5,6-FUSED PYRROLIDINE COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

5 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Substance P is a naturally occurring undecapeptide belonging to the tachykinin family of peptides, the latter being so-named because of their prompt contractile action on extravascular smooth muscle tissue. The tachykinins are distinguished by a conserved carboxyl- terminal sequence. In addition to substance P, the known mammalian tachykinins include 10 neurokinin A and neurokinin B. The current nomenclature designates the receptors for substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B as neurokinin- 1 (NK-I), neurokinin-2 (NK-2), and neurokinin-3 (NK-3), respectively.

Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, antagonists are useful in the treatment of of clinical conditions which are characterized by the presence of an excess of tachykinin, in 15 particular substance P, activity, including disorders of the central nervous system, nociception and pain, gastrointestinal disorders, disorders of bladder function and respiratory diseases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to certain 5,6-fused pyrrolidine compounds

20 which are useful as neurokinin-1 (NK-I) receptor antagonists, and inhibitors of tachykinin and in particular substance P. The invention is also concerned with pharmaceutical formulations comprising these compounds as active ingredients and the use of the compounds and their formulations in the treatment of certain disorders, including emesis, urinary incontinence, depression, and anxiety.

25

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of formula I:

- 1 -

wherein:

Rl and Rl ^a are each hydrogen or together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl; 5 R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, and

(2) CH ₃ ;

R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

(I) hydrogen, 10 (2) hydroxyl,

(3) NH ₂ ,

(4) Cl-6alkyl,

(5) hydroxyCi-6alky,

(6) Ci-βalkyl-O-Ci-βalkyl, 15 (7) N(CH ₃ )2;

(8) NH-C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH2,

(9) NH-C(O)-CF ₃ ,

(10) -Al, wherein Al is a heteroaryl or heterocycle of 5 or 6 atoms wherein the heteroaryl or heterocyle contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group

20 consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heteroaryl or heterocylce is optionally substituted with a group selected from methyl, oxo and hydroxyl,

(I I) -NH-Al

(12) -NH-CH2-A1,

(13) -0-C(O)-CH ₃ , 25 (14) Cθ2Me; and

(15) CO ₂ H;

- 2 -

R4 is selected from hydrogen and methyl; R5 is selected from a group consisting of:

(I) hydrogen, 5 (2) hydroxy,

(3) hydroxyCi-3alkyl,

(4) Ci- ₄ alkyl,

(5) Ci-4alkyl-NH2,

(6) Ci-4alkyl-NH-C(O)CH3, 10 (7) Ci-4alkyl-NH-C(O)CH2Cl,

(8) Ci_4alkyl-NH-C(O)H,

(9) -C(O)-O-CH ₃ ,

(10) -C(O)-CH ₃ ,

(I I) -0-S(O) ₂ -CF ₃ ,

15 (12) -C(O)-OH,

(13) -C(O)-N(RlO)(Rl I),

(14) phenyl, optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of halo, methyl, hydroxyCi-4alkyl, -C(O)H and -NH-S(O)2-CH ₃ ,

(15) -NH-S(O)2-CH ₃ ,

20 (16) -NH-cyclopentenone,

(17) -NH-cyclohexenone, optionally substituted with a substituent selected from halo, hydroxy and oxo,

(18) -NH-C(O)-C l -4alkyl.

(19) -NH-C(O)-phenyl, optionally substituted with halo, -C(O)H or cyano, 25 (20) -NH-C(O)-pyridyl, optionally substituted with halo, -C(O)H or cyano,

(21 ) -NH-C(O)-NH-phenyl, optionally substituted with halo, -C(O)H or cyano,

(22) -NH-C(O)-NH-pyridyl, optionally substituted with halo, -C(O)H or cyano,

(2 ₃ ) -NH-C(O)-O-CH2-C2-4alkenyl,

(24) -NH-Ci -4alkyl,

30 (25) -NH-C(O)-C l-4alkyl-NH2,

(26) -NH-C(O)-C i -4alkyl-NH2-C(O)-O-CH2-phenyl,

(27) -N(RlO)(Rl I),

(28) A2, wherein A2 is selected from the group consisting of

- 3 -

^N- w

-N X N^

N-I- ^{o y o o}

wherein A2 is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halo, hydroxyl, cyano, Ci-4alkyl, NH2, COOH, oxo, -COO-C l-4alkyl, -NH-C(O)-CH2C1, - 5 C(O)CH3, and

L-/

(29) A3, wherein A3 is a heteraromatic ring of 5 or 6 atoms or N-oxide thereof, wherein 1, 2, or 3 of the atoms is a heteroatom selected from N, S or O, and wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is a N, and wherein the heteroaryl or

10 heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from halo, cyano, Ci-4alkyl, oxo, hydroxyl, phenyl, benzyl, -OCH3, -CH3-NH2, -NH-C(O)- CH3CI, and -CH3-N(CH3)2,

(30) CH3-A2,

(31) CH3-A3, 15 (32) -NH- A2,

(33) -C(O)-A2,

(34) -NH-A3,

(35) -C(O)-A3, or R ⁴ and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl; 20 R6 is selected from hydrogen and methyl,

R7 are each independently selected from a group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen,

(2) halo, and

(3) hydroxyl, and 25 (4) methyl,

(5) -C(O)OH,

- 4 -

(6) -0-C(O)-CH ₃ ,

(7) NH-C(O)-CH3,

(8) NH-C(O)-phenyl,

(9) NH-C(O)-O-CH3,

5 (10) NH2, and

(11) A4, wherein A4 is a heteroaryl or N-oxide thereof or heterocycle of 5 or 6 atoms wherein the heteroaryl or heterocyle contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heteroaryl or heterocycle is optionally substituted with a group selected from methyl, oxo, hydroxyl, -CH3-NH2 and -CH3-

10 N(CH ₃ )2; or R6 and R? together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl;

R.8 and R9 are each independently selected from a group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, 15 (2) halo, and

(3) methyl; RlO ad Rl 1 are each selected from the group consisting of

(1) hydrogen,

(2) methyl, 20 (3) -O-CH3

(4) A5, wherein A5 is a heteroaryl or N-oxide thereof or heterocycle of 5 or 6 atoms wherein the heteroaryl or heterocyle contains 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heteroaryl or heterocycle is optionally substituted with a group selected from methyl, oxo, hydroxyl, -CH3-NH2 and -CH3-N(CH3)2, and 25 (5) -Cl-3alkyl-A5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein 30 Al is selected from the group consisting of

- 5 -

X / , ^N =\ ^N . N <*>

HN λ and -J _^ />

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of 5 (1) NH2, and

(2) -NH-Al, wherein Al is selected from the group consisting of

/ v N=λ

O V-NH-I _N ' N-|

\ / and ^/ ? and Al is optionally substituted with a group selected from methyl, oxo and hydroxyl;

10 Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein A3 is selected from the group consisting of

_• Vf ** V* U

' H H ^{o o Ό}

or an N-oxide thereo ^C f wherein A3 is opti ^{^} H ^ onally substituted w uith one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, Ci-4alkyl, oxo, hydroxyl, phenyl, benzyl, -OCH3, -

15 CH3-NH2, -NH-C(O)-CH3Cl, and -CH3-N(CH3)2-

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein

- 6 -

A compound according to claim 1 wherein A4 is selected from the group consisting of

./wo

1

N3 ^' o-y b-

^λ .λ. N-N ^N =V\

N^ < fj^V 1 ^- ^ / wherein A4 is optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl methyl, oxo, hydroxyl, -CH3-NH2 and -CH3-N(CH3)2-

5

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein R ⁵ is selected from a group consisting of:

(1) hydroxy,

(2) NH2, and

10 (3) N(RlO)(Rl I).

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein R7 is selected from a group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen,

15 (2) fluoro, and

(3) methyl.

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein R8 and R9 are each independently selected from a group consisting of: 20 (1) hydrogen,

(2) fluoro, and

(3) methyl.

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein 25 R6 is fluoro and R? is methyl.

- 7 -

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein R8 is fluoro and R9 is methyl or hydrogen.

Within this aspect there is a genus of the formula

CF ₃

R= R ⁷

Within this aspect there is a genus of compounds wherein

Rl and Rl ^a are each hydrogen or together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl; 10 R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

(1) hydrogen, and

(2) CH ₃ ;

R3 is selected from the group consisting of

(1) NH2, and

15 (2) -NH-Al, wherein Al is selected from the group consisting of

N=

NH-I N . N-| and ^v ? and Al is optionally substituted with a group selected from methyl, oxo and hydroxyl; R4 is selected from hydrogen and methyl; R5 is selected from a group consisting of: 20 (1) hydroxy,

(2) NH2, and

(3) N(RlO)(Rl I);

R6 is selected from hydrogen and methyl, R7 is selected from a group consisting of: 25 (1) hydrogen,

- 8 -

(2) fluoro, and

(3) methyl.

R8 is fluoro and R9 is methyl or hydrogen.

RlO ad Rl 1 are each selected from the group consisting of

(1) hydrogen, and

(2) -A4, wherein A4 is selected from the group consisting of

// N ,N--I,-

N. > N. 3

HN-K /— N^H ₁ j y>^

O

N- wherein A4 is optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, oxo, methyl, -CH3-NH2 and -CH3-N(CH3)2;

10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

15 As used herein, "alkyl" as well as other groups having the prefix "alk" such as, for example, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and the like, means carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl and the like. "Alkenyl", "alkynyl" and other like terms include carbon chains containing at least one unsaturated C-C

20 bond.

The term "cycloalkyl" means carbocycles containing no heteroatoms, and includes mono-, bi- and tricyclic saturated carbocycles, as well as fused ring systems. Such fused ring systems can include one ring that is partially or fully unsaturated such as a benzene ring to form fused ring systems such as benzofused carbocycles. Cycloalkyl includes such fused ring systems

25 as spiro fused ring systems. Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,

- 9 -

cyclohexyl, decahydronaphthalene, adamantane, indanyl, indenyl, fluoreπyl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphalene and the like. Similarly, "cycloalkenyl" means carbocycles containing no heteroatoms and at least one non-aromatic C-C double bond, and include mono-, bi- and tricyclic partially saturated carbocycles, as well as benzofused cycloalkenes. Examples of cycloalkenyl 5 include cyclohexenyl, indenyl, and the like.

The term "aryl" unless specifically stated otherwise includes multiple ring systems as well as single ring systems such as, for example, phenyl or naphthyl.

The term heteroaryl include, for example, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, quinoxalinyl, furyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl, thienyl,

10 benzthienyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, pyrazolyl, indazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl.

The term heterocycle includes, for example, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolinyl, and thiomoφholinyl.

Specific embodiments of the present invention include a compound which is

15 selected from the group consisting of the subject compounds of the Examples herein and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers and diastereomers thereof.

The compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus occur as racemates and racemic mixtures, single enantiomers, diastereomeric mixtures and individual diastereomers. Additional asymmetric centers may be

20 present depending upon the nature of the various substituents on the molecule. Each such asymmetric center will independently produce two optical isomers and it is intended that all of the possible optical isomers and diastereomers in mixtures and as pure or partially purified compounds are included within the ambit of this invention. The present invention is meant to comprehend all such isomeric forms of these compounds. Formula I shows the structure of the

25 class of compounds without preferred stereochemistry. The independent syntheses of these diastereomers or their chromatographic separations may be achieved as known in the art by appropriate modification of the methodology disclosed herein. Their absolute stereochemistry may be determined by the x-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing an asymmetric center

30 of known absolute configuration. If desired, racemic mixtures of the compounds may be separated so that the individual enantiomers are isolated. The separation can be carried out by methods well known in the art, such as the coupling of a racemic mixture of compounds to an enantiomerically pure compound to form a diastereomeric mixture, followed by separation of the individual diastereomers by standard methods, such as fractional crystallization or

- 10 -

chromatography. The coupling reaction is often the formation of salts using an enantiomerically pure acid or base. The diasteromeric derivatives may then be converted to the pure enantiomers by cleavage of the added chiral residue. The racemic mixture of the compounds can also be separated directly by chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases, which methods are well known in the art. Alternatively, any enantiomer of a compound may be obtained by stereoselective synthesis using optically pure starting materials or reagents of known configuration by methods well known in the art.

There are several acceptable methods of naming the compounds discussed herein. There are several acceptable methods of naming the compounds discussed herein.

10

For example, the above compound can be named (lS,2K)-2-{(lR)-l-[3 _t 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one. The core structure may be generally referred to as hexahydroindolizin-5(l/f)-one, hexahydroindolizinone perhydroindolizin-5(l//)— one, perhydroindolizinone and

15 indolizinone compounds.

For example, the above compound can be named "(6/?,75,7aS)-6-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-7-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd ro-3/- ^r -pyrrolizin-3-one. The core structure may be generally referred to as hexahydro-3/f-pyrroliziii-3-one, 20 hexahydropyrrolizinone perhydro-3//-pyrrolizin-3-one, perhydropyrrolizinone compounds.

As appreciated by those of skill in the art, halo or halogen as used herein are intended to include fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. Similarly, Ci-6, as in Ci-6alkyl is defined to identify the group as having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement, such that Ci-8alkyl specifically includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-

25 butyl, pentyl, and hexyl. A group which is designated as being independently substituted with substituents may be independently substituted with multiple numbers of such substituents.

- 11 -

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids including inorganic or organic bases and inorganic or organic acids. Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic salts, manganous, potassium, 5 sodium, zinc, and the like. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts. Salts in the solid form may exist in more than one crystal structure, and may also be in the form of hydrates. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins,

10 such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'-dibenzylethylene-diamine, diethylamine, 2- diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylamino-ethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl- morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, and the like. When

15 the compound of the present invention is basic, salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids. Such acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and

20 the like. Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, fumaric, and tartaric acids. It will be understood that, as used herein, references to the compounds of the present invention are meant to also include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Exemplifying the invention is the use of the compounds disclosed in the

25 Examples and herein. Specific compounds within the present invention include a compound which selected from the group consisting of the compounds disclosed in the following Examples and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual diastereomers thereof.

The compounds of the present invention are useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions which are characterized by the presence of an

30 excess of tachykinin, in particular substance P, activity. Thus, for example, an excess of tachykinin, and in particular substance P, activity is implicated in a variety of disorders of the central nervous system. Such disorders include mood disorders, such as depression or more particularly depressive disorders, for example, single episodic or recurrent major depressive disorders and dysthymic disorders, or bipolar disorders, for example, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II

- 12 -

disorder and cyclothymic disorder; anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia without history of panic disorder, specific phobias, for example, specific animal phobias, social phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, stress disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder, and generalised anxiety 5 disorders; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, for example, schizophreniform disorders, schizoaffective disorders, delusional disorders, brief psychotic disorders, shared psychotic disorders and psychotic disorders with delusions or hallucinations; delerium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive or neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia, and other dementias, for

10 example, due to HIV disease, head trauma, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, or due to multiple aetiologies; Parkinson's disease and other extra-pyramidal movement disorders such as medication-induced movement disorders, for example, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, neuroleptic- induced acute dystonia, neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia, neuroleptic-induced tardive

15 dyskinesia and medication-induced postural tremour; substance-related disorders arising from the use of alcohol, amphetamines (or amphetamine-like substances) caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants and aerosol propellants, nicotine, opioids, phenylglycidine derivatives, sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, which substance-related disorders include dependence and abuse, intoxication, withdrawal, intoxication delerium, withdrawal delerium, persisting dementia,

20 psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction and sleep disorders; epilepsy; Down's syndrome; demyelinating diseases such as MS and ALS and other neuropathological disorders such as peripheral neuropathy, for example diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, segmental or intercostal neuralgia and other neuralgias; and cerebral vascular disorders due to acute or

25 chronic cerebrovascular damage such as cerebral infarction, subarachnoid haemorrhage or cerebral oedema.

Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, activity is also involved in nociception and pain. The compounds of the present invention will therefore be of use in the prevention or treatment of diseases and conditions in which pain predominates, including soft tissue and

30 peripheral damage, such as acute trauma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, particularly after trauma, spinal pain, myofascial pain syndromes, headache, episiotomy pain, and burns; deep and visceral pain, such as heart pain, muscle pain, eye pain, orofacial pain, for example, odontalgia, abdominal pain, gynaecological pain, for example, dysmenorrhoea, and labour pain; pain associated with nerve and root damage, such as pain associated with peripheral

- 13 -

nerve disorders, for example, nerve entrapment and brachial plexus avulsions, amputation, peripheral neuropathies, tic douloureux, atypical facial pain, nerve root damage, and arachnoiditis; pain associated with carcinoma, often referred to as cancer pain; central nervous system pain, such as pain due to spinal cord or brain stem damage; low back pain; sciatica;

5 ankylosing spondylitis, gout; and scar pain.

Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, antagonists may also be of use in the treatment of respiratory diseases, particularly those associated with excess mucus secretion, such as chronic obstructive airways disease, bronchopneumonia, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchospasm; inflammatory diseases such as

10 inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, fibrositis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pruritis and sunburn; allergies such as eczema and rhinitis; hypersensitivity disorders such as poison ivy; ophthalmic diseases such as conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and the like; ophthalmic conditions associated with cell proliferation such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy; cutaneous diseases such as contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and other eczematoid dermatitis.

15 Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, antagonists may also be of use in the treatment of neoplasms, including breast tumours, neuroganglioblastomas and small cell carcinomas such as small cell lung cancer.

Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, antagonists may also be of use in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including inflammatory disorders and diseases of the

20 GI tract such as gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, gastric carcinomas, gastric lymphomas, disorders associated with the neuronal control of viscera, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and emesis, including acute, delayed or anticipatory emesis such as emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation, toxins, viral or bacterial infections, pregnancy, vestibular disorders, for example, motion sickness, vertigo, dizziness and Meniere's disease, surgery, migraine, variations

25 in intercranial pressure, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, acid indigestion, over indulgence in food or drink, acid stomach, waterbrash or regurgitation, heartburn, for example, episodic, nocturnal or meal-induced heartburn, and dyspepsia.

Tachykinin, and in particular substance P, antagonists may also be of use in the treatment of a variety of other conditions including stress related somatic disorders; reflex

30 sympathetic dystrophy such as shoulder/hand syndrome; adverse immunological reactions such as rejection of transplanted tissues and disorders related to immune enhancement or suppression such as systemic lupus erythematosus; plasma extravasation resulting from cytokine chemotherapy, disorders of bladder function such as cystitis, bladder detrusor hyper-reflexia, frequent urination and urinary incontinence, including the prevention or treatment of overactive

- 14 -

bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency; fibrosing and collagen diseases such as scleroderma and eosinophilic fascioliasis; disorders of blood flow caused by vasodilation and vasospastic diseases such as angina, vascular headache, migraine and Reynaud's disease; and pain or nociception attributable to or associated with any of the foregoing 5 conditions, especially the transmission of pain in migraine. The compounds of the present invention are also of value in the treatment of a combination of the above conditions, in particular in the treatment of combined post-operative pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting.

The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful in the prevention

10 or treatment of emesis, including acute, delayed or anticipatory emesis, such as emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation, toxins, pregnancy, vestibular disorders, motion, surgery, migraine, and variations in intercranial pressure. For example, the compounds of the present invention are of use optionally in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderate or highly

15 emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including high-dose cisp latin. Most especially, the compounds of the present invention are of use in the treatment of emesis induced by antineoplastic (cytotoxic) agents, including those routinely used in cancer chemotherapy, and emesis induced by other pharmacological agents, for example, rolipram. Examples of such chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents, for example, ethyleneimine compounds, alkyl sulphonates and other

20 compounds with an alkylating action such as nitrosoureas, cisplatin and dacarbazine; antimetabolites, for example, folic acid, purine or pyrimidine antagonists; mitotic inhibitors, for example, vinca alkaloids and derivatives of podophyllotoxin; and cytotoxic antibiotics. Particular examples of chemotherapeutic agents are described, for instance, by D. J. Stewart in Nausea and Vomiting: Recent Research and Clinical Advances, Eds. J. Kucharczyk et al, CRC

25 Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA (1991) pages 177-203, especially page 188. Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents include cisplatin, dacarbazine (DTIC), dactinomycin, mechlorethamine, streptozocin, cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, procarbazine, mitomycin, cytarabine, etoposide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine, vincristine, bleomycin and chlorambucil [R. J. Gralla et

30 al in Cancer Treatment Reports (1984) 68(1), 163-172]. A further aspect of the present invention comprises the use of a compound of the present invention for achieving a chronobiologic (circadian rhythm phase-shifting) effect and alleviating circadian rhythm disorders in a mammal. The present invention is further directed to the use of a compound of the present invention for blocking the phase-shifting effects of light in a mammal.

- 15 -

The present invention is further directed to the use of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for enhancing or improving sleep quality as well as preventing and treating sleep disorders and sleep disturbances in a mammal. In particular, the present invention provides a method for enhancing or improving sleep quality by 5 increasing sleep efficiency and augmenting sleep maintenance. In addition, the present invention provides a method for preventing and treating sleep disorders and sleep disturbances in a mammal which comprising the administration of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention is useful for the treatment of sleep disorders, including Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (insomnias) ("DEMS")

10 which can arise from psychophysiological causes, as a consequence of psychiatric disorders (particularly related to anxiety), from drugs and alcohol use and abuse (particularly during withdrawal stages), childhood onset DIMS, nocturnal myoclonus, fibromyalgia, muscle pain, sleep apnea and restless legs and non specific REM disturbances as seen in ageing.

The particularly preferred embodiments of the instant invention are the treatment

15 of emesis, urinary incontinence, depression or anxiety by administration of the compounds of the present invention to a subject (human or animal) in need of such treatment.

The present invention is directed to a method for the manufacture of a medicament for antagonizing the effect of substance P at its receptor site or for the blockade of neurokinin- 1 receptors in a mammal comprising combining a compound of the present invention

20 with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent. The present invention is further directed to a method for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a physiological disorder associated with an excess of tachykinins in a mammal comprising combining a compound of the present invention with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent.

