/or increasing the yield of the reaction. Often the skilled artisan utilizes protecting groups to accomplish such increased yields or to avoid the undesired reactions. These reactions are found in the literature and are also well within the scope of the skilled artisan. Examples of many of these manipulations can be found for example in T. Greene, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis. Of course, amino acids used as starting materials with reactive side chains are preferably blocked to prevent undesired side reactions.

The compounds of the invention may have one or more chiral centers. As a result, one may selectively prepare one optical isomer, including diastereomer and enantiomer, over another, for example by chiral starting materials, catalysts or solvents, or may prepare both stereoisomers or both optical isomers, including diastereomers and enantiomers at once (a racemic mixture). Since the compounds of the invention may exist as racemic mixtures, mixtures of optical isomers, including diastereomers and enantiomers, or stereoisomers may be separated using known methods, such as chiral salts, chiral chromatography and the like.

In addition, it is recognized that one optical isomer, including diastereomer and enantiomer, or stereoisomer may have favorable properties over the other. Thus when disclosing and claiming the invention, when one racemic mixture is disclosed, it is clearly contemplated that both optical

isomers, including diastereomers and enantiomers, or stereoisomers substantially free of the other are disclosed and claimed as well. Methods of use

Metalloproteases (MPs) found in the body operate, in part, by breaking down the extracellular matrix, which comprises extracellular proteins and glycoproteins. These proteins and glycoproteins play an important role in mamtaining the size, shape, structure and stability of tissue in the body. Inhibitors of metalloproteases are useful in treating diseases caused, at least in part, by breakdown of such proteins. It is known that MPs are intimately involved in tissue remodeling. As a result of this activity they have been said to be active in many disorders involving either the:

• breakdown of tissues; including degenerative diseases, such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis and the like; metastasis or mobility of tissues in the body:

• the remodeling of tissues, including fibrotic disease, scarring, benign hyperplasia, and the like. The compounds of the present invention treat disorders, diseases and/or unwanted conditions which are characterized by unwanted or elevated activity by that class of proteases. For example the compounds can be used to inhibit proteases which

• destroy structural proteins (i.e. the proteins that maintain tissue stability and structure);

• interfere in inter/ intracellular signaling, including those implicated in cytokine up-regulation, and/or cytokine processing and or inflammation, tissue degradation and other maladies [Mohler KM, et al, Nature 370 (1994) 218-220, Gearing AJH, et al, Nature 370 (1994) 555-557 McGeehan GM, et al, Nature 370 (1994) 558-561], and/or

• facilitate processes which are undesired in the subject being treated, for example, the processes of sperm maturation, egg fertilization and the like.

As used herein, a "MP related disorder" or "a MP related disease" is one that involves unwanted or elevated MP activity in the biological manifestation of the disease or disorder; in the biological cascade leading to the disorder; or as a symptom of the disorder. This "involvement" of the MP includes;

• The unwanted or elevated MP activity as a "cause" of the disorder or biological manifestation, whether the activity is elevated genetically, by infection, by autoimmunity, trauma, biomechanical causes, lifestyle [e.g. obesity] or by some other cause;

• The MP as part of the observable manifestation of the disease or disorder. That is, the disease or disorder is measurable in terms of the increased MP activity, or from a clinical standpoint, unwanted or elevated MP levels indicate the disease. MPs need not be the "hallmark" of the disease or disorder;

• The unwanted or elevated MP activity is part of the biochemical or cellular cascade that results or relates to the disease or disorder. In this respect, inhibition of the MP activity interrupts the cascade, and thus controls the disease.

Advantageously, many MPs are not distributed evenly throughout the body. Thus the distribution of MPs expressed in various tissues are often specific to those tissues. For example, the distribution of metalloproteases implicated in the breakdown of tissues in the joints, is not the same as the distribution of metalloproteases found in other tissues. Thus, though not essential for activity or efficacy, certain disorders preferably are treated with compounds that act on specific MPs found in the affected tissues or regions of the body. For example, a compound which displays a higher degree of affinity and inhibition for a MP found in the joints (e.g. chondrocytes) would be preferred for treatment of disease found there than other compounds which are less specific.

In addition, certain inhibitors are more bioavailable to certain tissues than others, and this judicious choice of inhibitor, with the selectivity described above provides for specific treatment of the disorder, disease or unwanted condition. For example, compounds of this invention vary in their ability to penetrate into the central nervous system. Thus compounds may be selected to produce effects mediated through MPs found specifically outside the central nervous system.

Determination of the specificity of a MP inhibitor of a certain MP is within the skill of the artisan in that field. Appropriate assay conditions can be found in the literature. Specifically assays are known for stromelysin and collagenase. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,587 references the procedure of Cawston, et al., Anal Biochem (1979) 99:340-345. The use of a synthetic substrate in an assay is described by Weingarten, H., et al., Biochem Biophv Res Comm (1984) 139:1184-1 187. Any standard method for analyzing the breakdown of structural proteins by MPs can, of course, be used. The ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit metalloprotease activity can, of course, be tested in the assays found in the literature, or variations thereof. Isolated metalloprotease enzymes can be used to confirm the inhibiting activity of the invention compounds, or crude extracts which contain the range of enzymes capable of tissue breakdown can be used.

As a result of the MP inhibitory effect of the compounds of the invention, the compounds of the invention are also useful in treating the following disorders by virtue of their metalloprotease activity.

The compounds of this invention are also useful for the prophylactic or acute treatment. They are administered in any way the skilled artisan in the fields of medicine or pharmacology would desire. It is immediately apparent to the skilled artisan that preferred routes of administration will depend upon the disease state being treated, and the dosage form chosen. Preferred routes for systemic administration include administration perorally or parenterally.

However, the skilled artisan will readily appreciate the advantage of administering the MP inhibitor directly to the affected area for many disorders. For example, it may be advantageous to administer MP inhibitors directly to the area of the disease or condition as in area affected by surgical trauma (e. g., angioplasty), area affected by scarring or bum (e.g., topical to the skin),

Because the remodeling of bone involves MPs, the compounds of the invention are useful in preventing prosthesis loosening. It is known in the art that over time prostheses loosen, become

painful, and may result in further bone injury, thus demanding replacement. The need for replacement of such prostheses includes those such as in, joint replacements (for example hip, knee and shoulder replacements), dental prosthesis, including dentures, bridges and prosthesis secured to the maxilla and/or mandible.

MPs are also active in remodeling of the cardiovascular system (for example, in congestive heart failure). It has been suggested that one of the reasons angioplasty has a higher than expected long term failure rate (reclosure over time) is that MP activity is not desired or is elevated in response to what may be recognized by the body as "injury" to the basement membrane of the vessel. Thus regulation of MP activity in indications such as dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, reperfusion injury, ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, angioplasty restenosis and aortic aneurysm may increase long term success of any other treatment, or may be a treatment in itself.

In skin care, MPs are implicated in the remodeling or "turnover" of skin. As a result, the regulation of MPs improves treatment of skin conditions including but not limited to, wrinkle repair, regulation and prevention and repair of ultraviolet induced skin damage. Such a treatment includes prophylactic treatment or treatment before the physiological manifestations are obvious. For example, the MP may be applied as a pre-exposure treatment to prevent ultraviolet, damage and/or during or after exposure to prevent or minimize post-exposure damage. In addition, MPs are implicated in skin disorders and diseases related to abnormal tissues that result from abnormal turnover, which includes metalloprotease activity, such as epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis, scleroderma and atopic dermatitis. The compounds of the invention are also useful for treating the consequences of "normal" injury to the skin including scarring or "contraction" of tissue, for example, following burns. MP inhibition is also useful in surgical procedures involving the skin for prevention of scarring, and promotion of normal tissue growth including in such applications as limb reattachment and refractory surgery (whether by laser or incision).

In addition, MPs are related to disorders involving irregular remodeling of other tissues, such as bone, for example, in otosclerosis and/or osteoporosis, or for specific organs, such as in liver cirrhosis and fibrotic lung disease. Similarly in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, MPs may be involved in the irregular modeling of blood brain barrier and or myelin sheauis of nervous tissue. Thus regulating MP activity may be used as a strategy in treating, preventing, and controlling such diseases.

MPs are also thought to be involved in many infections, including cytomegalovirus; [CMV] retinitis; HIV, and the resulting syndrome, AIDS.

MPs may also be involved in extra vascularization where surrounding tissue needs to be broken down to allow new blood vessels such as in angiofibroma and hemangioma.

Since MPs break down the extracellular matrix, it is contemplated that inhibitors of these enzymes can be used as birth control agents, for example in preventing ovulation, in preventing

penetration of the sperm into and through the extracellular milieu of the ovum, implantation of the fertilized ovum and in preventing sperm maturation.

In addition they are also contemplated to be useful in preventing or stopping premature labor and delivery.

Since MPs are implicated in the inflammatory response, and in the processing of cytokines the compounds are also useful as anti-inflammatories, for use in disease where inflammation is prevalent including, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, diverticuiitis, asthma or related lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and Reiter's Syndrome.

Where autoimmunity is the cause of the disorder, the immune response often triggers MP and cytokine activity. Regulation of MPs in treating such autoimmune disorders is a useful treatment strategy. Thus MP inhibitors can be used for treating disorders including, lupus erythmatosis, ankylosing spondyiitis, and autoimmune keratitis. Sometimes the side effects of autoimmune therapy result in exacerbation of other conditions mediated by MPs, here MP inhibitor therapy is effective as well, for example, in autoimmune-therapy-induced fibrosis.

In addition, other fibrotic diseases lend themselves to this type of therapy, including pulmonary disease, bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (especially the acute phase response).

Where MPs are implicated in the undesired breakdown of tissue by exogenous agents, these can be treated with MP inhibitors. For example, they are effective as rattle snake bite antidote, as anti-vessicants, in treating allergic inflammation, septicemia and shock. In addition, they are useful as antiparasitics (e.g., in malaria) and antiinfectives. For example, they are thought to be useful in treating or preventing viral infection, including infection which would result in herpes, "cold" (e.g., rhinoviral infection), meningitis, hepatitis, HIV infection and AIDS.

MP inhibitors are also thought to be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), muscular dystrophy, complications resulting from or arising out of diabetes, especially those involving loss of tissue viability, coagulation, Graft vs. Host disease, leukemia, cachexia, anorexia, prσteinuria, and perhaps regulation of hair growth.

For some diseases, conditions or disorders MP inhibition is contemplated to be a preferred method of treatment. Such diseases, conditions or disorders include, arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumitoid arthritis), cancer (especially the prevention or arrest of tumor growth and metastasis), ocular disorders (especially corneal ulceration, lack of corneal healing, macular degeneration, and pterygium), and gum disease (especially periodontal disease, and gingivitis)

Compounds preferred for, but not limited to, the treatment of arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) are those compounds that are selective for the metalloproteases and the disintegrin metalloproteases.

Compounds preferred for, but not limited to, the treatment of cancer (especially the prevention or arrest of tumor growth and metastasis) are those compounds that preferentially inhibit gelatinases or type IV collagenases.

Compounds preferred for, but not limited to, the treatment of ocular disorders (especially co eal ulceration, lack of comeal healing, macular degeneration, and pterygium) are those compounds that broadly inhibit metalloproteases. Preferably these compounds are administered topically, more preferably as a drop or gel.

Compounds preferred for, but not limited to, the treatment of gum disease (especially periodontal disease, and gingivitis) are those compounds that preferentially inhibit collagenases. Compositions:

The compositions of the invention comprise:

(a) a safe and effective amount of a compound of Formula (I); and

(b) a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carrier.

As discussed above, numerous diseases are known to be mediated by excess or undesired metalloprotease activity. These include tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, skin inflammation, ulcerations, particularly of the cornea, reaction to infection, periodontitis and the like. Thus, the compounds of the invention are useful in therapy with regard to conditions involving this unwanted activity.

The invention compounds can therefore be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for use in treatment or prophylaxis of these conditions. Standard pharmaceutical formulation techniques are used, such as those disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., latest edition.

A "safe and effective amount" of a Formula (I) compound is an amount that is effective, to inhibit metalloproteases at the site(s) of activity, in a mammal subject, without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, or allergic response), commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in the manner of this invention. The specific "safe and effective amount" will, obviously, vary with such factors as the particular condition being treated, the physical condition of the patient, the duration of treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy (if any), the specific dosage form to be used, the carrier employed, the solubility of the Formula (I) compound therein, and the dosage regimen desired for the composition.

In addition to the subject compound, the compositions of the subject invention contain a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carrier. The term "pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carrier", as used herein, means one or more compatible solid or liquid filler diluents or encapsulating substances which are suitable for administration to a mammal. The term "compatible", as used herein, means that the components of the composition are capable of being commingled with the subject compound, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction which would substantially reduce the

pharmaceutical efficacy of the composition under ordinary use situations Pharmaceuticaliy- acceptable carriers must, of course, be of sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the ammal, preferably mammal being treated

Some examples of substances which can serve as pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earners or components thereof are sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as com starch and potato starch, cellulose and its deπvanves, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose, powdered tragacanth; malt, gelatm, talc, solid lubncants, such as steaπc acid and magnesium stearate; calcium sulfate; vegetable oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, com oil and oil of theobroma, polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol; alginic acid; emuisifiers, such as the TWEENS, wetting agents, such sodium lauryl sulfate; coloring agents; flavoring agents; tableting agents, stabilizers, antioxidants; preservatives; pyrogen-free water; isotonic sal e, and phosphate buffer solutions

The choice of a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner to be used in conjunction with the subject compound is basically determined by the way the compound is to be administered

If the subject compound is to be injected, the preferred pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner is steπle, physiological sal e, with blood-compatible suspending agent, the pH of which has been adjusted to about 74

In particular, pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carriers for systemic administration include sugars, starches, cellulose and its derivatives, malt, gelatin, talc, calcium sulfate, vegetable oils, synthetic oils, polyols, alginic acid, phosphate buffer solutions, emuisifiers, isotonic saline, and pyrogen-free water Preferred earners for parenteral administration include propylene glycol, ethyl oleate, pyrroiidone, ethanol, and sesame oil Preferably, the pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carrier, in compositions for parenteral administration, comprises at least about 90% by weight of the total composition

The compositions of this invention are preferably provided in unit dosage form As used herein, a "unit dosage form" is a composition of this invention containing an amount of a Formula (I) compound that is suitable for administration to a am al, preferably mammal subject, in a single dose, according to good medical practice. These compositions preferably contain from about 5 mg (milligrams) to about 1000 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 500 mg, more preferably from about 10 mg to about 300 mg, of a Formula (I) compound

The compositions of this invention may be in any of a variety of forms, suitable (for example) for oral, rectal, topical, nasal, ocular or parenteral administration Depending upon the particular route of administration desired, a variety of pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carriers well-known in the art may be used. These include solid or liquid fillers, diluents, hydrotropes, surface-active agents, and encapsulating substances Optional pharmaceutically-active materials may be included, which do not substantially interfere with the inhibitory activity of the Formula (I) compound The amount of carrier employed m conjunction with the Formula

(I) compound is sufficient to provide a practical quantity of material for administration per unit dose of the Formula (I) compound Techniques and compositions for making dosage forms useful in the methods of this invention are described in the following references, all incorporated by reference herein Mode Pharmaceutics. Chapters 9 and 10 (Banker & Rhodes, editors, 1979), Lieberman et al , Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Tablets (1981 ), and Ansel, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms 2d Edition ( 1976)

In addition to the subject compound, the compositions of the subject invention contain a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner The term "pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner", as used herem, means one or more compatible solid or liquid filler diluents or encapsulatmg substances which are suitable for administration to a ammal, preferably mammal. The term "compatible", as used herem, means that the components of the composition are capable of bemg commingled with the subject compound, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction which would substantially reduce the pharmaceutical efficacy of the composition under ordinary use situations Pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earners must, of course, be of sufficiently high puπty and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the ammal, preferably mammal bemg treated

Some examples of substances which can serve as pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earners or components thereof are sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose, starches, such as com starch and potato starch, cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose, powdered tragacanth, malt, gelatm, talc, solid lubricants, such as steaπc acid and magnesium stearate. calcium sulfate, vegetable oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, com oil and oil of theobroma, polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol, alginic acid, emuisifiers, such as the TWEENS, wetting agents, such sodium lauryl sulfate, coloring agents, flavoring agents, tableting agents, stabilizers, antioxidants; preservatives, pyrogen-free water, isotonic salme, and phosphate buffer solutions

The choice of a pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner to be used in conjunction with the sub _j ect compound is basically determined by the way the compound is to be administered

If the sub _j ect compound is to be mjected, the preferred pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable earner is steπle, physiological salme, with blood-compatible suspending agent, the pH of which has been adjusted to about 7 4

Various oral dosage forms can be used, including such solid forms as tablets, capsules, granules and bulk powders These oral forms comprise a safe and effective amount, usually at least about 5%, and preferably from about 25% to about 50%, of the Formula (I) compound Tablets can be compressed, tablet triturates, enteric-coated, sugar-coated, film-coated or multiple-compressed, containing suitable binders, lubricants, diluents, disintegrating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flow-inducing agents, and melting agents Liquid oral dosage forms include aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, solutions and/or suspensions

reconstituted from non-effervescent granules, and effervescent preparations reconstituted from effervescent granules, containing suitable solvents, preservatives, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, diluents, sweeteners, melting agents, coloring agents and flavoring agents.

The pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carrier suitable for the preparation of unit dosage forms for peroral administration are well-known in the art. Tablets typically comprise conventional pharmaceutical ly-compatible adjuvants as inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, mannitol, lactose and cellulose; binders such as starch, gelatin and sucrose; disintegrants such as starch, alginic acid and croscarmelose; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid and talc. Glidants such as silicon dioxide can be used to improve flow characteristics of the powder mixture. Coloring agents, such as the FD&C dyes, can be added for appearance. Sweeteners and flavoring agents, such as aspartame, saccharin, menthol, peppermint, and fruit flavors, are useful adjuvants for chewable tablets. Capsules typically comprise one or more solid diluents disclosed above. The selection of carrier components depends on secondary considerations like taste, cost, and shelf stability, which are not critical for the purposes of the subject invention, and can be readily made by a person skilled in the art.

Peroral compositions also include liquid solutions, emulsions, suspensions, and the like. The pharmaceuticaliy-acceptable carriers suitable for preparation of such compositions are well known in the art. Typical components of carriers for syrups, elixirs, emulsions and suspensions include ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, liquid sucrose, sorbitol and water. For a suspension, typical suspending agents include methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, AVICEL RC-591, tragacanth and sodium alginate; typical wetting agents include lecithin and polysorbate 80; and typical preservatives include methyl paraben and sodium benzoate. Peroral liquid compositions may also contain one or more components such as sweeteners, flavoring agents and colorants disclosed above.

Such compositions may also be coated by conventional methods, typically with pH or time- dependent coatings, such that the subject compound is released in the gastrointestinal tract in the vicinity of the desired topical application, or at various times to extend the desired action. Such dosage forms typically include, but are not limited to, one or more of cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, ethyl cellulose, Eudragit coatings, waxes and shellac.

Compositions of the subject invention may optionally include other drug actives.

Other compositions useful for attaining systemic delivery of the subject compounds include sublingual, buccal and nasal dosage forms. Such compositions typically comprise one or more of soluble filler substances such as sucrose, sorbitol and mannitol; and binders such as acacia, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Glidants, lubricants, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants and flavoring agents disclosed above may also be included.

The compositions of this invention can also be administered topically to a subject, e.g., by the direct laying on or spreading of the composition on the epidermal or epithelial tissue of the subject, or transdermally via a "patch". Such compositions include, for example, lotions, creams, solutions, gels and solids. These topical compositions preferably comprise a safe and effective amount, usually at least about 0.1%, and preferably from about 1% to about 5%, of the Formula (I) compound. Suitable carriers for topical administration preferably remain in place on the skin as a continuous film, and resist being removed by perspiration or immersion in water. Generally, the carrier is organic in nature and capable of having dispersed or dissolved therein the Formula (I) compound. The carrier may include pharmaceuticaliy- acceptable emolients, emuisifiers, thickening agents, solvents and the like. Methods of Administration:

This invention also provides methods of treating or preventing disorders associated with excess or undesired metalloprotease activity in an animal, preferably mammal subject, by administering a safe and effective amount of a Formula (I) compound to said subject. As used herein, a "disorder associated with excess or undesired metalloprotease activity" is any disorder characterized by degradation of proteins. The methods of the invention are useful in treating disorders such as (for example) osteoarthritis, periodontitis, co eal ulceration, tumor invasion, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The Formula (I) compounds and compositions of this invention can be administered topically or systemically. Systemic application includes any method of introducing Formula (I) compound into the tissues of the body, e.g., intra-articular (especially in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis), intrathecal, epidural, intramuscular, transdermal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, sublingual, rectal, and oral administration. The Formula (I) compounds of the present invention are preferably administered orally.

The specific dosage of inhibitor to be administered, as well as the duration of treatment, and whether the treatment is topical or systemic are interdependent. The dosage and treatment regimen will also depend upon such factors as the specific Formula (I) compound used, the treatment indication, the ability of the Formula (I) compound to reach minimum inhibitory concentrations at the site of the metalloprotease to be inhibited, the personal attributes of the subject (such as weight), compliance with the treatment regimen, and the presence and severity of any side effects of the treatment.

Typically, for a human adult (weighing approximately 70 kilograms), from about 5 mg to about 3000 mg, more preferably from about 5 mg to about 1000 mg, more preferably from about 10 mg to about 100 mg, of Formula (I) compound are administered per day for systemic administration. It is understood that these dosage ranges are by way of example only, and that daily administration can be adjusted depending on the factors listed above.

A preferred method of administration for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is oral or parenterally via intra-articular injection. As is known and practiced in the art, all formulations for parenteral administration must be sterile. For mammals, especially humans, (assuming an approximate body weight of 70 kilograms) individual doses of from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg are preferred.

A preferred method of systemic administration is oral. Individual doses of from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 10 mg to about 300 mg are preferred.

Topical administration can be used to deliver the Formula (I) compound systemically, or to treat a subject locally. The amounts of Formula (I) compound to be topically administered depends upon such factors as skin sensitivity, type and location of the tissue to be treated, the composition and carrier (if any) to be administered, the particular Formula (I) compound to be administered, as well as the particular disorder to be treated and the extent to which systemic (as distinguished from local) effects are desired.

The inhibitors of the invention can be targeted to specific locations where the metalloprotease is accumulated by using targeting ligands. For example, to focus the inhibitors to metalloprotease contained in a tumor, the inhibitor is conjugated to an antibody or fragment thereof which is immunoreactive with a tumor marker as is generally understood in the preparation of immunotoxins in general. The targeting ligand can also be a ligand suitable for a receptor which is present on the tumor. Any targeting ligand which specifically reacts with a marker for the intended target tissue can be used. Methods for coupling the invention compound to the targeting ligand are well known and are similar to those described below for coupling to carrier. The conjugates are formulated and administered as described above.