The present invention also provides a method for the treatment or prevention of

25 physiological disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins, especially substance P, which method comprises administration to a patient in need thereof of a tachykinin reducing amount of a compound of the present invention or a composition comprising a compound of the present invention. As used herein, the term "treatment" or "to treat" refers to the administration of the compounds of the present invention to reduce, ameliorate, or eliminate either the symptoms

30 or underlying cause of the noted disease conditions, in a subject (human or animal) that suffers from that condition or displays clinical indicators thereof. The term "prevention" or "to prevent" refers to the administration of the compounds of the present invention to reduce, ameliorate, or eliminate the risk or likelihood of occurrence of the noted disease conditions, in a subject (human or animal) susceptible or predisposed to that condition.

- 16 -

^■ The compounds of this invention are useful for antagonizing tachykinins, in particular substance P in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, pain or migraine and asthma in a mammal in need of such treatment. This activity can be demonstrated by the following assays.

5 Receptor Expression in COS: To express the cloned human neurokinin- 1 receptor

(NKlR) transiently in COS, the cDNA for the human NKlR was cloned into the expression vector pCDM9 which was derived from pCDM8 (INVITROGEN) by inserting the ampicillin resistance gene (nucleotide 1973 to 2964 from BLUESCRIPT SK+) into the Sac EI site. Transfection of 20 ug of the plasmid DNA into 10 million COS cells was achieved by 10 electroporation in 800 ul of transfection buffer (135 mM NaCl, 1.2 mM CaCl2, 1 -2 mM MgCl2, 2.4 mM K2HPO4, 0.6 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES pH 7.4) at 260 V and 950 uF using the EBI GENEZAPPER (DBI, New Haven, CT). The cells were incubated in 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM glutamine, 100U/ml penicillin-streptomycin, and 90% DMEM media (GBBCO, Grand Island, NY) in 5% CO2 at 37°C for three days before the assay.

15 Stable Expression in CHO: To establish a stable cell line expressing the cloned human NKlR, the cDNA was subcloned into the vector pRcCMV (INVITROGEN). Transfection of 20 ug of the plasmid DNA into CHO cells was achieved by electroporation in 800 ul of transfection buffer suplemented with 0.625 mg/ml Herring sperm DNA at 300 V and 950 uF using the EBI GENEZAPPER (EBI). The transfected cells were incubated in CHO media

20 [10 % fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml pennicilin-streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, 1/500 hypoxanthine- thymidine (ATCC), 90% IMDM media (JRH BIOSCIENCES, Lenexa, KS), 0.7 mg/ml G418 (GEBCO)] in 5% CO2 at 37°C until colonies were visible. Each colony was separated and propagated. The cell clone with the highest number of human NKlR was selected for subsequent applications such as drug screening.

25 Assay Protocol using COS or CHO: The binding assay of human NKlR expressed in either COS or CHO cells is based on the use of 125i- _su bstance P (125i-SP, from DU PONT, Boston, MA) as a radioactively labeled ligand which competes with unlabeled substance P or any other ligand for binding to the human NKlR. Monolayer cell cultures of COS or CHO were dissociated by the non-enzymatic solution (SPECIALTY MEDIA, Lavallette, NJ)

30 and resuspended in appropriate volume of the binding buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 5 mM MnCl2,

150 mM NaCl, 0.04 mg/ml bacitracin, 0.004 mg/ml leupeptin, 0.2 mg/ml BSA, 0.01 mM phosphoramidon) such that 200 ul of the cell suspension would give rise to about 10,000 cpm of specific 125T-SP binding (approximately 50,000 to 200,000 cells). In the binding assay, 200 ul of cells were added to a tube containing 20 ul of 1.5 to 2.5 nM of 125τ_sp and 20 ul of unlabeled

- 17 -

substance P or any other test compound. The tubes were incubated at 4°C or at room temperature for 1 hour with gentle shaking. The bound radioactivity was separated from unbound radioactivity by GF/C filter (BRANDEL, Gaithersburg, MD) which was pre-wetted with 0.1 % polyethylenimine. The filter was washed with 3 ml of wash buffer (50 mM Tris pH 5 7.5, 5 mM MnCl2, 150 mM NaCl) three times and its radioactivity was determined by gamma counter. The activation of phospholipase C by NKlR may also be measured in CHO cells expressing the human NKlR by determining the accumulation of inositol monophosphate which is a degradation product of IP3. CHO cells are seeded in 12-well plate at 250,000 cells per well.

After incubating in CHO media for 4 days, cells are loaded with 0.025 uCi/ml of 3H-myoinositol 10 by overnight incubation. The extracellular radioactivity is removed by washing with phosphate buffered saline. LiCl is added to the well at final concentration of 0.1 mM with or without the test compound, and incubation is continued at 37°C for 15 min. Substance P is added to the well at final concentration of 0.3 nM to activate the human NKlR. After 30 min of incubation at 37°C, the media is removed and 0.1 N HCl is added. Each well is sonicated at 4°C and extracted 15 with CHCl3/methanol (1:1). The aqueous phase is applied to a 1 ml Dowex AG 1X8 ion exchange column. The column is washed with 0.1 N formic acid followed by 0.025 M ammonium formate-0.1 N formic acid. The inositol monophosphate is eluted with 0.2 M ammonium formate-0.1 N formic acid and quantitated by beta counter. In particular, the intrinsic tachykinin receptor antagonist activities of the compounds of the present invention may be

20 demonstrated by these assays. The compounds of the following examples have activity in the aforementioned assays in the range of 0.05 nM to 10 μM. The activity of the present compounds may also be demonstrated by the assay disclosed by Lei, et al., British J. Pharmacol., 105. 261- 262 (1992).

According to a further or alternative aspect, the present invention provides a

25 compound of the present invention for use as a composition that may be administered to a subject in need of a reduction of the amount of tachykinin or substance P in their body.

The term "composition"- as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising specified ingredients in predetermined amounts or proportions, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the

30 specified amounts. This term in relation to pharmaceutical compositions is intended to encompass a product comprising one or more active ingredients, and an optional carrier comprising inert ingredients, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of

- 18 -

one or more of the ingredients. In general, pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. In the pharmaceutical composition the active object compound is included in an

5 amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. By "pharmaceutically acceptable" it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the

10 recipient thereof.

Pharmaceutical compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide

15 pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example

20 starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. Compositions for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium

25 carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil. Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a suitable oil. Oil-in-water emulsions may also be employed. Dispersible

30 powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present compounds may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. The compounds of the present invention

- 19 -

may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present invention may be employed. The compounds of the present invention may also be formulated for administered by inhalation. The compounds of the present invention may also be 5 administered by a transdermal patch by methods known in the art.

The compositions containing compounds of the present invention may be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The term "unit dosage form" is taken to mean a single dose wherein all active and inactive ingredients are combined in a suitable system, such that the patient or person

10 adminstering the drug to the patient can open a single container or package with the entire dose contained therein, and does not have to mix any components together from two or more containers or packages. Typical examples of unit dosage forms are tablets or capsules for oral administration, single dose vials for injection, or suppositories for rectal administration. This list of unit dosage forms is not intended to be limiting in any way, but merely to represent typical

15 examples in the pharmacy arts of unit dosage forms. The compositions containing compounds of the present invention may also be presented as a kit, whereby two or more components, which may be active or inactive ingredients, carriers, diluents, and the like, are provided with instructions for preparation of the actual dosage form by the patient or person administering the drug to the patient. Such kits may be provided with all necessary materials and ingredients

20 contained therein, or they may contain instructions for using or making materials or components that must be obtained independently by the patient or person administering the drug to the patient.

By "pharmaceutically acceptable" it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient

25 thereof.

The terms "administration of or "administering a" compound should be understood to mean providing a compound of the invention to the individual in need of treatment in a form that can be introduced into that individuals body in a therapeutically useful form and therapeutically effective amount, including, but not limited to: oral dosage forms, such as tablets,

30 capsules, syrups, suspensions, and the like; injectable dosage forms, such as IV, IM, or EP, and the like; transdermal dosage forms, including creams, jellies, powders, or patches; buccal dosage forms; inhalation powders, sprays, suspensions, and the like; and rectal suppositories. The term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to a sufficient quantity of the compounds of the present

- 20 -

invention, in a suitable composition, and in a suitable dosage form to treat or prevent the noted disease conditions.

The compounds of the present invention maybe administered in combination with another substance that has a complimentary effect to the tachykinin and substance P inhibitors of 5 the present invention. Accordingly, in the prevention or treatment of emesis, a compound of the present invention may be used in conjunction with other anti-emetic agents, especially 5HT3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, palenosetron and zatisetron, a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone, or GABAjj receptor agonists, such as baclofen.

Likewise, for the prevention or treatment of migraine a compound of the present invention may 10 be used in conjunction with other anti-migraine agents, such as ergotamines or 5HTi agonists, especially sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmatriptan or rizatriptan.

It will be appreciated that for the treatment of depression or anxiety, a compound of the present invention may be used in conjunction with other anti-depressant or anti-anxiety agents, such as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

15 (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RJMAs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, atypical anti -depressants, benzodiazepines, 5-HTi _A agonists or antagonists, especially 5-HT _{J A} partial agonists, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. For the treatment or prevention of eating disorders,

20 including obesity, bulimia nervosa and compulsive eating disorders, a compound of the present invention may be used in conjunction with other anorectic agents. It will be appreciated that for the treatment or prevention of pain or nociception or inflammatory diseases, a compound of the present invention may be used in conjunction with an antiinflammatory or analgesic agent such as an opiate agonist, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, a

25 cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, an interleukin inhibitor, such as an interleukin- 1 inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, an inhibitor of nitric oxide or an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, or a cytokine-suppressing antiinflammatory agent.

It will be appreciated that when using any combination described herein, both the

30 compound of the present invention and the other active agent(s) will be administered to a patient, within a reasonable period of time. The compounds may be in the same pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and therefore administered simultaneously. They may be in separate pharmaceutical carriers such as conventional oral dosage forms which are taken simultaneously. The term "combination" also refers to the case where the compounds are provided in separate

- 21 -

dosage forms and are administered sequentially. Therefore, by way of example, one active component may be administered as a tablet and then, within a reasonable period of time, the second active component may be administered either as an oral dosage form such as a tablet or a fast-dissolving oral dosage form. By a "fast dissolving oral formulation" is meant, an oral 5 delivery form which when placed on the tongue of a patient, dissolves within about 10 seconds. By "reasonable period of time" is meant a time period that is not in excess of about 1 hour. That is, for example, if the first active component is provided as a tablet, then within one hour, the second active component should be administered, either in the same type of dosage form, or another dosage form which provides effective delivery of the medicament.

10 The compounds of this invention may be administered to patients (animals and humans) in need of such treatment in dosages that will provide optimal pharmaceutical efficacy. It will be appreciated that the dose required for use in any particular application will vary from patient to patient, not only with the particular compound or composition selected, but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated, the age and condition of the

15 patient, concurrent medication or special diets then being followed by the patient, and other factors which those skilled in the art will recognize, with the appropriate dosage ultimately being at the discretion of the attendant physician.