For localized conditions, topical administration is preferred. For example, to treat ulcerated cornea, direct application to the affected eye may employ a formulation as eyedrops or aerosol. For comeal treatment, the compounds of the invention can also be formulated as gels, drops or ointments, or can be incoφorated into collagen or a hydrophilic polymer shield. The materials can also be inserted as a contact lens or reservoir or as a subconjunctival formulation. For treatment of skin inflammation, the compound is applied locally and topically, in a gel, paste, salve or ointment. The mode of treatment thus reflects the nature of the condition and suitable formulations for any selected route are available in the art.

In all of the foregoing, of course, the compounds of the invention can be administered alone or as mixtures, and the compositions may further include additional drugs or excipients as appropriate for the indication.

Some of the compounds of the invention also inhibit bacterial metalloproteases although generally at a lower level than that exhibited with respect to mammalian metalloproteases. Some bacterial metalloproteases seem to be less dependent on the stereochemistry of the inhibitor, whereas substantial differences are found between diastereomers in their ability to inactivate the mammalian

proteases. Thus, this pattern of activity can be used to distinguish between the mammalian and bacteπal enzymes.

Preparation and Use of Antibodies'

The mvention compounds can also be utilized in immunization protocols to obtain antisera lmmunospecific for the mvention compounds. As the mvention compounds are relatively small, they are advantageously coupled to antigenically neutral earners such as the conventionally used keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or serum albumin earners. For those mvention compounds having a carboxyl functionality, coupling to earner can be done by methods generally known in the art. For example, the carboxyl residue can be reduced to an aldehyde and coupled to earner through reaction with sidechain amino groups in protein-based earners, optionally followed by reduction of imino linkage formed. The carboxyl residue can also be reacted with sidechain ammo groups usmg condensing agents such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide or other carbodiimide dehydrating agents.

Linker compounds can also be used to effect the couplmg; both homobifunctional and heterobifunctional linkers are available from Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford, 111. The resulting lmmunogenic complex can then be mjected to suitable mammalian subjects such as mice, rabbits, and the like. Suitable protocols involve repeated injection of the unmunogen in the presence of adjuvants according to a schedule which boosts production of antibodies in the serum. The titers of the immune serum can readily be measured usmg immunoassay procedures, now standard in the art, employing the invention compounds as antigens.

The antisera obtained can be used directly or monoclonal antibodies may be obtained by harvesting the peπpheral blood lymphocytes or the spleen of the immunized animal and immortalizing the antibody-producing cells, followed by identifying the suitable antibody producers usmg standard immunoassay techniques.

The polyclonal or monoclonal preparations are then useful m monitoring therapy or prophylaxis regimens involving the compounds of the mvention. Suitable samples such as those denved from blood, serum, urine, or saliva can be tested for the presence of the administered inhibitor at vanous times during the treatment protocol using standard immunoassay techniques which employ the antibody preparations of the invention.

The invention compounds can also be coupled to labels such as scintigraphic labels, e.g., technetium 99 or 1-131, using standard coupling methods. The labeled compounds are administered to subjects to determine the locations of excess amounts of one or more metalloproteases in vivo. The ability of the inhibitors to selectively bind metalloprotease is thus taken advantage of to map the distnbution of these enzymes in situ. The techniques can also be employed in histological procedures and the labeled invention compounds can be used in competitive immunoassays.

The following non-limiting examples illustrate the compounds, compositions, and uses of the present invention.

Examples

Compounds are analyzed using Η and '^C NMR, Elemental analysis, mass spectra and/or IR spectra, as appropπate.

Typically inert solvents are used, preferably in dried form. For example, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is distilled from sodium and benzophenone, diisopropylamine is distilled from calcium hydride and all other solvents are purchased as the appropriate grade. Chromatography is performed on silica gel (70 - 230 mesh; Aldrich) or (230 - 400 mesh; Merck) as appropriate. Thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC) is performed on glass mounted silica gel plates (200 - 300 mesh; Baker) and visualized with UV or 5% phosphomolybdic acid in EtOH.

EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of N-hydroxy l-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperaziπ e 2- carboxamide

la. l-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-pipera ziπe-2-carboxylic acid: To a solution of piperazine-2-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride (3 g, 14.8 mmol) in 30 mL of /?-dioxane and 15 mL of water, is added slowly aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.6 L 50% w/w, 29.6 mmol), followed by di-/er/-butyl dicarbonate (3.6 g, 16.3 mmol). After 5 h, triethyl amine (4.1 mL, 29.6 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.18 g, 1.48 mmol) and 4-methoxyphenyl sulfonyl chloride (3.0 g, 14.8 mmol) are added, and the reaction is stirred overnight. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, and partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer (2 x 100 mL) is washed with brine, dried over MgSO filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a solid. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 418 (M ⁺ + NH4), 401 (M ⁺ + H). lb. Methyl ester of l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride: To a solution of ljV-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4^-(/c?r/-butoxycarbonyl)-pipe razine-2-carboxylic acid (19.6 g, 48.9 mmol) in 100 mL of methanol, is added thionyl chloride (36 mL, 493 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight and then is concentrated

under reduced pressure to a solid residue, which is triturated with 5% methanol/hexane to give the title compound as a solid CI ⁺ MS m/z 315 (M ⁺ + H) lc. Methyl ester of l-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-4-benzyloxy carbonyl-pιperazιne-2- carboxylic acid: To a solution of methyl ester of lΛ ^r -(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazme-2- carboxylic acid hydrochlonde (1 2 g, 3 42 mmol), methyl amme ( 1 42 mL, 10 26 mmol) and DMAP (41 mg, 0 34 mmol) in 5 mL of water and 5 mL of p-dioxane, is added benzyl chloroformate (0 67 mL, 4 45 mmol) dropwise at room temperature The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, IN NaOH, water and brine, dπed over MgS04, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc (2 1)) to give the title compound as an oil CI ⁺ MS m z 466 (M ⁺ + NH4), 449 (M ⁺ + H)

Id. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-4-benzyloxycarbonyl-pιperazι ne 2- carboxamide: The methyl ester (0 58 g, 1 29 mmol) is mixed with NH2OK (6 ml, 10 mmol, 1 7 M m methanol, solution prepared as descnbed in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature Silica gel (1 5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 1 0 % EtOAc followed by 5% CH3OH / EtOAc to give the title compound as a foamy solid Ion spray MS m/z 472 (M ⁺ + Na), 450 (M ⁺ + H)

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-methyl pιperazιne-2- carboxamide

1b 2a 2b 2 a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-πιethyl pιperazιnee--22--ccaarrbbooxxyyllaattee:: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazme-2-carboxyhc acid hydrochlonde lb (1 2 g, 3 4 mmol), sodium acetate (0 84 g, 10 26 mmol) in 10 mL of ethanol, is added paraformaldehyde (0 21 g, 6 84 mmol), followed by sodium cyanoborohydnde (0 45 g, 6 84 mmol) slowly at room temperature The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and stirred in 1 N HCl for 30 mm The mixture is made basic by 1 N NaOH, and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 80 mL) in the presence of some solid NaCl The EtOAc layer is washed with brine, dπed over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under

reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel usmg EtOAc as elute to give the title compound. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 329 (M ⁺ + H).

2b. ;V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-methyi piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester (0.45 g, 1.37 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (6 mL, 10.2 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature.. Silica ( 1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with CH ₃ OH / EtOAc (1 :5) to the desired product as a thick oil. Ion spray MS: m/z 352 (M ⁺ + Na), 330 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of A ^r -Hydroxy-//V-(4-Methox phenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-morpholinecarbon I pjperazine-

2-carboxamide

3a 3b

3a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-morpholinecarbonyl-piperaz ine-2- carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (1.2 g, 3.42 mmol), triediyl amine (1.42 mL, 10.26 mmol) and DMAP (41 mg, 0.34 mmol) in 7 mL of CH ₂ C1 ₂ , 4 mL of water and 3 mL of p-dioxane, is added 4- moφholinecarbonyl chloride (0.52 mL, 4.45 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (EtOAc) to give the title compound as an oil. Cl* MS: m/z 428 (M* + H). 3b. V-Hydroιy-/Λ ^r -(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-morpholinecarbonyl piperazine-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester (0.75 g, 1.75 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (8.2 mL, 14 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. Silica gel (1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 15% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the title compound. Ion spray MS: m z 451 (M ⁺ + Na), 429 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 4

Preparation of /V-Hydroxy-l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-benzyl-piperazi ne-2- carboxamide

4a 4b

4a. Methyl liV-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -benzyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of W-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazme-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochloride lb (1.2 g, 3.42 mmol) and triethyl amine (1.42 mL, 10.26 mmol) in 8 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added benzyl bromide (0.5 mL, 4.1 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stuτed ovemight at room temperature The reaction mixture ts concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with bnne, dπed over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is puπfied by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc 1 : 1) to give the title compound as a solid C\ ^* MS: m z 405 (M ⁺ + H).

4b. A ^r -Hydroxy-l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-benzyl-pipe razine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester (0.42 g, 1.04 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (4.9 mL, 8.3 mmol, 1 7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Silica gel (1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with hexane / EtOAc (1 : 1) to give the desired product. Ion spray MS: m z 428 (M ⁺ + Na), 406 (M ⁺ + H)

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy-//V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-nicotinoyl-pipe razine-2-

5a 5b

5a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-nicotinoyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of lΛ ^r -(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperaz e-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochlonde (1.2 g, 3 4 mmol), methyl amine ( 1 9 mL, 13 6 mmol) in 4 mL of water and 3 mL of p-dioxane, is added nicotmoyl chloride hydrochlonde (0.73 g, 4 1 mmol) dropwise at room

temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and H ₂ 0. The EtOAc layer is washed with H ₂ 0 and brine, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound, which is purified by eluting with EtOAc on silica gel to give the title compound. CI ⁺ MS: m z 419 (M ⁺ + H).

5b. jV-Hydroxy-7 V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-nicotinoyl-piperazine-2-carb oxamide hydrochloride: The methyl ester (0.4 g, 0.95 mmol) is mixed with NH?OK (4.5 mL, 7.6 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Silica (1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with CHjOH / EtOAc (1 :3). The product is diluted with EtOAc, followed by addition of IN HCl (anhydrous, in Et 0) slowly. The solid formed is filtered to give the desired product. Ion spray MS: m z 443 (M ⁺ + Na), 421 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 6

Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-n-hexanoyl-piperazine-2- carboxamide

6a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-n-hexanoyi-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of lιV-(4-memoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (1.2 g, 3.42 mmol) and trietiiyl amine (1.42 mL, 10.26 mmol) in 5 mL of water and 5 mL of p-dioxane, is added hexano l chloride (0.62 mL, 4.42 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 4I3 (M ⁺ + H).

6b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-n-hexanoyl-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester (0.88 g, 2.1 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (10 mL, 17.1 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature.. Silica gel (2 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product as a solid. Ion spray MS: m z 436 (M* + Na), 414 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of V-Hydroxy lΛ'-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfony l-4 V-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine-2- carboxamide

7a. Methyl lιV-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazi ne-2-carboιylate:

To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piρerazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (1.2 g, 3.42 mmol) and triethyl amine (1.42 mL, 10.26 mmol) in 8 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added l-bromo-3-phenylpropane (0.62 mL, 4.1 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated to an oil. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1:1) to give the title compound. CV MS: m z 433 (M ⁺ + H).

7b. Λ/-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-pheπylpropyl)-piperazi ne-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 7a (0.42 g, 0.97 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (4.6 mL, 7.8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature.. Silica (1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc / hexane ( 1 : 1 ) to give the desired product. Ion spray MS: m z 456 (M ⁺ + Na), 434 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -(n-hexylaminocarbony l - piperazine-2-carboxamide

8a 8b

8a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(n-hexyl amino carbonyl)-piperazine-2- carboxyiate: To a solution of methyl ester of l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol) and triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol) in 12 mL of dichloroethane, is added n-hexyl isocyanate (0.92 mL, 6.27 mmol) dropwise at room temperature.

The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dπed over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1 : 1 ) to give the title compound as an oil. C MS: m z 442 (M ⁺ + H). 8b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(n-hexylaminocarbonyl)-piper azine-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 8a (0.7 g, 1.58 mmol) is mixed with NH _j OK (10 mL, 15 8 mmol, 1.7 M in med anol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature.. Silica (1.5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m z 465 (M* + Na), 443 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 9

Preparation of V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyi)sulfonyl-4jV-(adaιπantyi ammo carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

9a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(adamanryl amino carbonyl)-piperazine-2- carboxylate: To a solution of me yl ester of l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazιne-2- carboxyiic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol) m 10 mL of water and 10 mL of p-dioxane, is added I -adamantyl isocyanate ( 1.1 g, 6.4 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1 1) to give me title compound as a thick oil. CI ⁺ MS: m z 412 (M ⁺ + H). 9b. jV-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxypheπyl)sulfoπyl-4/V-(adamantyl amino carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 9a ( 1.1 g, 2.2 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK ( 1 1 mL, 18 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. Silica gel (3 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product as a white foamy solid. Ion spray MS' m z 515 (M* + NH ₄ ), 493 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 10

Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(2-phenylethyl)amιnocarbo nyl- piperazine-2-ca rboxa m ide

10a 10b

10a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(2-phenylethyI)aminocarbonyl-piperazine-2- carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazme-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (1.05 g, 3 mmol), tnethyl amme (1.25 mL, 9 mmol) in 5 mL of water and 5 mL of p-dioxane, is added phenylethyl isocyanate (0.51 mL, 3.59 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dπed over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 462 (M ⁺ + H)

10b. /V-Hydroxy |jV-(4-Methoxypheπyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(2-phenylethyl)amιnocarbonyl- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 10a (0.42 g, 0.97 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (4.6 mL, 7.8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. Silica ( 1 5 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc / hexane (1.1) to give the desired product. Ion spray MS: m z 485 (M ⁺ + Na), 463 (M ⁺

+ H).

EXAMPLE 11

Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(2,6-dichloropyridyl-4- aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

11a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)suifonyi-4 V-(2,6-dichloropyridyl-4-amino carbonyl- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- pιperazιne-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochlonde lb (2 g, 5 7 mmol), triethyl amme (2.4 mL, 17 1 mmol) in 3 mL of water and 10 mL of p-dioxane, is added 2,6-dιchloropyπdyl-4-ιsocyanate ( 1 0 g, 6 4 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The

reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 0. IN HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1 : 1 ) to give the title compound as an oil. CP MS: m z 503 (M ⁺ + H). l ib. /V-Hydroxy V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -(2,6-dichloropyridyl-4-aminocarbonyl - piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester Ha (0.43 g, 0.85 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (4 mL, 6.8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Silica gel (-1 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product as a white foamy solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 503.8 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl~4/V-phenoxy acetyl-piperazine-2- carboxamide

12a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-pheπoxy acetyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate:

To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)su)fonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol) in 3 mL of water and 8 L of p-dioxane, is added phenoxyacetyl chloride (1.0 mL, 7.4 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mbcture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 3:2) to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 449 (M ⁺ + H).

12b. V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-phenoxy aceryl-piperazine-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 12a (1 g, 2.23 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (13 mL, 22.3 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Acidified with glacial acetic acid to pH = 5, then silica gel (-2 g) is added to the mixture and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m z 467 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 450 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(3-methoxyphenylamino- carbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

13a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-methoxyphenylaminocarbony l)- piperazine-2-car boxy late: To a solution of metiiyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- pιperazιne-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochloride lb (2.0 g, 5.7 mmol), methyl amme (2.4 mL, 17 1 mmoi) in 3 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 3-methoxyphenyl isocyanate (0.98 mL, 7 41 mmol) dropwise. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1.4) to give the title compound as an oil. Cl* MS: m/z 464 (M ⁺ + H)

13b. V-Hydroxy liV-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-methoxyphenyiaminocarbo nyl>- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 13a (0.91 g, 1.96 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (5.8 mL, 9 8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol I, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The mixture is acidified to pH = 5 with IN HCl (anhydrous m Et ₂ 0), then silica ( 1.5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 482 (M ⁺ + Na), 465 (M ⁺ + H).

14a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(4-biphenylcarbonyl)-piperaz ιne-2- carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperaz e-2- carboxylic acid hydrochlonde lb (2.0 g, 5 7 mmol), triethyl amme (2 4 mL, 17 1 mmol) in 3 L of

water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 4-bιphenyl carbonyl chloride ( 1.65 g, 7 4 mmol) at 0 °C The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and I N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dπed over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1: 1) to give the title compound as an oil Cι ⁺ MS: m/z 495 (M ⁺ + H).

14b. .V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-<4-biphenylcarbonyl)-pipe razιne-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 14a (0.85 g, 1.72 mmol) is mixed with NH _j OK (8 mL, 13 8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture is acidified to pH = 5 with IN HCl (anhydrous Et ₂ 0), then silica ( 1.5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid Ion spray MS: m/z 518 (M ⁺ + Na), 513 (M* + NH ₄ ), 496 (M ⁺ + H)

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(thiophenecarbonyl)-pιper azιne- 2-carboxamide

15a 15b

15a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(thiophenecarbonyl)-pιperazιne-2- carboxylate: To a solution of meuiyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazιne-2- carboxyiic acid hydrochloride lb (2.0 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amme (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol) in 2 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (0.82 mL, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture ts concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with 1 N HCl, aqueous NaHCOj, water, bnne, dned over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 3:2) to give the title compound as an oil. Cι ⁺ MS: m/z 425 (M ⁺ + H).

15b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyi-4 V-(thiophenecarbonyl)-pιperazιne-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 15a (0.95 g, 2.24 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (6 6 mL, 1 1.2 mmol, 1 7 M in methanol, solution prepared as descnbed m Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. Silica (1 5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH,OH /

EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 448 (M ^* + Na), 443 (M~ + NH ₄ ), 426 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 16

Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-furoyi-piperazine-2- carboxamide

1 ^β a 16b

16a. Methyl l V-(4-nιethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-furoyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (4 g, 1 1.4 mmol), triethyl amine (4.8 mL, 34.2 mmol), and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (0.134 g, 1.1 mmol) in 5 mL of water and 15 mL of p-dioxane. is added 2- furoyl chloride (1.54 mL, 14.8 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 _3> water, brine, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 4: 1 ) to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m z 409 (M ^* + H). 16b. V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)suifonyl-4/V-furoyl-piperazine-2-carbox amide: The methyl ester 16a (2.3 g, 5.63 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (26.5 mL, 45 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The mixture is acidified to pH = 5 with IN HCl (anhydrous in Et ₂ 0), dien silica (-5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 432 (M ⁺ + Na), 427 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 410 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxypheny l)sulfonyl-4 V-(2-amino-4-methyl-5- thiazolesulfonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

1 a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(2-acetamido-4-methyl-5-th iazolesulfonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of ljV-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.6 mmol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (70 mg, 0.57 mmol) in 3 L of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 2-acetamido-4-methyl-5-thiazolesulfonyl chloride (1.9 g, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed widi IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product. Cr MS: m/z 533 (M ⁺ + H).

17b. V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxypheπyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(2-amino-4-methyl-5-thiaz olesulfonyl)- ρiperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 17a (1.2 g, 2.2 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (12 mL, 18 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, then dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, and acidified with 37% HCl. Silica (~2 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CHI ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 514 (M ⁺ + Na), 492 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 18

Preparatioα of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfoπyl-4 V-cyclohexanecarbonyi-piperaziπe-

2-carboxamide

18a 18b

18a. Methyl lΛ ^r -(4-methoxyphenyi)sulfonyl-4/V-cyclohexanecarbonyl-pip erazine-2- carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)suIfonyl-piperazine-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 L, 17.6 mmol), and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (70 mg, 0.57 mmol) in 4 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added

cyclohexane carbonyl chloride ( 1.0 mL, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product. Cl* MS: m/z 425 (M ⁺ + H).

18b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyI-47V-cyclohexanecarbonyi-piperazi ne-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 18a (1.3 g, 3.0 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (16.3 mL, 24.5 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica (2 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give 0.58 g the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 448 (M ⁺ + Na), 443 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 426 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of V-Hydroxy lN-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(4-methyl-l,2,3,-thiadiazole-5- carbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

19a 19b

19a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(4-methyl-l,2 _r 3,-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.070 g, 0.0057 mmol) in 2 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 4-methyl-I,2,3,-thiadiazole-5-carbonyl chloride (1.2 g, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc hexane, 3:2) to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m z 458 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 441 (M ^÷ + H).

19b. V-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(4-methyl-l^^,-thiadiazole-5 - carbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 19a ( 1.1 g, 2.49 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (13 L, 20 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Silica (-2 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted

widi 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m z 459 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 442 ( M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 20 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy lΛ'-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(5-methyl-3-phenvlisoxazo le-4- carbonyl}-ρiperazine-2-carboxamide

20a 20b

20a. Methyl lN-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -(5-methyl-3-pbenylisoxazole-4-carbonyl>- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of lΛ ^r -(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol), and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.070 g, 0.6 mmol) in 2 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride (1.64 g, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mbcture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N HCl. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1 : 1) to give the title compound as an oil. CV MS: m/z 500 (M ⁺ + H).

20b. jV-Hydroxy l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4- carbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 20a (1.6 g, 3.2 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (15 mL, 25.6 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The mixture is acidified to pH = 5 with Concentrated HCl, then silica (-5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 2% formic acid / EtOAc to give the desired product as a solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 518 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 501 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyi)sulfoπyi-4/V-(isoxazole-5-carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

21a 21b

21a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(isoxazoie-5-carbonyl)-piperazine-2- carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyI)sulfonyl-piperazine-2- carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol), and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (0.070 g, 0.6 mmol) in 2 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added isoxazole-5-carbonyl chloride (0.97 g, 7.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHC0 ₃ , water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is chromatographed on silica gel (EtOAc/hexane, 1 : 1) to give the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 427 (M ⁺ + NH4), 410 (M* + H).

21b. V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(isoxazole-5-carbonyl)-pip erazine~2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 21a (0.15 g, 0.31 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (1.8 L, 2.5 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. Silica (-1 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. Ion spray MS: m z 428 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 41 1 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 22

Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-amido piperazine-2-carboxamide

22a 22b

22a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyi-4 V-amido-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l V-(4-met ioxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol), triethyl amine (1.8 mL, 12.7 mmol) and DMAP (52 mg, 0.43 mmol) in 4 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added trimethylsilyl isocyanate (0.89 mL, 4.45 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water.