In the treatment of the conditions associated with an excess of tachykinins, a suitable dosage level of the compounds of the present invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable

20 salts thereof, is about 0.001 to 50 mg/kg per day, in particular about 0.01 to about 25 mg/kg, such as from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg per day. The dosage range will generally be about 0.5 to 1000 mg per patient per day, which may be administered in single or multiple doses. Preferably, the dosage range will be about 0.5 mg to 500 mg per patient per day; more preferably about 0.5 mg to 200 mg per patient per day; and even more preferably about 5 mg to 50 mg per patient per

25 day. Specific dosages of the compounds of the present invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for administration include 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 100 mg, and 500 mg. Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be provided in a formulation comprising about 0.5 mg to 1000 mg active ingredient; more preferably comprising about 0.5 mg to 500 mg active ingredient; or 0.5 mg to 250 mg active ingredient; or 1 mg to 100 mg active

30 ingredient. Specific pharmaceutical compositions for treatment or prevention of excess tachykinins comprise about 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 100 mg, and 500 mg of active ingredient.

Several methods for preparing the compounds of this invention are illustrated in the following Examples. Starting materials and the requisite intermediates are in some cases commercially available, or can be prepared according to literature procedures or as illustrated

- 22 -

herein. All ¹ H NMR spectra were obtained on instrumentation at a field strength of 400 or 500 MHz.

The following examples are provided for the purpose of further illustration only and are not intended to be limitations on the disclosed invention.

CF ₃

(lS',2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

10

Step A: tert-butyl (2λ,35',4λ)-4-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-3-(4- fluorophenvl ^' )-2-formvlp vrrolidine- 1 -carbox vlate

To a stirred solution of 1.32 mL(15.1 mmol) oxalyl chloride in 7OmL dry methylene chloride under nitrogen atmosphere at -78 ⁰ C was added 2.14 mL (30.1 mmol) DMSO

15 dropwise over 5 min by syringe. After ten min., to this mixture was added a solution of 4.15 g (7.53 mmol) tert-butyl 4-{l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(hydroxymethy l)-3- phenylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate in 15mL dry methylene chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 20 min, then 5.25 mL (37.7 mmol) TEA was added by syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 15min then warmed to room temperature and stirred an

20 additional hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq. IN ηCL (-15 mL) and transferred to a separatory funnel. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2x 15 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (15 mL) then brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under vacuum afford the title compound.

25 Step B: ferf-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-[(liT)-3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-l-en-l-yl]pyiτol idine-l-carboxylate

- 23 -

To a solution of the crude tert-butyl (2/?,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-formylpyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate (step A, 4.49 mmol) in 4OmL dry methylene chloride under nitrogen atmosphere was added 1.8Og (5.39 mmol) (methoxycarbonylmethylene) triphenylphosphorane at 0 ⁰ C. The resulting mixture 5 was stirred at RT for 4hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by Horizon MPLC using a gradient eluting system of 4-35% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 2.43g (90%) of the title compound.

Step C: fert-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-3-(4-

10 fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

To a solution of 2.42 g (4.0 mmol) ter/-butyl (25 _J 35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(l� �)-3-methoxy-3-oxoprop-l-en-l- yl]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (step B) in 10OmL methanol under nitrogen atmosphere was added 15 400mg 10%Pd-C catalyst. The resulting mixture was stirred under 36 psi of hydrogen at RT. After several hours, the catalyst was filtered through filter-aid and the solvent was removed under vacuum to afford 2.37g (98%) of the title compound.

Step D: 3-[(25,35',4 _J R)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(.er /-

20 butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]propanoic acid

A solution of ter/-butyl (25',35',4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxy late (6.69g, 11.0 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (2.31 g, 55.1 mmol) in 150 mL methanol was added 40 mL 25 water. The mixture was heated at 30 oC for 16hr. Upon removeal of volatiles, residue was dissolved in EtOAc. The pH of the solution was adjudted to 3 by addition of 2 N HCl. The aqueous was extracted by EtOAc (2x150 mL). Upon removal of EtOAc, the residue was dried to give the title compound.

30 Step E: tert-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-2-(4- diazo-3-oxobutyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylat e

A solution of 3-[(25',3-9,4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]propanoic acid (4.1Og, 6.93 mmol) in 35 mL

- 24 -

THF was added Et3N (11.8 mmol) and isobutyl chloroformate (10.4 mmol) at 0 oC. After Ih, the mixture was cooled to -78 oC and was added a solution of diazom ethane (prepared from 15g of Diazald in 100 mL ether). The mixture was allowed to warm to rt over 3.5 h. It was quenched with HOAc and was poured into ether. The organic phase was washed with NaHCO3 and NaCl, 5 dried with Na2SO4. Upon removal of solvent, it was purified by Horizon MPLC using a gradient eluting system of 20-34% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 2.57g of the title compound.

Step F: /erf-butyl (25',35 ^r ,4/?)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-( 4- fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate 10

To a solution of 2.57g (4.14 mmol) ter/-butyl (2.?,3S,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(4-diazo-3-oxobutyl)-3- (4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l- carboxylate (intermediate step E) and 1.73 mL (12.4mmol) Et3N in 30 mL methanol was added silver benzoate (47mg, 0.21 mmol) and the solution was stirred at rt for 16h. Upon removal of 15 volatiles, the residue was purified by Horizon MPLC using a gradient eluting system of 16-34% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 2.22g of the title compound. Step G: 4-[(25,35,4λ)-4- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -{tert- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]butanoic acid The title compound was prepared from tert-buty\ (25,35,4Z?)^- {( UJ)-I -[3,5-

20 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-m ethoxy-4-oxobutyl)pyrrolidine-l- carboxylate(Step F) with the same method as in step D.

Step G: ( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

25 A solution of 4-[(25,35,4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}-l-(fert- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]butanoic acid (0.66g, 1.09 mmol) in 30 mL of 4 N HCl in dioxane was stirred at rt for lOhr. Upon removal of volatiles, the residue was dissolved in 30 mL Cη2C12 and was added DMAP (26.9 mg, 0.22 mmol), DEBA (0.38 mL, 2.17 mmol) and EDC (0.42 g, 2.17 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 16 hr. After removal of

30 volatiles, the residue was purified by Horizon MPLC using a gradient eluting system of 50-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 0.46g (87%) of the title compound. MS: 490 (M+ 1).

EXAMPLE 2 and EXAMPLE 3

- 25 -

CF-,

OH

(lS,2i?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-6 (R or S)- hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

To a solution of lS^λ.Sa^^-IClλJ-l-fS.S-bisCtrifluoromethyOphenylJethoxy}-! - (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (194 mg, 0.40 mmol) in 6 mL anhydrous TηF under nitrogen atmosphere cooled to -78°C via dry ice/acetone bath was added a solution of LηMDS (0.8 mL as 1 M solution in TηF). The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for ten minutes, and then allowed to warm to -20 ⁰ C over one hour. MoOPh (516 mg, 1.08 mmol) was then added as a solid to the solution and the resulting mixture was stirred in the dark by wrapping

10 the round bottom flask with aluminum foil. After 10 min, the solution was warmed to room temperature for 100 min. The mixture was quenched with Na2SC»3 solution and was partitioned with ethyl acetate and 2N HCl and the organic layer was then further washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a fritted funnel, and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by preparative TLC plate eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes/2N Nη3 in MeOH

15 (10/10/1) to afford the two isomers as a mixture, which was separated by chiral OJ column on HPLC with EtOH/hexanes (1/9) to give the title compounds. Isomer 1 was named for the less polar isomer (35.9mg), while isomer 2 was the more polar isomer (74.2 mg). MS: 506

20

EXAMPLE 4 and EXAMPLE 5

- 26 -

CH,

CF, "O

(l-S^λ.Sa-O-a-Kl^-l-tS.S-bisCtrifluoromethylJphenylletho xyJ-l-C^fluorophenyO-ό (R or S)- methylhexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one

To a solution of 15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-l- (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (99.6 mg, 0.20 mmol) in 3.5 mL anhydrous TηF under nitrogen atmosphere cooled to -78°C via dry ice/acetone bath was added a solution of LηMDS (0.33 mL as 1 M solution in TηF). The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 ⁰ C for ten minutes, -40 ⁰ C for 20 minutes and then allowed to cooled to -78 ⁰ C. To the solution was added iodomethane (0.051 mL, 0.81 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 90 minutes. The mixture

10 was quenched with Nη4C1 solution (2 drops) and was warmed to rt. The solution was diluted with CH2C12 and was dried with Na ₂ SOA, filtered through a fritted funnel, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC plate eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes/2N NH ₃ in MeOH (10/10/1) to afforded the title compounds as two isomers. Isomer 1 was named for the less polar isomer (41.2 mg), while isomer 2 was the more polar isomer (46.3 mg). MS:

15 504.

EXAMPLE 6 and EXAMPLE 7 CH ₃

CF,

OH

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-6 (R or S)- 20 hydroxy-6-methylhexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one

The title compounds were prepared from (15,2JR ₁ SaS ¹ )^- {(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-meth ylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

- 27 -

with the method described in Example 2. The two isomers were separated by chiral OD column on HPLC. Isomer 1 was named for the less polar isomer, while isomer 2 was the more polar isomer. MS: 520.

( 1 S,2λ,8aS)-6-amino-2- {( Ii?)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

10 Step A: methyl (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylate

To a solution of 15' _J 2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- l- (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (338 mg, 0.69 mmol) and LDA (0.69 mL, C = 2M) in 3 mL TηF under nitrogen atmosphere cooled to -78 ⁰ C via dry ice/acetone bath was added 15 CO(OMe) ₂ (0.070 mL, 0.83 mmol). The mixture was warmed to rt for 2h and was quenched with NH ₄ Cl. The mixture was diluted with ether and was washed with brine, dried with Na ₂ SO/), filtered through a fritted funnel, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Horizon MPLC using a gradient eluting system of 50-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 0.28g (75%) of the title compound. MS: 548 (M+l). 20

Step B: (15,2/2,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyty-S-oxooctahydroindolizine-ό-carboxylic acid The title compounds were prepared from methyl (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylate 25 with the method described in Example 1, step D. MS: 534 (M+l).

benzyl [(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-6-yl]carbamate

- 28 -

To a solution of (lλS,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}- l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylic acid (32 mg, 0.06 mmol) (intermediate step B) in 3 mL anhydrous toluene was added μL DPPA (0.052 mL, 0.24 mmol) and Et ₃ N (0.033 mL, 0.24 mmoL). The resulting solution was heated in 88 ⁰ C oil bath for 3.5 hr; 5 then, cooled to 50 ⁰ C. To the mixture was added 100 μL benzyl alcohol (0.062 mL) and the resulting solution was heated at 100 oC for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the residue was purified by reverse phase EDPLC to give the title compound.