The EtOAc layer is washed with I N HCl, water, brme, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (EtOAc) to give the title compound CI ⁺ MS m z 358 (M ^÷ + H)

22b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-<4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-araιdo pιperazιne-2-carboxamιde: The methyl ester 22a (0 2 g, 0 56 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (3 2 mL, 4 5 mmol, 1 5 M m methanol, solution prepared as descπbed in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature The solvent is removed under reduced pressure The mixture is then dissolved in 1 mL of methanol, acidified with HCl (4N in dioxane) to pH -6 The cmde product is subsequently eluted with 20% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the title compound Ion spray MS m z 397 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 359 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 23 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(9-fluorenone-2-carbonyl)- pιperazιne-2-ca rboxa m ide

23a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(9-πuorenone-2-carbonyl)- pιperazιne-2- carboxylate: Oxalyl chlonde (l mL, 1 1 4 mmol) is added to a solution of 9-fluorenone-2-carbony chloπde lb (1 66 g, 74 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF and 20 mL of CH ₂ C1 ₂ at O °C dropwise The reaction mixture is stirred for 45 mm at room temperature, before is transferred slowly to a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazιne-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochlonde (2 g, 5 7 mmol), tnethyl amme (5 mL, 34 2 mmol), and 4-dιmethylamιnopyπdιne (70 mg, 0 57 mmol) in 10 mL of p-dioxane at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, aqueous NaHCOj, water, brme, dπed over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure to gave the desired product CI ⁺ MS m/z 521 (M* + H) 23b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)suifoπyl-4/V-(9-fluorenone-2-carbonyl) -pιperazιne- 2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 23a (042 g, 0 807 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (4 6 mL, 6 45 mmol, 1 7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described m Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature The mixture is acidified to pH = 5 with HCl (4N in dioxane), then silica (-5 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 2% formic acid / EtOAc to give the desired product as a solid Ion spray MS m/z 522 (M ⁺ + H)

EXAMPLE 24 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-methanesulfonyl-piperazine -2- carboxamide

1b 24a 24b

24a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyi-4/V-methanesulfonyi-piperazine-2 -carboxylate:

To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxyiic acid hydrochloride lb (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol), triethyl amine (1.8 mL, 12.7 mmol) and DMAP (52 mg, 0.43 mmol) in 2 mL of water and 8 mL of p-dioxane, is added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.43 mL, 5.56 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound. ESI ⁺ MS: m/z 410 (M + NH ₄ ⁺ ), 393 (M ⁺ + H). 24b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-raethanesulfonyl-piperazine- 2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 24a (0.7 g, 1.78 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK ( 10 mL, 14.2 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica (2 g) is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a white solid. ESI* MS: m/z 41 1 (JvT + NH ₄ ), 394 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 25 Preparation of N-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-rnethanesulfonyl-piperazin e-2- carboxamide

25a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-methanesulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate:

To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (3.2 mL, 22.8 mmol) and DMAP (70 mg, 0.57

mmol) in 10 mL of p-dioxane, is added acetic anhydride (0.81 mL, 8.5 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and paπitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brme, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a mixture of two conformers (2: 1). ESI* MS: m/z 374 (M + NH,'), 357 (M ⁺ + H).

25b. N-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-methanesulfonyl-piperazine -2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 25a (1.3 g, 3.65 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (21 mL, 28.8 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to 20% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product as a mixture of two conformers (2.1). ESI* MS: m z 375 (M* + NH ₄ ), 358 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(3,5-dimethylisoxazole-4- sulphoπyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

26a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxypfaenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(3,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-sulphonyi)- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxypheπyl)sulfonyl- piperazιne-2-caτboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol), triethyl amme ( 1.89 L, 13 mmol) and DMAP (53 mg, 0.43 mmol) in 12 mL of p-dioxane and 2 mL of water, is added 3,5- dimethyIisoxazole-4-sulphonyl chloride (1.1 g, 5.6 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brme, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 1 : 1 to EtOAc) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 491 (M + NH ₄ *), 474 (M* + H).

26b. V-Hydroxy I/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-s ulphonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 26a (0.32 g, 0.68 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (4 mL, 5.4 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is

added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give of the desired product. ESI* MS: m z 492 (M* + NH ₄ ), 475 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 27 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-( V-methylhexyl aminocarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

27a. Methyl ljV-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(/V-methylhexyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine- 2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 17 mL, 34 mmol) in dichloroethane ( 15 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piρerazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (3 g, 8.5 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 45 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved in 15 mL of dichloroethane and added to a solution of N-methylhexylamine (2.6 mL, 17.1 mmol), triethylamine (3.6 mL, 12.6 mmol) in dichloroethane (15 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 1 :2) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 473 (M* + NH ₄ ), 456 (M* + H).

27b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-( V-methylhexyl aminocarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxaraide: The methyl ester 27a (0.82 g, 1.8 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (10 L, 14.4 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 479 (M* + Na), 457 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 28 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-[(4 V-methyl)-piperazine-l V- carbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

28a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-[(4 V-methyI)-piperazine-l/V-carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 14 mL, 28.5 mmol) in dichloroethane (20 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazιne- 2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2.5 g, 7.1 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 45 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved in 20 mL of dichloroethane and added to a solution of 1-methylpιperazιne (0 95 mL, 8.5 mmol), triethylamine (3 mL, 21 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m z 441 (M* + H). 28b. /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-[(4 V-methyl)-piperazine-l/V-carbonyl)- pιperazιne-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 28a (2 g, 4.5 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (24 mL, 36 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl (4N in dioxane) and solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The product is recrystallized from EtOAc / Methanol. to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 480 (M* + K), 442 (M ^* + H).

EXAMPLE 29 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-n-hexyl-pιperazine-2- carboxamide

^1b 29a 29b

29a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-n-hexyl-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)suIfonyl-pιperazine-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochlonde lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol), triethyl amine (2.4 mL, 17.1 mmol) in 15 mL of p-dioxane and 2 mL of water, is added l -iodohexane (1.95 mL, 13.1 mmol) dropwise at room temperature The reaction is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN

HCl, water, brme, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is puπfied by column chromatography (hexane to hexane / EtOAc, 1.1 ) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 399 (M* + H).

29b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyi)sulfonyl-4 V-n-hexyl-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 29a (1283 g, 3.21 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (18 mL, 25.7 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 400 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 30 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyi-4/V-(/V-propylcyclopropanemethy I aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

30a. Methyl l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-( V-propylcyclopropanemethyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% toluene, 56 mL, 1 14 mmol) in dichloroethane (80 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of 1 /V-(4- methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperaz e-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochloride lb ( 10 g, 28.5 mmol) slowly The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is divided into 5 equivalents and concentrated under reduced pressure. One portion (1.7 g, 4.5 mmol in theory) is dissolved in 10 mL of CH ₂ C1 ₂ and added to a solution of N-propylcyclopropane (0.88 mL, 5.85 mmol), tnethylamine (2.5 mL, 18 mmol) in dichloroethane (8 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brme, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane to hexane / EtOAc, 2: 1) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m z 454 (M* + H). 30b. V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(/V-propylcyclopropanemethyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 30a (1.1 g, 2.4 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (14 mL, 19 4 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described m Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel

column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 455 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 31 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-( V-propyicyclopropaπemethyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide

31a. Methyl ljV-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(/V-propylcyclopropanemethyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 56 mL, 1 14 mmol) in dichloroethane (80 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l V-(4- methoxyphenyl)suifoπyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (10 g, 28.5 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is divided into 5 equivalents and concentrated under reduced pressure. One portion (2 g, 5.3 mmol) is dissolved in 10 mL of CH ₂ CI ₂ and added to a solution of 3-pyridinemethanol (0.63 mL, 6.3 mmol), triethylamine (2.9 mL, 21 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (10 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted widi EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 1 : 1 to 1 :4) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 450 (M* + H).

31b. V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(/V-propylcyclopropanemethyl aminocarbonyl)-piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 31a (0.55 g, 1.22 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (7 mL, 9.76 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and the solvent is evaporated. The cmde product is purified by reverse phase prep HPLC (85A15B, A, 95% H2O, 5% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid; B, 80% acetonitrile, 20% H ₂ 0; 19x300 mm waters SymmetryPrep C ₁₈ column) to give the title compound as a white foaming solid. ESI* MS: m/z 451 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 32 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(homopiperidinyl- V-carbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

32a. Methyl lΛ-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(homopιpeπdinyl-jV-carbo nyl)-pιperazιne-2- carboxyiate: To a solution of phosgene (20% toluene, 56 mL, 1 14 mmol) m dichloroethane (80 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l /-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazme-2-carboxylιc acid hydrochlonde lb (10 g, 28.5 mmol) slowly The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 ^C C and overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is divided to 5 equivalents and concentrated under reduced pressure One portion (1 7 g, 4 5 mmol) is dissolved 10 mL of CH ₂ Cl ₂ and added to a solution of hexamethyleneimine (0 66 mL, 5 87 mmol), tnethylamine (2 5 mL, 18 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (5 L) at 0 °C dropwise The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brme, dπed over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound ESI* MS m/z 440 (M* + H)

32b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(homopιperιdinyl-/V-carboπyl)- pιperazιne-2-carboxamιde: The methyl ester 32a (1 45 g, 3 3 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (18 9 mL, 26 4 mmol, 1 5 M in methanol, solution prepared as descnbed m Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc / hexane ( 1 1) to 100% EtOAc to 5% CH ₃ OH / EtOAc to give the desired product ESI* MS m z 441 (M* + H)

EXAMPLE 33 Preparation of V-Hydroxy I/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-ethoxy-l-propoxy carbonyl)- piperazιne-2-carboxamιde

33a. Methyl l/V-<4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(3-ethoxy-l-propoxy carbonyl)-pιperazιne- 2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 85 mL, 171 mmol) in dichloroethane (150 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of lΛ'-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-pιperazιne-2-carboxyiιc acid hydrochlonde lb (30 g, 85 5 mmol) slowly The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight

at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 24 g of the acid chloride. One portion of the acid chloride (1.67 g, 4.4 mmol) is dissolved in 8 mL of CH ₂ C1 ₂ and added to a solution of 3-ethoxy- 1 -propanol (0.66 mL, 5.76 mmol), triethylamine (2.1 mL, 15.5 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (5 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred for 3 days at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 1 : 1) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 462 (M* + NH ₄ ), 445 (M* + H).

/V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)suifonyl-4/V-(3-ethoxy-l-propoxy carbonyl)-piperazine-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 33a (0.39 g, 0.88 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (5 mL, 7 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mbcture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with EtOAc / hexane (3:2) to give the desired product. ESI ^* MS: m z 463 (M* + NH ₄ ), 446 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 34 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy lΛ ^/ -(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-( V-benzylmethylaminocarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

34a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxypheπyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -( V-benzylmethylaminocarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 85 mL, 171 mmol) in dichloroethane (150 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (30 g, 85.5 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 24 g of the acid chloride. One poπion of the acid chloride (1.8 g, 4.78 mmol) is dissolved in 8 mL of CH ₂ CI ₂ and added to a solution of N-benzylmethylamine (1.3 mL, 9.56 mmol), triethylamine (2.7 mL, 19.1 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (5 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m z 463 (M* + H).

34b. V-Hydroxy l V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(/V-benzylmethylaminocarbony l)- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 34a (1.8 g, 3.9 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (10 L, 14 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with HCl, and silica is added and the solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted wi EtOAc / hexane (1 : 1) to 100% EtOAc to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 463 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 35 Preparation of V-Hydroxy l V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4jV-(/V-methylhexylaminocarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide

35a. l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-pipera zine-2-carboxylic acid:

To a solution of piperazine-2-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride (10 g, 49.2 mmol) in 70 mL of p- dioxane and 90 mL of water at 0 °C, is added slowly aqueous sodium hydroxide (5 L 50% w/w, 98.4 mmol), followed by di-fert-butyl dicarboxylate (1 1.0 g, 49.2 mmol). After 17 h, triethyl amine (23 mL, 170 mmol) and 4-bromophenyl sulfonyl chloride (12.6 g, 49.2 mmol) are added, and the reaction is stirred ovemight. The reaction mbcture is concentrated under reduced pressure, and partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer (2 x 100 mL) is washed with brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 468, 466 (M* + NH ₄ ), 451,449 (M* + H).

35b. l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride: Thionyl chloride (6.6 mL, 90.8 mmol) is added slowly to a solution of the acid 35a in 80 mL of CH ₃ OH at 0 °C. The reaction mixture is stirred ovemight. After degassing to remove the excess SOCb, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 365, 363 (M* + H).

35c. Methyl l -(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-(/V-methylhexylamiπocarbonyl)- piperazine-2- carboxyiate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 15 L, 30 mmol) in dichloroethane (25

mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 35b (4 g, 10 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.6 g of the acid chloride. One portion of the acid chloride (1.25 g, 2.94 mmol) is dissolved in 8 mL of CH ₂ CI ₂ and added to a solution of N-methylhexylamine (0.9 mL, 5.87 mmol), triethylamine ( 1.65 mL, 1 1.7 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (5 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 506, 504 (M* + H).

35d. V-Hydroxy lΛ ^r -(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4Λ ^r -( V-methylhexylaminocarbonyl>- piρerazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 35c (1.3 g, 2.58 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (9.2 mL, 12.8 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with 10% HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is dried (MgS0 ) and the solvent is evaporated. The cmde product is purified by reverse phase prep HPLC (40A60B, A, 95% H2O, 5% acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid; B, 80% acetonitrile, 20% H ₂ 0; 19x300 mm waters SymmetryPrep C _{) 8} column) to give the title compound as a white foaming solid. ESI* MS: m/z 507, 505 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 36 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-[/V-bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino - carbonyl]-piperazine-2-carboxamide

36a. Methyl l V-<4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-[ V-bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminocarbonyl]- piperazine-2-carboxylate: To a solution of phosgene (20% in toluene, 15 mL, 30 mmol) in dichloroethane (25 mL) at O °C, is added methyl ester of l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2- carboxyiic acid hydrochloride 35b (4 g, 10 mmol) slowly. The reaction is stirred 2 hr at 55 °C and ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.6 g of the acid chloride. One portion of the acid chloride (1.2 g, 2.8 mmol) is dissolved in 5 mL of CH ₂ C1 ₂ and added to a solution of bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine (0.83 mL, 5.64 mmol), triethylamine ( 1.6 L, 1 1.2 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 (5 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 ₄ , and concentrated under reduced pressure.

The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 2:3) to give the title compound. ESI* MS: m/z 524, 522 (M* + H).

36b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-[/V-bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino carbonyi|- piperazine-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 36a (1.0 g, 1.91 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ OK (5.5 mL, 7.6 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with 10% HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is dried (MgS0 ) and the solvent is evaporated. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (EtOAc) to give the title compound as a white foaming solid. ESI* MS: m/z 525, 523 (M* + H).

EXAMPLE 37 Preparation of /V-Hydroxy l V-(4-bromophenyl)suifonyi-4/V-(benzoxycarbonyl)-piperazine-2 - carboxamide

37a. Methyl l V-(4-bromophenyl)sui .fonyl-4-Vn-(benozoxycarbonyl)-piperazi

To a solution of methyl ester of l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 35b (1.5 g, 3.75 mmol), triethylamine (2.6 mL, 18.7 mmol) and DMAP (45 mg, 0.37 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (10 mL), is added benzyl chloroformate (0.85 mL, 5.62 mmol) dropwise at 0 °C. The mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction is diluted by IN HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, water, brine, dried over MgS0 , and concentrated under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 7:3 to 6:4) to give the title compound. ESI ^* MS: m z 516, 514 (M* + NH ₄ ), 499, 497 (M* + H).

37b. V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyi-4/V-(benzoxycarbonyl)-piperazine -2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 37a (1.25 g, 2.35 mmol) is mixed with NH ₂ O (6.6 mL, 9.2 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1, p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with 10% HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer is dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and the solvent is evaporated. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (EtOAc / hexane 1 : 1 ) to give the title compound as a white foaming solid. ESI* MS: m/z 517, 515 (M* + NH ₄ ), 500, 498 (M ^* + H).

EXAMPLE 38

Preparation of V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-((S)-(+)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl- bufyrvlJ-piperazine-2-carboxamide

38a. Methyl l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-((S)-(+)-2-hydroxy-3-nιet hyl-butyryl|- piperazine-2-carboxylate: Methyl ester of l/V-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride lb (2 g, 5.7 mmol) is mixed with (S)-( ⁺ )-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyric acid (1.0 g, 8.5 mmol), 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (2.3 g, 17.1 mmol), 1 -ethyI-3-(3-dimethylamino- propyl)carbodiimide (1.4 g, 7.4 mmol) in 15 mL of DMF and 2.2 mL (20 mmol) of N-methyl morpholine at 0 °C, and stirred for 17 hr at room temperature. The reaction is then partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with IN HCl, H2O, IN NaOH, and brine, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and evaporated to give an oil which is chromatographed over flash silica with EtOAc to give the desired product. ESI* MS: m/z 415 (M* + H).

38b. /V-Hydroxy l/V-(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-((S)-( ⁺ )-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl|- piperaziπe-2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 38a (1.6 g, 3.8 mmol) is mixed with NH _: OK (10.8 mL, 15.2 mmol, 1.5 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser, Vol 1 , p 478) and stirred ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is acidified with 10% HCl, and extracted widi EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The EtOAc layer is dried (MgS0 ) and the solvent is evaporated. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography (EtOAc / 5% CH OH) to give the title compound as a white foaming solid. ESI* MS: m/z 433 (M* + NH ₄ ), 416 ( M* + H).

EXAMPLE 39

The following compounds are prepared similarity to Example 1

39a. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulf πyl|-4-(3-trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl}- piperazine-2-carboxamide, MS (ESI) 524 (M + H ^"1" ).

39b. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyi)sulfonyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-piper azine-2- carboxamide, MS (ESI) 480 (M + H , 502 (M + Na+).

39c. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-4-(l-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-sul fonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide, MS (ESI) 460 (M + H ^" * ^" ).

39d. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(2-methoxyacetyl)-l-pιperaz ιne-2- carboxamide, MS (ESI) 388 (M + H+), 410 (M + Na+).

39f. N-Hydroxy l-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-4-(benzo(2, |thiadiazole-4-sulfonyl)- piperazιne-2-carboxamide, MS (ESI) 514 (M + H+), 531 (M + NH ₄ ⁺ ).

39g. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)suIfonyl]-4-[(4-i-propylphenyl)aminocarb onyl)- piperazine-2-carboxamide, MS (ESI) 477 (M + H+).

39h. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyll-4-(4'-octyloxy-4-biphenyl-carb onyl)- piperazιne-2-carboxamide, MS (ESI) 625 (M + H+), 642 (M + NH^.

EXAMPLE 40 Preparation of N-hydroxy l,4-di-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-piperazine-2-carboxamide:

40a 40b

40a. l,4-Di-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid: To a solution of pιperazιne-2-carboxylιc acid dihydrochloπde (2 g, 9.85 mmol) in 10 mL of p-dioxane and 10 mL of water, is added tπe yl amine (9.6 mL, 69 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1 mmol), followed by 4- methoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride (5.09 g, 24 6 mmol). The resulting mixture is stirred ovemight at room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is partitioned between EtOAc and IN HCl. The EtOAc layer (2 x 100 mL) is washed with IN HCl, brme, dπed over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated vacuo to give the title compound as a solid. CI ⁺ MS: m z 488 (M ⁺ + NH4), 471 (M ⁺ + H).

40b. N-Hydroxy l,4-di-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-piperazine-2-carboxamide: To a solution of oxalyl chlonde (0.8 mL, 8.5 mmol) in 10 mL of CH2CI2 and 0.7 mL of DMF, is added a solution of \N, 4 V-di-(4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl)-pιperazme-2-carboxylic acid 40a (2 g, 4.25 mmol) in 4 mL of DMF at 0 °C After 45 mm at room temperature, the solution is added dropwise at 0 °C to a mixture of hydroxylamine hydrochlonde (2.96 g, 42.5 mmol) and tπemylamme (5.9 mL, 42.5 mmol) in 3 mL of water and 16 mL of THF. The reaction is warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixmre is filtered, the organic layer is concentrated under reduced pressure

The residue is dissolved in CH2G2, washed with IN HCl, H2O, brine, dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The cmde product is purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc to 5 % CH30H / EtOAc) to give the title compound as a solid. Ion spray MS: m/z 508 (M ⁺ + Na), 503 (M ⁺ + NH4), 486 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 41 Preparation of N-hydroxy l-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-4-(t-buryloxycarbonyl)-piperaz ine-2- carboxamide:

¹³ 41a _41b

41a. Methyl ester of l-[(4-methoxypbenyl)sulfoπyl]-4-</?/ϊ-butoιycarbonyl)- piperazine-2- car boxy lie acid: To a solution of l V-(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4/V-( erf-butoxycarbonyl)- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid la (2 g, 5.61 mmol) in 8 mL of DMF is added potassium /erf-butoxide

(1 g, 8.4 mmol) at room temperature. After 30 min., iodomethane (0.42 mL, 6.73 mmol) is added at

0 °C, the reaction is stirred at room temperature ovemight. The reaction mbcture is quenched with water, and partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The EtOAc layer is washed with IN HCl, IN

NaOH, H2O and brine, dried over MgSθ4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Column chromatography of the residue on silica gel using hexane/EtOAc (4: 1 ) provided the title compound as an oil. CI ⁺ MS: m/z 432 (M ⁺ + N 1 H4), 415 (M ⁺ + H).

41b. N-Hydroxy l-[(4-methoxypheπyl)sulfonyl|-4-(t-bufyloxycarbonyl)-pipera zine-2- carboxamide: The methyl ester 41a (0.33 g, 0.8 mmol) is taken in 1 mL of methanol, treated with

NH2OK (4 mL, 6.8 mmol, 1.7 M in methanol, solution prepared as described in Fieser and Fieser,

Vol 1, p 478) and stirred for 4 h. Silica (1.5 mL) is added to the mbcture and me solvent is evaporated. The dry silica is poured on top of a flash silica gel column which is subsequently eluted with hexane : EtOAc (4:1 to 7:3) to the desired product as a white foamy solid. Ion spray MS: m/z

438 (M ⁺ + Na), 433 (M ⁺ + NH4), 416 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 42 Preparation of N-hydrσxy l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-piperazine-2-carboιamide trifluoroacetic acid salt:

« ^1b 42a

42a. N-Hydroxy M4-Methoxyphenyi sulfonyl-piperazine-2-carboxamide trifluoroacetic acid: To a solution of l V-(4-me oxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4 V-(ter^buto yca^bonyl)-piperazine-2-hydroxamic acid 41b (95 mg, 0.23 mmol) in 5 mL of CH2CI2, is added trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction is stirred for 4 h at room temperature, followed by removal of solvent under reduced pressure. The cmde product is purified by flash silica gel column eluting with CH3OH / EtOAc (1:9) to give the desired product as a foamy solid. MS (ES): 338 (M + Na), 316 (M + H).