Step D: (15,2λ,8aiS)-6-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)ph enyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-

10 fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

To a solution of benzyl [(15,2/?,8aS)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-6-yl]carbamate (4.3 mg) (Step C) in 5 mL ethanol was added 10 mg 10% palladium on carbon. The resulting suspension was shaken under 40 psi hydrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. The catalyst was filtered

15 off and was dried to give the title compound. MS: 541.

EXAMPLE 9 and EXAMPLE 10

CH ₃

CF-,

20 (15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-6 (R or S)- (hydroxymethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

To a solution of methyl (lS,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylate (20 mg, 0.037 mmol) (intermediate step 25 A, example 8) in 3 mL anhydrous Cη2C12 was added DEBAL-H (0.073 mL, 0.073 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C. The mixture was slowly warmed to -20 ⁰ C over 1.5 hr and was quenched with HOAc. It was diluted with CH ₂ Cl ₂ and was added Na ₂ SO ₄ -IO H ₂ O and stirred at rt for 0.5 h. The suspension

- 29 -

was filtered through celite. Upon removal of volatiles, it was purified by reverse phase HPLC. The fast isomer was labeled as isomer Dl . The slow isomer was labeled as isomer D2. MS: 520.

EXAMPLE 11 and EXAMPLE 12

CR

(lS,2R,8aS)-6 (R or S)-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- l-(4- fluorophenyl)-6-methylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one 10

Step A: methyl (15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylat e

The title compound was prepared from methyl (\S,2R,8aS)-2-{(lR)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylate 15 (intermediate, example 8, stepA) with same procedure as example 4. MS: 562 (M+l).

Step B: (15",2λ,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyty-ό-methyl-S-oxooctahydroindolizine-ό-carboxyl ic acid

A solution of methyl (l5,2 _J R,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4- fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-6-carboxylat e (30 mg, 0.053 mmol) and 20 lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.011 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 1 mL methanol was added 1 mL water and 1 mL TηF. The mixture was heated at 60 ⁰ C for lhr. Upon removal of volatiles, residue was purified by reverse phase ηPLC to give two isomers. The fast isomer was labeled as Dl and the slow isomer was labeled as D2. MS: 548 (M+l).

Step C: (lS,2R,8aS)-6 (R or S)-amino-2- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -

25 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compounds were prepared from Dl and D2 isomers (step B) according to the procedures described in example 8 (steps C and D). MS: 555 (M+l).

- 30 -

EXAMPLE 13

CH,

CF ₃

methyl (15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l _J R)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophen yl)-5- oxo-1, 2,3,5, 8,8a-hexahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate

10 A solution of 4-t erf-butyl 1 -methyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)succinate (1.4Og, 4.73 mmol) in 15 mL of THF at 0 ⁰ C was added a LHMDS (5.09 mmol as a IM solution in THF). After 1 hr, a solution of terf-butyl (2λ,35,4i?)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy } -3 -(4-fluorophenyl)-2-formylpyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate (2.O g, 3.63 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was added at O ⁰ C. The resulting solution was allowed to warmed

15 up to rt for 16 hr. The mixture was diluted with ether and was washed with brine. The organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO-I, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography with EtOAc/hexanes (1 :6 to 1:4). The product was dissolved in 20 mL of 4N HCl in dioxane and stirred at rt for 5h. Volatiles were removed under vacuum. The crude was dissolved in 20 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ and was added DMAP (78 mg, 0.64 mmol), N-(3-

20 Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (1.22g, 6.4 mmol) and diisopropyl ethylamine (1.39 mL, 8.0 mmol). After 12 h at rt, the mixture was diluted with ether and was washed with NaHCOj and brine. The organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO-I, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography with EtOAc/hexanes (1 :4 to 1 :0) to afford the title compound. MS: 546 (M+ 1).

25

EXAMPLE 14

- 31 -

CF ₃

methyl ( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifIuoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate

A solution of methyl (15,2i?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l,2,3,5,8 _» 8a-hexahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate (0.54 g, 0.99 mmol) in 30 mL of MeOH was added 150 mg of Pd/C (10%). The solution was shaken under 50 psi of H ₂ for 7h. The mixture was filtered through celite and was concentrated to afford the title compound. MS: 548 (M+l).

10 EXAMPLE 15

CF ₃

O

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid

15 A solution of methyl (15",2λ,8aS')-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}-l-(4- , fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate (78 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 2 mL of MeOH was added a solution OfLiOHH ₂ O (23.9 mg, 0.57 mmol) in 0.8 mL of water. The resulting solution was heated at 40 ⁰ C for 2.5 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crdue was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 534 (M+l).

20

EXAMPLE 16

- 32 -

CF,

allyl [(15,2λ,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]carbamate

A solution of (lS,2λ,8aS)-2- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -l-(4-fluorophenyl)- 5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid (59.3 mg, 0.11 mmol), DPPA (0.048 mL, 0.22 mL) and Et ₃ N (0.031 mL, 0.22 mmol) in 3 mL of toluene was stirred at rt for 0.5 hr. To the mixture was aeed allyl alcohol (0.075 mL, 1.1 mmol) and was heated at 85 oC for 16 hr. Volatiles were removed and the crude was purified by preparative TLC with acetone/hexanes (1:3) to afford the title compound. MS: 589 (M+l).

10

EXAMPLE 17

CH,

CF ₃

NH2

(lS,2λ,8a5)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-

15 fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of allyl [(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]carbamate (30 mg, 0.051 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ^ (12 mg, 0.1 mmol) and NaBH ₄ (20 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 3 mL of THF was stirred at rt for 2 hr. To the mixture was added 5 mL OfCH ₃ CN and 0.1 mL of 2 N HCl. After gas formation stopped,

20 volatiles were removed and the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 505 (M+l).

- 33 -

EXAMPLE 18

CH ₃

CF ₃

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy } -7-(dimethylamino)- 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( 1 H)-one

A solution of (lS ^l ,2λ,8a5)-7-amino-2- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 - (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(15 mg, 0.024 mniol), molecular sieves (4A, 30 mg), formaldehyde (0.022 mL, 0.288 mmol as

10 37% solution in water), Et ₃ N (0.027 mL, 0.19 mmol) and NaB(OAc) ₃ H (31mg, 0.15 mmol) in 3 mL of THF was stirred at rt for 16 hr. The mixture was filtered through celite and the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 533 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 19

15

CF ₃

/V-[(15,2/?,8a-S)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phe nyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]acetamide

20 A solution of (15,2i?,8aS)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phe nyl]ethoxy}-l-

(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

- 34 -

(15 mg, 0.024 mmol), pyridine (0.020 mL, 0.24 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.012 mL, 0.12 mmol) in 3 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was stirred at rt for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 547 (M+l).

10

EXAMPLE 20

-f/

benzyl (2-{[(15 ^P ,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -l-(4-fluorophenyl)- 15 5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]amino}-l ,l-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl)carbamate

A solution of (15,2/?,8a5)-7-amino-2- {(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 - (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(30 mg, 0.06 mmol), //-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-2-methylalanine (22mg, 0.09 mmol), DCCI (19 20 mg, 0.09 mmol) and ηOBt (13 mg, 0.09 mmol) in 10 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was stirred at rt for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles the crude was purified by Preparative TLC with MeOHZCH ₂ Cl ₂ (5/95) to afford the title compound. MS: 724 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 21 - 35 -

CF ₃

NH2

N-[( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-2-methylalaninamide

The title compound was prepared from benzyl (2-([(15,2.K ₁ SaS)^- ((Ii?)- 1 -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizin-7-yl]amino}- 1 ,l-dimethyl-2-oxoethyl)carbamate with the same procedure as Example 14. MS: 590 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 22

10

CF ₃

O

N-[(15,2λ,8a-S)-2-((lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phen yl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared from (15,2/?,8a5)-7-amino-2-((l/?)-l-[3,5-

15 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one with the same procedure as Example 19. MS: 609 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 23

- 36 -

N-[(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-4-cyanobenzamide

The title compound was prepared from (lS,2λ,8aS)-7-ammo-2-{(l.R)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 19. MS: 634 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 24

CH ₃

CF,

N

10

The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8a5)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 635 (M+l).

15 EXAMPLE 25

- 37 -

CFr,

N-[(l-5',2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phe nyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-λT-(4-isocyanophenyl)urea

A solution of (lS',2/?,8a-S)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)p henyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(10 mg, 0.02 mmol), 4-isocyanatobenzonitrile (7mg, 0.04 mmol) and Et ₃ N (0.009 mL, 0.06 mmol) in 2 mL of CH ₂ CI2 was stirred at rt for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles the crude was purified by Preparative TLC with MeOH/CH ₂ Cl ₂ (5/95) to afford the title compound. MS: 649

10 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 26

CF ₃

15 N-[(l S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1λ)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]methanesulfonamide

A solution of (\S,2R,8aS)-7-amino-2- {(\R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

- 38 -

(11.5 mg, 0.023 mmol), methanesulfonyl chloride (0.014 mL, 0.18 mmol) and Et ₃ N (0.032 mL, 0.23 mmol) in 2 mL of THF was stirred at rt for 2 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 583 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 27

CF ₃

(15',2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoroπiethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[(3- oxocyclopent- 1 -en- 1 -yl)amino]hexahydroindolizin-5( l//)-one

10 A solution of (15,2/? _J 8aS)-7-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 //)-one

(26 mg, 0.051 mmol), cyclopentane-l,3-dione (10 mg, 0.1 mmol) and TsOHH ₂ O (2 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 3 mL of toluene was heated at 130 ⁰ C for 3 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 585 (M+l).

15

EXAMPLE 28

CF ₃

- 39 -

(1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[(3- oxocyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)amiπo]hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8aS)-7-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 27. MS: 599 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 29

CH ₃

CF,

^V O

10 (15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4H-l,2,4- triazol-4-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one A solution of (15,2i?,8a-S)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)ph enyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(23 mg, 0.045 mmol), iV-[(l£)-(dimethylamino)methylene]-AT ₎ N-dimethylhydrazonoformamide

15 (25.8 mg, 0.18 mmol) and TsOη.η2O (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol) in 3.5 mL of toluene was heated at 115°C for 20 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 557 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 30

20

CH ₃

CF,

(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-moφholin-

4-ylhexahydroindolizin- 5 ( lH)-one

- 40 -

A solution of ( lS,2/?,8aS)-7-amino-2- {(IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(23 mg, 0.045 mmol), Et3N (1 mL) and l-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (33mg, 0.14 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF was heated at 100 ⁰ C for 20 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase ηPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 575 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 31 and EXAMPLE 32

CF,

10

(15',2i?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4- oxopiperidin-l-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of (15,2λ,8a-S)-7-amino-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)ph enyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

15 (38 mg, 0.075 mmol) and K ₂ CO ₃ (21 mg, 0.15 mmol) in 2 mL of ethanol was heated to reflux, then 1 -ethyl- l-methyl-4-oxopiperidinium iodide (30 mg, 0.11 mmol) in 1.5 mL of water was added. Heating was continued for 1 hr and the mixture was poured into CH ₂ Cl ₂ . It was washed with water, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by Prep TLC with MeOHZCH ₂ Cl ₂ = 5:95 to afford the title compounds (5.3 mg of fast isomer and 13.6 mg of

20 slow isomer). MS: 587 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 33 and EXAMPLE 34

- 41 -

CF,

( 15,2R,8a5)-2- {(I R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4- hydroxypiperidin-l-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

A solution of (15,2λ,8a _J S)-2-{(li,)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-f luorophenyl)- 7-(4-oxopiperidin-l-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (8.0 mg, 0.014 mmol, slow isomer, Example 34) and NaBη4 (5.2 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 2 mL of MeOH was stirred at rt for 45 minutes and was quenched with 2 N HCl. The crude was worked up with CH2CI2 and NaHCC» ₃ to afford the title compound as isomer A.