EXAMPLE 43 Preparation of N-Hydroxy-4-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-thiomorpholine-3-car boxamide

43a. Ethyl thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate: The ethyl dibromopropionate (10.1 g, 38.8 mmol) in THF (100 mL) is stirred at room temperature and men triethylamine (16.3 mL, 1 16.7 mmol, 3 equiv) is slowly added. The resulting heterogeneous solution is stirred at room temperature and then the cysteamine (3.0 g, 38.8 mmol) is added. Ethanol (50 mL) is added and the resulting mixture is heated to reflux for 12 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and then the solvent is removed to leave a yellow solid. The solid is dissolved in water and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts are dried (Na ₇ Sθ4) and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. No further purification is attempted.

43b. Ethyl [(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate: The ethyl ester 43a (6.1 g, 34.8 mmol) and triethylamine (12.1 mL, 87.0 mmol, 2.5 equiv) in 1,4-dioxane (75 mL) is stirred at room temperature and then 4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (7.91 g, 38.3 mmol, 1.1 equiv) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 4 h. and then the solution is acidified to pH -1 with 1 N HCl. The solution is poured into water and then extracted with CHoCb. The organic extracts are dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated to an oil. The oil is purified by

chromatography using 8/2 hexane/EtOAc as the eluent to afford the desired product as a colorless oil.

43c. N-Hydroxy-4-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-thiomorpholine-3-car boxamide: The sulfonamide 43b (0.5 g, 1.45 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) is stirred at room temperature and then a solution of KONH ₂ (0.868 M in MeOH, 3.3 mL, 2.90 mmol, 2 equiv) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 24 h and then acidified to pH - 2 widi 1 N HCl. The solution is poured into water and men extracted with CH2CI2. The organic extracts are dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated to a white solid under reduced pressure to afford the desired hydroxamic acid. Purification of the solid is accomplished by recrystalization from EtOAc/hexane (1/1) to provide the title compound. MS (ESI): 355 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 333 (M ⁺ + H).

EXAMPLE 44 N-Hydroxy-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-thiomorpholine-S-oxi de-3-carboxamide.

44a. N-Hydroxy-4-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-thiomorpholine-S-oxi de-3-carboxamide: The hydroxamic acid 43c (0.5 g, 1.5 mmol) in chloroform (50 mL) is stirred at room temperature and then the m-chloroperbenzoic acid (0.4 g, 1.50 mmol, 1 equiv) is slowly added. The resulting homogeneous solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then concentrated to a white solid. Purification of the solid is accomplished by chromatography (Prep reverse phase HPLC using a Waters Nova-Pak C _{j β} column 40 x 100 mm) and 85/15 water/acetonitrile as eluent). MS (ESI): 386 (M + Na*), 365 (M + H ⁺ ).

EXAMPLE 45

46a

45a. N-Hydroxy-4-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-thiomorpholine-S,S-d ioιide-3-carboxamide:

The hydroxamic acid 43c (0.5 g, 1.5 mmol) in chloroform (50 mL) is stirred at room temperature and

then the m-chloroperbenzoic acid (0.86 g, 3.01 mmol, 2 equiv) is slowly added. The resulting homogeneous solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then concentrated to a white solid. Purification of the solid is accomplished by chromatography (Prep reverse phase HPLC using a Waters Nova-Pak Ci g column 40 x 100 mm) and 85/15 water/acetonitrile as eluent). MS (ESI): 386 (M + Na ⁺ ), 365 (M + H ⁺ ).

EXAMPLE 46

The following compound are prepared similarly to example 45.

N-Hydroxy-4-[(4-memoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,2-dimethyl-thiom oφholine-S,S-dioxide-3- carboxamide

EXAMPLE 47 3(S)-N-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-th iomorpholine-3-carboxamide.

47b 47c 47d

47a. Methyl N-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfoπyl}-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-penicill amine: D-

Penicillamine (14.9 g, 0.1 mol) in 2N NaOH (65 mL, 0.13 mol, 1.3 equiv) is stirred at 0 °C under an Argon atmosphere. A solution of 2-bromopropanol (15 g, 0.12 mol, 1.2 equiv) in ethanol (100 mL) is slowly added dropwise at 0 °C. The resulting solution is stirred ovemight at room temperature and then the mixture is acidified to pH ~ 6 with 1 N HCl. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure to leave a thick oil. The penicillamine adduct is then dissolved in dioxane (200 mL) and water (200 mL) and stirred at room temperature. Triethylamine (29.8 g, 0.295 mol, 3 equiv) is then added to the reaction mixture followed by 4-methoxybenzenesuifonyl chloride (22.3 g, 0.108 mol, 1.1 equiv). The resulting homogeneous solution is stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then acidified to pH - 2 widi IN HCl. The solution is poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extracts are dried (MgSU4) and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The resulting oil is diluted in methanol (30 mL) and enough diazomethane in diethyl ether is added to form a yellow solution. The mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to leave a colorless oil.

Purification of the resulting methyl ester is accomplished by chromatography on silica gel using 1/1 hexane EtOAc as the eluent. The desired product is obtained as a clear, colorless oil. 47b. Methyl 4N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,2-dimethyl-thiomorpholine-3 -carboxylate: The methyl ester 47a (10.8 g, 28.6 mmol) in THF (200 mL) is stirred at room temperature and men triphenylphosphine (9.0 g, 34.3 mmol, 1.2 equiv) followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (5.48 g, 31.5 mmol, 1.1 equiv) is added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent is removed and men the thick yellow oil is diluted with methylene chloride and silica gel (30 g) is added. The solvent is removed to leave a white powder. This powder is placed upon a chromatography column and eluted with 8/2 hexane/EtOAc. The desired product is obtained as a colorless oil. MS (ESI): 360 (M+ + H), 377 (M+ + NH ₄ ).

47c. 4-l(4-Methoxyphenyl)sulfoπyl]-2^-dimethyl-thiomorpholine-3- carboιylic acid: The memyl ester 47b (9.5 g, 26.4 mmol) in pyridine (150 mL) is stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere. Lithium iodide (42.4 g, 317 mmol, 12 equiv) is added and the resulting solution is heated to reflux for 3 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and then the solution is acidified with IN HCl. The mixture is extracted with methylene chloride and then the organic extracts are dried NaoSθ4) and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The oil is purified by column chromatography using 1/1 hexane/EtOAc as the eluent to provide the desired product as a light yellow oil. MS (ESI): 346 (M ⁺ + H), 363 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ).

47d. N-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methoxypbenyl)sulfonylj-2,2-dimethyl-thiomor pboline-3-carboxaπιide: The carboxyl ic acid 47c (4.1 g, 11.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) is stirred at room temperature and then oxalyl chloride (3.09 g, 24.3 mmol, 2.05 equiv) and DMF (0.87 g, 1 1.8 mmol) are added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. In a separate flask, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.3 g, 47.5 mmol, 4 equiv) in THF (50 mL) and water (10 mL) is stirred at 0 °C. Triethylamine (7.16 g, 70.8 mmol, 6 equiv) is added and the resulting solution is stirred at 0 °C for 15 minutes. The acid chloride solution is next added to the hydroxylamine solution at 0 °C and the resulting mbcture is allowed to stir ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture is next acidified with 1 N HCl and then extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts are dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated to a solid under reduced pressure. The solid is recrystallized from CH3CN / H2O to provide a white powder. MS (ESI): 378 (M ⁺ + NH4), 361 (M+ + H).

EXAMPLE 48

N-Hydroxy-l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-4-[-4-(4-bromophe nyl)-2-thizaolyl)-piperazine-2- carboxamide

48a 48b

48a. Methyl l-|(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-4-|-4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-thizao lyl]-piperazine-2- carboxylate: To methyl l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-piperazine-2-carboxylate lb (300 mg, 0.86 mmol) in ethyl alcohol (50 mL) is added 4-bromophenacyl thiocyanate (220 mg, 0.86 mmol) and acetic acid (0.05 mL, 0.87 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 6 hours at room temperature and then triethylamine is added to neutralize the mixture. The ethyl alcohol is removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue is taken up in diemyl ether (250 mL) and mis mixture is washed with water (3x). The organic extract is dried (Na2S04) and concentrated to give the desired product as a light yellow solid: mp 68-70 °C.

48b. N-Hydroxy-l-[(4-methoxyphenyl)suifonyl)-4-(-4-(4-bromophenyl )-2-thizaolyl|-piperazine- 2-carboxamide: The methyl ester 48a ( 121 mg, 0.22 mmol) in a solution of KONH2 ( 1.76 M in methyl alcohol, 1.0 mL, 1.76 mmol) is stirred 16 hours at room temperature. The resulting solution is neutralized with 1 M HCl. The volatiles are removed under reduced pressure and the product is purified by chromatography using 7/3 ethyl acetate/hexane as the effluent to give the desired hydroxamic acid as a tan solid. MS (ESI): 553, 555 (M ⁺ + H), 575, 577 (M ⁺ +Na).

EXAMPLE 49

Preparation of N-Hydroxy-4N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-morpholine-3-carbox amide

49a 49b 49c

49d 49* 49f 4

9a. Methyl N-((Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl)-aziridine-2-carboxyiate: The methyl-aziridine-2- carboxylate (5.0 g, 49.4 mmol) and triethylamine (6.87 mL, 49.4 mmol) in chloroform ( 100 mL) are stirred at 0 °C in an ice bath and then the carbome oxybenzyl chloride (6.30 mL, 44.5 mmol) is

added. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature overnight. The result g solution is washed with 10% citπc acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate and water The organic layer is dried over sodium sufate and concentrated to an oil The oil is puπfied by silica gel column chromotography usmg 5/1 hexane/ethyl acetate as the eluent to afford the desired product MS (ESI). 236 (M + H ⁺ ), 253 (M + NH ₃ ⁺ ).

49b. N-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl|-0-(2-chloroethyl)-serine methyl ester: The methyl ester 49a (5.0 g, 21.3 mmol) is dissolved in chloroform (50 mL), followed by the addition of 2-chloroethanol (13.7 g, 205.6 mmol) and BF3OE12 (15 drops) at room temperature. The resulting solution is stirred ovemight. The reaction mixture is washed with water several times and the combined organic extracts are dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The oil is purified by silica gel column chromotography usmg 4/1 hexane/ethyl acetate as the eluent to afford the desired product. MS (ESI): 316, 318 (M ⁺ + H), 333, 335 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ). 49c. 0-(2-Chloroethyl)-serine methyl ester: The protected methyl ester 49b (3.8 g, 12 1 mmol) is dissolved in methanol (40 mL) and hydrogenated over palladium black (5% wt) with a hydrogen balloon ovemight. The mixture is filtered through celite and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The residue is earned forward without further purification. MS (ESI): 182, 184 (M ⁺ + H). 49d. Methyl morpholine-3-carboxylate: The methyl ester-free amine 49c (2.1 g, 1 1 6 mmol) and triethylamine (3.2 mL, 23.2 mmol) in methanol (120 mL) are stuτed at room temperature The reaction is men heated to reflux at 65 °C and stirred ovemight. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to form a solid which contained some triethylamine salts. This mixture is carried forward with no further purification. MS (ESI)' 146 (M ⁺ + H).

49e. Methyl 4N-((4-methoxyρhenyl)sulfonyl|-morpholine-3-carboxylate: The methyl ester 49d ( 1.68 g, 1 1 6 mmol) and tnethylamine (3.22 mL, 23.2 mmol) in 1 ,4-dιoxane (15 mL) and water (15 mL) are stirred at room temperature and then 4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl chlonde (2.87 g, 1 .9 mmol) is added. The resultmg solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then the solution is acidified to pH -1 with 1 N HCl. The solution is poured into water and then extracted with CH2CI2. The organic extracts are dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated to an oil. The oil is puπfied by chromatography usmg 5/1 hexane/EtOAc as the eluent to afford the desired product as a colorless oil. MS (ESI): 316 (^ + ^, 333 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ).