Isomer B was prepared from the fast isomer of (\S,2R,SaS)-2-{(lR)-l-[3,5-

10 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4-o xopiperidin-l- yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure. MS: 589 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 35 and EXAMPLE 36

CH,

CF ₃

O

15

(15 _> 2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4- hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one

A solution of (15,2λ,8a.S)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)- 7-(4-oxopiperidin-l-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (28.1 mg, 0.048 mmol, slow isomer,

20 Example 34) in 3 mL of TηF was added MeMgBr (0.068 mL, 0.096 mmol) at 0 ⁰ C. After 1 hr, it was diluted with Cη2CI2 and was quenched with Na2SO_i.lOH2θ and was filtered through celite.

- 42 -

The crude was purified by prep TLC with MeOH/CH ₂ CL ₂ to afford the title compound as isomer

A.

Isomer B was prepared from the fast isomer of (15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4-oxopiperidin- 1 - yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure. MS: 603 (M+l).

EXAMPLE 37 (isomer A) and EXAMPLE 38 ( isomer B)

CF,

10 N-[I -[(\S,2R,8aS)-2- [(IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-4-methylpiperidin-4-yl}-2-chloro acetamide A solution of (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-

7-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one

(28.1 mg, 0.048 mmol, isomer A, Example 37) in 2mL of chloroacetonitrile was added 0.2 mL 15 OfH ₂ SO ₄ (98%) at 0 oC. After 1 hr, it was warmed to rt for 2h. The reaction was quenched with K ₂ CO ₃ and water and was extracted with CH2CI2. Oragnic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep TLC with MeOH/CH∑Ch to afford the title compound as isomer A.

Isomer B was prepared from the isomer B of (lS,2/?,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-

20 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4-h ydroxy-4-methylpiperidin-l- yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(l/f)-one with the same procedure. MS: 679 (M+l).

Example 39

- 43 -

CH-,

CF ₃

NH2

( 15,2i? ₅ 8aS)-7-(4-amino-4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of N- { 1 -[(\S,2R,8aS)-2- {(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-4-methylpiperidi n-4-yl} -2-chloroacetamide (6 mg, 0.0089 mmol, isomer A, Example 38) and thiourea (6.7 mg, 0.088 mmol) in 2mL of ethanol was added 0.4 mL of HO Ac and was heated at 106 ⁰ C for 3 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 602 (M+l).

10

Example 40

CFq

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-7-[(2-chloropyrimidin-4- yl)amino]-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

15 A solution of ( 1 S,2/?,8a.S)-7-amino-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy } - 1 ■ (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(32 mg, 0.064 mmol), 2,4-dichloropyrimidine (15 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Et ₃ N (0.028 mL, 0.19 mmol) in 2 mL of MeOH was heated at 110 ⁰ C in a sealed tube for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase ηPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 617

20 (M+l).

- 44 -

Example 41

CF,

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy> - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(pyriπiidin-

2-ylamino)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of ( 15,2/?,8aS)-7-amino-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 - (4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

(15 mg, 0.03 mmol), 2-bromopyrimidine (10 mg, 0.06 mmol) and K ₂ CO ₃ (21 mg, 0.15 mmol) in 2 mL of DMF was heated at 110 ⁰ C for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified

10 by reverse phase ηPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 583 (M+l).

(1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 - [3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(pyrimidin-

2-ylamino)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

15

(lιS,2/?,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxamide

20

A solution of (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid

- 45 -

(100 mg, 0.19 mmol) in 20 mL of THF was added Et ₃ N (0.028 mL, 0.2 mmol) and ethyl chloroformate (0.02 mL, 0.2 mmol) at -lOoC and was stirred for Ih. Ammonia gas was passed through the solution for Ih and the mixture was allowed to warm to rt for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crdue was purified by prep TLC to with MeOH/CH ₂ Cl ₂ = 10 : 90 to afford the title compound. MS: 533 (M+l).

Example 43

CF,

-NH

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 - [3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-jV-methyl-5-

10 oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxamide

The title compound was prepared from (15',2i2,8a-S)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 547 (M+l).

15 Example 44

CF,

(15,2λ,8a-?)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-λ^V ^: - dimethyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxamide The title compound was prepared from (lS,2/?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-

20 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 561 (M+l).

- 46 -

Example 45 and Example 46 CH ₃

CF ₃

(1 S,2R,&aS)-2- {( IR)-I -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-

(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(liϊ)-one The title compounds was prepared from (lS,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. The fast isomer on TLC plate was label as isomer A and the slow isomer as isomer B. MS: 603 (M+l).

10

CF,

OH

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-{[(3/?)-3- hydroxypyrrolidin-l-yl]carbonyl}hexahydroindolizin-5(lf/)-on e

15 MS: 603 (M+l).

- 47 -

(15,2/?,8ai)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-{[(35)-3- hydroxypyrrolidin- 1 -yljcarbonyl} hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 603 (M+l).

Example 49

10

(l^λ.Sa-^^-tCl^-l-tS.S-bisCtrifluoroinethyOphenyηethoxy l-l^-fluorophenyO-T-tCS- hydroxy-3-methylpyrrolidin-l-yl)carbonyl]hexahydroindolizin- 5(lH)-one

MS: 617 (M+l).

15

- 48 -

CF,

NH2

(15,2λ,8a-S)-7-[(3-amino-3-methylpyrrolidin-l-yl)carbony l]-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 616 (M+l).

Example 51

CF,

10

(15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-£luorophenyl)-7-(piperidin-

1 -ylcarbonyl)hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one MS: 601 (M+l).

15

20

- 49 -

Example 52

CF ₃

OH

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[(4- hydroxypiperidin-l-yl)carbonyl]hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 617 (M+l).

Example 53 and Example 54 F _v

CH ₃

// ~^^ ^^^ ^CF 3

10

(15,2i?,8aiS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[(4- hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one

MS: 631 (M+l).

15

- 50 -

Example 55

CF ₃

NH

(l-?,2λ,8a.y)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[(3- oxopiperazin- 1 -yl)carbonyl]hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one

MS: 616 (M+l).

10 Example 56

CH ₃

A/-(l-{[(15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]carbonyl}-4-niethylpiperidin-4-yl )-2-chloroacetamide

MS: 707 (M+l).

15

- 51 -

Example 57

CF,

(1 S,2/?,8aS)-7-[(4-amino-4-methylpiperidin-l -yl)carbonyl]-2- {( Ii?)- 1 -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 630 (M+l).

10 Example 58 and Example 59

CH ₃

CF,

OH

(15,2λ,8a.S)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-

(hydroxymethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( 1 H)-one

A solution of methyl (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-

15 (4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate (0.076 g, 0.14 mmol) in 3 mL of THF was added LAH (0.27 mL, 0.27 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C. After 30 minutes, it was quenched with HOAc. The mixture was poured into EtOAc and was washed with NH4C1 and NaHCO ₃ , dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to provide its aldehyde form. The aldehyde was dissolved in 3 mL of MeOH and was added NaBH ₄ (42.5 mg, 1.12 mmol) at 0 ⁰ C. After 0.5 hr, it was quenched

20 with 2N HCl. The mixture was poured into CH ₂ Cl ₂ and was washed with brine and NaHCO3,

- 52 -

dried with Na ₂ SOzJ, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by HPLC with chiral OD column to provide the title compounds. MS: 520 (M+l).

CF-,

(lS,2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methoxy-

A/-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxamide MS: 577 (M+l).

10

Example 61 CH ₃

(15,2λ,8a5)-7-acetyl-2- {(1λ)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

15 A solution of (1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(li?)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-

λ/-methoxy-iV-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxam ide

(0.102 g, 0.18 mmol) in 5 mL of TηF was added MeMgBr (0.50 mL, 0.72 mmol) at -78°C. After 30 minutes, it was warmed to rt for 1 hr and was quenched with Na ₂ SO- _I -IOH ₂ O. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep TLC with

20 MeOH/CH ₂ Cl ₂ to provide the title compound. MS: 532 (M+l).

- 53 -

Example 62 and Example 63 CH ₃

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy> - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(l - hydroxy-l-methylethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one The title compound was prepared from (lS,2/?,8aS)-7-acetyl-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-

10 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one with the same procedure as Example 35. MS: 548 (M+l).

Example 64 and 65

CR

15

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-( I - hydroxyethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compound was prepared from (15",2λ,8aS ^r )-7-acetyl-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one

20 with the same procedure as Example 33. MS: 534 (M+l).

- 54 -

Example 66

7V-{l-[(15,2/?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3 ₅ 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-l -methylethyl} acetamide 10 The title compound was prepared from (\S,2R,8aS)-2- {(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-( 1 -hydroxy- 1 - methylethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one and acetonitrile with the same procedure as Example 37. MS: 589 (M+l).

15

CF ₃

λ ^f -{l-[(15',2/?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-l -methylethyl} formamide

20 The title compound was prepared from (15,2/2,83^-2-((1/J)-I-[S, 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(l-h ydroxy-l-

- 55 -

methylethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one and NaCN with the same procedure as Example 37. MS: 575 (M+l).

Example 68 and Example 69 CH ₃

NH^O

\

Cl

10 λ^-{l-[(15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phe nyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl] - 1 -methylethyl } -2-chloroacetamide

The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-( 1 -hydroxy- 1 -

15 methylethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one and chloroacetonitrile with the same procedure as Example 37. MS: 623 (M+l).

Example 70 and Example 71

F.

CH ₃

V IJ z-N-^^^^- ^CF 3

CF,

NH2

20 (15',2λ,8a5)-7-(l-amino-l-methylethyl)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis( trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

- 56 -

The title compound was prepared from N-{l-[(lS,2R,8aS)-2-{(\R)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizin-7-yl]-l- methylethyl}-2-chloroacetamide with the same procedure as Example 39. MS: 547 (M+l).

10 Example 72 and Example 73

CH ₃

XF ₃

CF,

OH

2-[(15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizin-7-yl]propan-2-ol

15 A solution of (l5,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-7-(l-hydroxy-l-methylethyl)hexahydroindolizin- 5(l//)-one (18 mg, 0.036 mmol) in 3 mL of THF was added BH ₃ .SMe ₂ (0.18 mL, 0.36 mmol) and the solution was heated at reflux for 2h. Upon removeal of volatiles, the crude was dissolved in 2 mL of ethanol and was heated at 96 ⁰ C for 2.5 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the residue was pprifϊed by prep TLC with

20 MeOH/CH ₂ Cl ₂ to afford the title compounds. MS: 534 (M+l).

Example 74

- 57 -

CF-,

OH

(\S,2R,8aS)-2- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7- {[(35)-3- hydroxypyrrolidin- 1 -yljmethyl} hexahydroindolizin-5( 1 H)-one

A solution of ( 1 S,2R, 8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 - [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy } - 1 -(4- flυorophenyl)-7-(hydroxymethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (22 mg, 0.04 πunol) in 5 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added Et ₃ N (0.014 mL, 0.06 mmol) and methansulfonyl chloride (0.006 mL, 0.048 mmol) at rt. After 16 hr, volatiles were removed and was redissolved in 2 mL of DMF and (3i!>)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.011 mL, 0.08 mmol) was added.

10 The solution was heated at 80 ⁰ C for 12 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the residue was pprified by prep TLC with NH3-MeOH(2M)/CH ₂ Cl ₂ = 4:96 to afford the title compounds. MS: 589 (M+ 1).

Example 75

15

(l-S ^r ,2λ,8a5)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-{[(3/?)-3- hydro xypyrrolidin-1 -yl]methyl}hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one

MS: 589 (M+l).

- 58 -

Example 76 CH ₃

CF,

(15,2i?,8a5)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-

(moφholin-4-ylmethyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 589 (M+l).

10

Example 77 and Example 78

F^

CH ₃

CF,

methyl (15',2λ,8a5)-2-{(l _J R)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- 15 fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared from methyl (\S,2R,SaS)~2-{(lR)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoo ctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate with the same procedure as Example 73. MS: 534 (M+l).

20 Example 79 and Example 80

- 59 -

cm

CF ₃

[(lS,2i?,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)octahydroinciolizin-7-yl]methanol

The title compounds were isolated as side products from Example 79 and 80. MS: 506 (M+l).

Example 81

V==\ QH ₃

V ] I ~-^^/ ^CF 3

"'.J

^-./

CF ₁

(15,2i?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared from methyl (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-

10 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizine-7-carboxylate with the same procedure as Example 15. MS: 520 (M+l).

Example 82

CF ₃

15

- 60 -

(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(piperidin-

1 -ylcarbonytyoctahydroindolizine

The title compound was prepared from (lS,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l.fl)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)octahyd roindolizine-7-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 587 (M+ 1).

Example 83

CF ₃

(15,2λ,8a _J S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-f luorophenyl)-7- 10 (morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)octahydroindolizine

The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8aS ^r )-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 589 (M+l).

15 Example 84

CF,

l-{[(15,27?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)octahydroindolizin-7-yl]carbonyl}piperidin-4-ol

- 61 -

The title compound was prepared from (15',2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3 ₎ 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -^-fluorophenytyoctahydroindolizine-V-carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Example 20. MS: 603 (M+l).

Example 85 and Example 86

CF ₃

" ^~ O (15,2 _J R,8a/?)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl acetate

10 Step A: tert-butyl (2/?,35,4/-)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-

3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-( 1 -hydroxypent-4-en- 1 -yl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate The title compound was prepared from ter/-butyl (2λ,35,4i?)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -3 -(4-fluorophenyl)-2-formylpyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate with the same procedure as Example 35. 15

Step B: tert-buty] (2R,3S,4R)-2-[ 1 -(acetyloxy)pent-4-en- 1 -yl]-4- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrroli dine-l-carboxylate

The title compound was prepared from tert-buty\ (2J?,35,4i?)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-

20 bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(l-h ydroxypent-4-en-l-yl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate with the same procedure as Example 19.

Step C: 4-(acetyloxy)-4-[(2λ,35',4λ)-4- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -

(ter^butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]bu tanoic acid 25

A solution of ter/-butyl (2λ,35,4/?)-2-[l-(acetyloxy)pent-4-en-l-yl]-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrroli dine-l-carboxylate (301 mg, 0.36 mmol) in 20 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was passed O ₃ at -78 ⁰ C until it turned blue. Excess of ozone was removed by blow N ₂ through the solution. To the solution was added PPti ₃ (609 mg, 2.32 mmol)

- 62 -

and it was warmed to rt for 1.5 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude aldehyde was purified by flash chromatorghy with EtOAc/hexanes = 1:4. The aldehyde was dissolved in 4 mL of tBuOH and was added 1 mL of 2-methylbut-2-ene and a solution OfNaClO ₂ (357 mg, 3.96 mmol) and NaH ₂ PO ₄ (412 mg, 2.99 mmol) in 1.6 mL of water. After 2 hr, the mixture was poured into 5 CH ₂ Cl ₂ and was washed with water. The organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound.

Step D: (l.?,2λ,8a/?)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl acetate

10 The title compound was prepared from 4-(acetyloxy)-4-[(2λ,35,4λ)-4- {(IR)- 1 -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(/erf-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2- yl]butanoic acid with the same procedure as Step G in Example 1. The fast isomer on TLC plate with NH3-MeOH/EtOAc/Hexanes = 1 :10 :10 was labeled isomer A and the slow isomer as isomer B. MS: 548 (M+l).

15

Example 87 and Example 88

CH ₃

.CF ₃

CF,

( 1 S,2R,SaR)-2- {(IK)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-8- hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

20

A solution of the isomer A of 15,2λ,8a/?)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl acetate (42 mg, 0.077) in 3 mL of methanol was added K ₂ CO ₃ (21 mg, 0.15 mmol) and the solution was stirred at rt for 24 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, it was purified by prep TLC with MeOH/CHϊCl∑ = 5:95 to afford the isomer A of the

25 title compound. Similarly, the isomer B was prepared from isomer B of (15,2λ,8a/?)-2-{(lλ)-l- [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5 -oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl acetate. MS: 506 (M+l).

Example 89 and 90

- 63 -

CH ₃

CF-,

(15 _s 2λ,8a/?)-8-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of isomer A of (15,2/?,8aλ)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-8-hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (58.2 mg, 0.11 ramol) in 3 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added Et ₃ N (0.096 mL, 0.66 mmol) and methansulfonyl chloride (0.036 mL, 0.46 mmol) at 0 ⁰ C. After 1 hr, it was diluted with ether and was washed with NaHCO ₃ . The organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The residue was redissolved in 3 mL of DMF and

10 NaN3 (45 mg, 0.69 mmol) was added. The solution was heated at 66 ⁰ C for Ih hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the residue was dissolved in CH ₂ Cl ₂ and was washed once with water. The organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The azide product was dissolved in 5 mL of MeOH and was added Pd-C (38 mg, 10%). The mixture was shaken under 35 psi OfH ₂ for 1.5 and was filtered. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to

15 afford the title compound .pprified by prep TLC with NH ₃ -MeOH(2N)/CH ₂ Cl ₂ = 4:96 to afford the isomer A of the title compounds.

The isomer B of the title compound was prepared from isomer B of (lS,2R,8&R)-2-{(lR)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fiuorophenyl)-8-hydr oxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure. MS: 506 (M+l).

20

CF,

- 64 -

(15,2λ,8a/2)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-8-(dimethylamino)-l-(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compound was prepared from the isomer B (15,2/ϊ,8a/?)-8-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 18. MS: 534 (M+l).

10 N-[(l S,2R,SaR)-2- {(IK)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl]acetamide

The title compound was prepared from the isomer B (15,2λ,8a/?)-8-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 19. MS: 547 (M+l).

15

Example 93 CF ₃

- 65 -

N-[( 1 S,2R,SΆR)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5 -bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5- oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl]benzamide

The title compound was prepared from the isomer B (15,2i?,8a/2)-8-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 19. MS: 609 (M+l).

Example 94

CF ₃

methyl [( 1 S,2R,8aR)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-

10 oxooctahydroindolizin-8-yl]carbamate

A solution of the isomer B (lS,2λ,8aλ)-8-amino-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one ( 10 mg, 0.020) in 3 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added diisopropyl ethylamine (0.069 mL, 0.40 mmol) and methyl chloroformate (0.017 mL, 0.2 mmol) at rt and stirred for 2 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, it was

15 purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 563 (M+l).

Example 95 CF ₃

- 66 -

(15,2i?,8a/?)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-(4H-l,2,4- triazol-4-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

The title compound was prepared from the isomer B (l£,2i?,8ai?)-8-aniino-2- {(l/?)-l -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)hexahyd roindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 29. MS: 557 (M+l).

CF ₃

(15,2i?,8a/?)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-

10 fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizine-5,8-dione

The title compound was prepared from the isomer B of (15,2/2,8^-2-((1.R)-I -[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-hydr oxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the standard Swern oxidation condition (A. J. Mancuso and D. Swern, Synthesis, 1981, 165). MS: 504 (M+l).

15

20

Example 97 and 98

CF ₃

- 67 -

(lS^λ.δaλJ-Z-tCl^-l-tS.S-bisCtrifluoromethyOpheny^etho xyJ-l-C^fluoropheny^-S-hydroxy-S- methyIhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compounds were prepared from (15,2λ,8aλ)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- b is(tri fluoromethy l)phenyl] ethoxy } - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizine-5 ,8 -dione 5 with the procedure as Example 35. MS: 520 (M+l).

CF ₃

(15,2/? _J 8a/?)-2-{(li?)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-8- 10 hydroxyhexahydromdolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compounds were prepared from the isomer B of (lS,2R,SaR)-2-{(lR)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-hydr oxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the procedure as Example 73. MS: 520 (M+l).

15 Example 100 and 101

Fv

CH ₃

⁷ XF ₃

CF ₃

(lS,2/?,8a/?)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-iluorophenyl)-8-methyl-5- oxooctahydroindolizine-δ-carboxylic acid

Step A: (SiS^λH-ICl^-l-tS.S-bisCtriiluoromethyOphenyllethoxy}-!-^^-

20 butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-D-proline.

The title compound was prepared from terf-butyl 4-{l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenylpyrrolidine-l-carboxylate with the swem oxidation followed by same procedure as step C in Example 85.

- 68 -

Step B: tert-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

A solution of (3S,4λ)-4- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy> -1 -(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-D-proline (1.93g, 3.42 mmol) in 20 mL of THF was added 5 Et ₃ N (0.81 mL, 5.81 mmol) and isobutyl chloroformate at 0 ⁰ C. After 1 hr, fresh distilled CH2N2 in ether (generated from 5 g of N,4-dimethyl-N-nitrosobenzenesulfonamide) was added and stirred at 0 ⁰ C for 1 hr and at rt for 1 hr. It was quenched with HOAc and poured into ether. The organic phase was washed with NaHCC« ₃ and brine, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatorghy with EtOAc/hexanes (10% to 100%) 10 to afford the diazoketone imtermidiate, which was dissolved in 15 mL of methanol and was added silver benzoate (28 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1 mL OfEt ₃ N. After 18 hr, volatiles were removed and crude was purified by flash chromatorghy with EtOAc/hexanes (0% to 100%) to afford the title compound.