49f. N-Hydroxy-4N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)suIfonylJ-morpholine-3-carbox amide: The methyl ester 49e (1.0 g, 3.17 mmol) is dissolved in methanol (3 mL) followed by the addition of 1.76 M solution of potassium hydroxyl amme solution (8 equiv.). The mixture is stirred at room temperature ovemight and then acidified to pH -2 with IN HCl. The solution is poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are dned over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The oil is purified by reverse phase HPLC usmg 65% of (95% water 5%

acetonitrile .1% formic acid) and 35% of (80% acetonitrile 20% water) to afford a crystalline white solid. MS (ESI): 317 (M ⁺ + H), 334 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ).

EXAMPLE 50 Preparation of 3(S>N-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4N-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)sulfonyl] -thiomorpholine- 3-carboxamide

DEAD / Ph,P

SOa

SOb 50c 50d

50a. Methyl N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D-penicillam ine: D-

Penicillamine (3.0 g, 20.1 mmol) in 2N NaOH (14.1 mL, 28.1 mmol, 1.4 equiv) was stirred at 0 °C under an Argon atmosphere. A solution of 2-bromopropanol (3.30 g, 26.1 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in ethanol (20 mL) was slowly added dropwise at 0 °C. The resulting solution was stirred ovemight at room temperature and then the mixture was acidified to pH ~ 6 with 1 N HCl. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to leave a thick oil. The penicillamine adduct was then dissolved in dioxane (25 mL) and water (25 mL) and stirred at room temperature. Triethylamine (6.1 g, 60.3 mmol, 3 equiv) was then added to the reaction mbcture followed by 4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride (5.4 g, 20.1 mol, 1.0 equiv, Ref: Cremlyn et al, Aust. J. Chem. 1979, 32, 445-52.). The resulting homogeneous solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then acidified to pH - 2 with IN HCl. The solution was poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic extracts were dried (MgS0 ₄ ) and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was diluted in methanol (15 mL) and enough diazomethane in diethyl ether was added to form a yellow solution. The mbcture was concentrated under reduced pressure to leave a colorless oil. Purification of the resulting methyl ester was accomplished by chromatography on silica gel using 7/3 hexane/EtOAc as the eluent. The desired product was obtained as a clear, colorless oil. SOb. Methyl 2,2-dimethyl-4N-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-thiomorpholine-3 -carboxylate: The methyl ester (4.5 g, 10.2 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature and then triphenylphosphine (3.22 g, 12.3 mmol, 1.2 equiv) followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.96 g, 1 1.3 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed and then the thick yellow oil was diluted with methylene chloride and silica gel (20 g) was added. The solvent was removed to leave a white powder. This powder

was placed upon a chromatography column and eluted with 8/2 hexane/EtOAc. The desired product was obtained as a colorless oil.

50c. 2,2-Dimethyl-4N-((4-phenoxyphenyl)sulfonyl|-thiomorphoiine-3 -carboxylic acid: The methyl ester (3.4 g, 8.06 mmol) in pyridine (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature under an argon atmosphere. Lithium iodide (12.9 g, 96.7 mmol, 12 equiv) was added and the resulting solution was heated to reflux for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then the solution was acidified with IN HCl. The mixture was extracted with methylene chloride and then the organic extracts were dried (Na ₂ S0 ₄ ) and concentrated to an oil under reduced pressure. The oil was purified by column chromatography using 1/1 hexane/EtOAc as the eluent to provide the desired product as a light yellow oil. MS (ESI): 408 (M ⁺ + H), 425 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 430 (M ⁺ + Na). 50d. N-Hydroxy-2J-dimethyl-4N-[(4-phenoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-thiomor pholine-3- carboxamide: The carboxylic acid (1.25 g, 3.06 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature and then oxalyl chloride (0.77 g, 6.12 mmol, 2.05 equiv) and DMF (0.22 g, 3.06 mmol) were added. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. In a separate flask, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.85 g, 12.24 mmol, 4 equiv) in THF (15 mL) and water (3 mL) was stirred at 0 °C. Triethylamine (1.85 g, 18.4 mmol, 6 equiv) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at 0 °C for 15 minutes. The acid chloride solution was next added to the hydroxylamine solution at 0 °C and the resulting mixture was allowed to stir ovemight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was next acidified with I N HCl and then extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extracts were dried (Na2S0 ₄ ) and concentrated to a solid under reduced pressure. The solid was recrystallized from CH ₃ CN to provide the title compound as a white powder. MS (ESI): 423 (M ⁺ + H), 440 (M ⁺ + NH ₄ ), 445 (M ⁺ + Na).

These examples provide the skilled artisan with sufficient guidance as to making the present invention and do not limit it in any way. Composition and Method of Use Examples

The compounds of the invention are useful to prepare compositions for the treatment of ailments and the like. The following composition and method examples do not limit the invention, but provide guidance to the skilled artisan to prepare and use the compounds, compositions and methods of the invention. In each case the compounds formula I may be substituted for the example compound shown below with similar results.

The methods of use exemplified do not limit the invention, but provide guidance to the skilled artisan to use the compounds, compositions and methods of the invention. The skilled practitioner will appreciate that the examples provide guidance and may be varied based on condition and the patient.

Example A

A tablet composition for oral administration, according to the present invention, is made comprising:

Component Amount

Example 9 15. mg

Lactose 120. mg

Maize Starch 70. mg

Talc 4. mg

Magnesium Stearate 1. mg

Other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used widi substantially similar results.

A human female subject weighing 60 kg (132 lbs), suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, is treated by a method of mis invention. Specifically, for 2 years, a regimen of three tablets per day is administered orally to said subject.

At the end of the treatment period, the patient is examined and is found to have reduced inflammation, and improved mobility without concomitant pain.

Example B A capsule for oral administration, according to the present invention, is made comprising: Component Amount (%w/w)

Example 3 15%

Polyethylene glycol 85%

Other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used with substantially similar results.

A human male subject weighing 90 kg (198 lbs), suffering from osteoarthritis, is treated by a method of this invention. Specifically, for 5 years, a capsule containing 70 mg of Example 3 is administered daily to said subject.

At the end of me treatment period, the patient is examined via orthoscopy, and found to have no further advancement of erosion/fibrillation of the articular cartilage.

Example C A saline-based composition for local administration, according to the present invention, is made comprising:

Component Amount (%w/w)

Example 12 5 %

Polyvinyl alcohol 15%

Saline 80%

Other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used with substantially similar results.

A patient having deep co eal abrasion applies the drop to each eye twice a day. Healing is speeded, with no visual sequelae.

Example D

An topical composition for local administration, according to the present invention, is made comprising:

Component Composition (% w/v)

Compound of Example 3 0.20

Benzalkonium chloride 0.02

Thimerosal 0.002 d-Sorbitol 5.00

Glycine 0.35

Aromatics 0.075

Purified water q.s.

Total = 100.00

Total = 100.00

Any of the other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used with substantially similar results.

A patient suffering from chemical bums applies the composition at each dressing change

(b.i.d.). Scarring is substantially diminished.

Example E

A inhalation aerosol composition, according to the present invention, is made comprising:

Component Composition (% w/v)

Compound of Example 2 5.0

Alcohol 33.0

Ascorbic acid 0.1

Menthol 0.1

Sodium Saccharin 0.2

Propellant (F12, F1 14) g^

Total = 100.0

Any of the other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used with substantially similar results.

An asthma sufferer sprays 0.01 mL via a pump actuator into the mouth while inhaling.

Asthma symptoms are diminished.

Example F

A topical opthalmic composition, according to the present invention, is made comprising:

Component Composition (% w/v)

Compound of Example 5 0.10

Benzalkonium chloride 0.01

EDTA 0.05

Hydroxyethylcellulose (NATROSOL M™) 0.50

Sodium metabisulfite 0.10

Sodium chloride (0.9%) q.s.

Total = 100.0

Any of the other compounds having a structure according to Formula (I) are used with substantially similar results.

A human male subject weighing 90 kg (198 lbs), suffering from comeal ulcerations, is treated by a method of this invention. Specifically, for 2 months, a saline solution containing 10 mg of Example 5 is administered to said subject's affected eye twice-daily.

Example G A composition for parenteral administration is made comprising: Component Amount

Example 4 100 mg/ml carrier

Carrier: sodium citrate buffer with (percent by weight of carrier): lecithin 0.48% carboxymethylcellulose 0.53 povidone 0.50 methyl paraben 0.11 propyl paraben 0.01 1

The above ingredients are mixed, forming a suspension. Approximately 2.0 ml of the suspension is administered, via injection, to a human subject with a premetastatic tumor. The injection site juxtaposes the tumor. This dosage is repeated twice daily, for approximately 30 days. After 30 days, symptoms of the disease subside, and dosage is gradually decreased to maintain the patient.

O er compounds having a stmcture according to Formula I are used widi substantially similar results.

Example H A mouthwash composition is prepared;

Component %w/v

Example 1 3.00

SDA 40 Alcohol 8.00

Flavor 0.08

Emulsifier 0.08

Sodium Fluoride 0.05

Glycerin 10.00

Sweetener 0.02

Benzoic acid 0.05

Sodium hydroxide 0.20

Dye 0.04

Water balance to 100%

A patient with gum disease uses 1 ml of the mouthwash thrice daily to prevent further oral degeneration.

. Other compounds having a structure according to Formula I are used with substantially similar results.

Example I

A lozenge composition is prepared;

Component %w/v

Example 3 0.01

Sorbitol 17.50

Mannitol 17.50

Starch 13.60

Sweetener 1.20

Flavor 1 1.70

Color 0.10

Corn Syrup balance to 100%

A patient uses the losenge to prevent loosening of an implant in the maxilla. Other compounds having a stmcture according to Formula I are used widi substantially similar results.

Example J

Chewing Gum Composition

Component w/v%

Example 1 0.03

Sorbitol crystals 38.44

Paloja-T gum base* 20.00

Sorbitol (70% aqueous solution) 22.00

Mannitol 10.00

Glycerine 7.56

Flavor 1.00

A patient chews the gum to prevent loosening to prevent loosening of dentures. Other compounds having a structure according to Formula I are used with substantially similar results.

Example K

Components w/v% Example ! 2.00 USP Water 54.656 Mediylparaben 0.05 Propylparaben 0.01 Xanthan Gum 0.12 Guar Gum 0.09 Calcium carbonate 12.38 Antifoam 1.27 Sucrose 15.0 Sorbitol 1 1.0 Glycerin 5.0 Benzyl Alcohol 0.2 Citric Acid 0.15 Coolant 0.00888 Flavor 0.0645 Colorant 0.0014

Example K is prepared by first mixing 80 kg of gylcerin and all of the benzyl alcohol and heating to 65 C, then slowly adding and mixing together methylparaben, propylparaben, water, xanthan gum, and guar gum. Mbe these ingredients for about 12 minutes with a Silverson in-line mixer. Then slowly add in die following ingredients in the following order: remaining glycerin, sorbitol, antifoam C, calcium carbonate, citric acid, and sucrose. Separately combine flavors and coolants and then slowly add to the other ingredients. Mix for about 40 minutes.

The patient takes the formulation to prevent flare up of colitis.

All references described herein are hereby incoφorated by reference.

While particular embodiments of the subject invention have been described, it will be obvious to those skilled in die art mat various changes and modifications of the subject invention can be made widiout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended to cover, in the appended claims, all such modifications mat are within the scope of this invention.