15 Step C: tert-bnty\ (2λ,35,4/?)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy- 1 -methyl-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

A solution of ter/-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethox y}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate (0.24g, 0.41 mmol) in 6 mL of 20 THF was added LHMDS (3.29 mL, 3.29 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C and was added MeI after 20 minutes. It was allowed to warmed to - 40 ⁰ C for 2 hr and was quenched with HOAc. It was poured into CH2C12 and was washed with NaHCOa and brine, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep TLC with acetone/hexanes = 1 : 6 to afford the title compound.

25 Step D: /erf-butyl (2i?,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-

3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[ 1 -(methoxycarbonyl)- 1 -methylbut-3-en- 1 -yl]pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

The title compounds were prepared from terf-butyl (2/?,3.?,4/2)-4-{(l/2)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-m ethoxy-l-methyl-2- 30 oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate and allyl iodide with the procedure as step C

Step E: terf-butyl (2λ,3S',4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-[4-hydroxy- 1 -(methoxycarbonyl)- 1 -methylbutyl]pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

- 69 -

A solution of 2, 3-dimethylbut-2-ene (0.047 mLg, 0.40 mmol) in 2 mL of THF was added BH ₃ -SMe ₂ (0.20 mL, 0.40 mmol) at 0 ⁰ C. After 40 minutes, a solution of /erf-butyl (2λ,3S,4λ)-4- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[ 1 -(methoxycarbonyl)- 1 - methylbut-3-en-l-yl]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate and (0.027 mg, 0.050 mmol) in 3 mL of THF was 5 added and was stirred at rt for 16 hr. It was cooled to 0 ⁰ C and was added a mixture OfH ₂ O ₂ and 2 N NaOH (3 mL, 1 :1). The mixture was heated at 50 ⁰ C for 1 hr and was poured into EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried with Na ₂ Sθ4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep TLC with acetone/hexanes = 1 : 3 to afford the title compound.

10 Step F: 4-[(2R,3S,4R)-4- {(li?)-l -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -{tert- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-5-methoxy -4-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl (2if,3.S ^r ,4λ)-4-{(li?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-hydroxy- 1 -(methoxycarbonyl)- 1 - methylbutyl]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate with the swern oxidation followed by same procedure as

15 step C in Example 85.

Step G: methyl (15,2/? _J 8aλ)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-

(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-8-carb oxylate

20 The title compound was prepared from 4-[(2λ,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(?er/-butoxycarbonyl)-3 -(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]- 5-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid with the same procedure as step G in Example 1. MS: 562 (M+l).

25 Step H: (lS',2λ,8aλ)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]et hoxy}-l-(4- fluoropheny^-S-methyl-S-oxooctahydroindolizine-δ-carboxylic acid

The title compound was prepared from methyl (15",2λ,8ai?)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-meth yl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-8- 30 carboxylate with the same procedure as Example 87. The fast isomer on reverse phase HPLC was labeled isomer A and the slow isomer as isomer B. MS: 548 (M+l).

Example 102 and 103

- 70 -

CF,

( lS,2λ,8aλ)-8-amino-2- {(1/?)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl3ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-8- methylhexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one

The title compounds were prepared from lS,2λ,8a/?)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-8- carboxylic acid with the same procedure as Step C and D in Example 8. MS: 519 (M+l).

Example 104

HO ^{" * F}

10 ( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 - [3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy } - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7- hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one

Step A: ter.-butyl (2S,3S,4λ)-4- {(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-

3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

15 A solution of /er*-butyl (25,3-S',4λ)-4- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate (Step B of Example 100) (1.95 g, 3.28 mmol) in 30 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added DIBAL-H (5.25 mL, 5.25 mmol) at -78°C. After 1.5 hr, it was quenched with MeOH and warmed up to rt. The mixture was poured into ether and was added Na ₂ SO ₄ 10H ₂ O and stirred for 0.5 hr. It was filtered through celite and

20 concentrated to afford the title compound.

Step B: tert-butyl (25,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(4-/erf- butoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate

- 71 -

A solution of tert-butyl acetate (0.37 mL, 2.72 mmol) in 10 mL of THF was added LHMDS (2.41 mL, 2.41 mraol) at -78 ⁰ C. After 15 minutes, a solution of *er/-butyl (2iS,35",4λ)-4- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluoro phenyl)-2-(2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-l- carboxylate (0.85 g, 1.51 mmol) in 5 mL of THF was added at -78 ⁰ C. After 1 hr, it was warmed 5 to -40 ⁰ C for 1 hr. It was quenched with brine and warmed up to rt. The mixture was poured into ether and was washed with NaHCθ ₃ , dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography with EtOAc/hexanes = 1 :6 to 1 :4 to provide the title compounds. MS: 524 (M-155).

10 Step C: (l5,2/?,8aS)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-7-hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one The title compound was prepared tert-butyl (25",35,4^-4-((1/J)-I-[S ₅ S- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(4-/'err-butoxy-2-hydro xy-4-oxobutyl)-3-(4- fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate with the same procedure as step G of Example 1. MS:

15 506 (M+l).

Example 105 CF ₃

O

(l-S',2/?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]ethoxy}-l-(4- 20 fluorophenyl)tetrahydroindolizine-5 , 7( 1 H, 6H)-di one

A solution of (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)- 7-hydroxyhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (0.089 g; 0.18 mmol) in 5 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added PCC-Alumina (0.38 g, 0.35 mmol) at rt. After 18 hr, it was filtered through celite. The crude was purified by prep TLC with EtOAc/hexanes = 2:1 to afford the title compound. MS: 504 (M+l). 25

Example 106

- 72 -

F ₃ CO ₂ S O

(15,2/?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo- 1 ,2,3,5,8, 8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate

A solution of (1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)tetrahydroindolizine-5,7(lH,6H)-dione (0.31 g, 0.62 mmol) in 6 mL of TηF was added KηMDS (1.85 mL, 0.925 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C. After 0.5 hr, it was added a solution of N-(5- chloropyridin^-y^-l.l.l-trifluoro-N-t^fluoromethy^sulfonyljm ethanesulfonamide (0.303 g, 0.77 mmol) in 3 mL of TηF at -78 oC. After 1.5 hr, It was poured into ether and was washed

10 with NaHCCh and brine, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography with EtOAc/hexanes = 1:4 to afford the title compound. MS: 636 (M+ 1).

15

(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-phenyl-

2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of (15,2/?,8aS)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-

20 fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-1 ,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.023g, 0.039 mmol), PhB(OH) ₂ (0.096 g, 0.078 mmol), Na ₂ CO ₃ (0.0083, 0.078 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄

- 73 -

(0.0091 g, 0.0078 mmol) in 1.5 mL of toluene was added 0.25 mL of water and 0.25 mL of ethanol. The solution was heated at 120 ⁰ C for 16 hr and was poured into ether. It was washed with NaHCθ ₃ , dried with Na ₂ SCM, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by prep TLC with EtOAc/hexanes = 1:1 to afford the title compound. MS: 564 (M+l).

Example 108

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7- 10 phenylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compound was prepared from (15',2i?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-phen yl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin- 5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Step C of Example 1. MS: 566 (M+l).

15

20

25 Example 109

- 74 -

(15,2λ,8aS)-7-(l-benzyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l- (4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one. MS: 644 (M+l).

Example 110

(15',2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]eth oxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(l _J H- pyrazol-4-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compound was prepared from (15',2λ,8aS)-7-(i-benzyl-l//-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-

10 {(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluoro phenyl)-2,3,8,8a- tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Step C of Example 1. MS: 556 (M+l).

15

Example 111

- 75 -

( 1 S,2R, 8aS)-7-( 1 -benzyl- lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -

(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one The title compound was isolated as side product in example. MS: 646 (M+l).

Example 112

( 1 S,2R, 8aS)-2- {(1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-£luorophenyl)-7-pyridin-4- 10 yl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 565 (M+l).

15

Example 113 and Example 114 - 76 -

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-pyridin-4- ylhexahydroindolizin-5( l//)-one MS: 567 (M+l).

10 (1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {(\R)-l -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy>- l-(4-fluoroρhenyl)-7-(l - oxidopyridin-4-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of ( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4- fluorophenyl)-7-pyridin-4-yl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one (O.OlOg, 0.016mmol) in 2 mL Of CH ₂ Cl ₂ was added 0.25 MCPBA (16 mg, 0.071 mmol). After 1 hr, It was poured into 15 CH ₂ Cl ₂ . It was washed with 2 N NaOH, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound. MS: 581 (M+l).

- 77 -

(\S,2R,8aS)-2- [(1R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluoroρhenyl)-7-( 1 - oxidopyridin-4-yl)hexahydroindoIizin-5(l//)-one

MS: 583 (M+l).

HN M- #

N

10

( 1 S,2λ,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy> - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-( 1 H- pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

MS: 554 (M+l).

15

- 78 -

Example 118

CF ₃

(lS'^λ.δaSJ^-^l^-l-ta^-bisCtrifluoromethyOphenyllethoxy l-l-C^fluorophenylJ-y-Cl-methyl- lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 568 (M+l).

Example 119

10

(l^^λ.Sa^^-ICl^-l-CS.S-bisCtrifluoromethyOpheny^ethoxyl- l^-fluorophenyO-T-pyrimidin-

5-yl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-<me

MS: 566 (M+l).

15

20

- 79 -

Example 120 CF ₃

(1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(6- fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 583 (M+l).

Example 121

10 (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-pyridin-3- yl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one MS: 565 (M+l).

15

- 80 -

Example 122

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(l - oxidopyridin-3-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 581 (M+l).

Example 123

10

4-[(15,2i?,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-

1 , 2,3,5, 8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl]benzonitrile . MS: 589 (M+l).

15

- 81 -

Example 124

CF ₃

(15,2λ,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

MS: 595 (M+l).

Example 125

10

A solution of (15,2 _J R,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l- (4- fluorophenyl)- 7-(6-methoxypyridin-3 -yl)-2,3 , 8 , 8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one (0.012g, 0.020mmol) in 3 mL of chloroform was added TMSI (0.029 mL, 0.2 mmol) and the solution was heated at reflux for 4.5 hr. Then 1 mL of methanol was added and the resulting solution was

15 heated at reflux for 1 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound. MS: 581 (M+l).

- 82 -

Example 126

CF ₃

(15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluoroρhenyl)-7-(2- methylpyridin-4-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 579 (M+l).

Example 127

10

CF ₃

( \S,2R,SaS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(2- fluoropyridin-4-yl)-2,3 _J 8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

MS: 583 (M+l).

15

- 83 -

Example 128 and 129

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(2- fluoropyridin-4-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 585 (M+l).

Example 130

10

4-[(15,2/?,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo- l^.S.Sjδ.δa-hexahydroindolizin-T-yljbenzaldehyde

MS: 592 (M+l).

15

- 84 -

Example 131

OH

The title compound was prepared from (4-[(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(li?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo- l,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7- yl]benzaldehyde with the same procedure as Example 33.

MS: 594 (M+l).

10 Example 132

(\S,2R,SaS)-2- {( \R)-l -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy>- 1 ,7-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a- 15 tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 582 (M+l).

- 85 -

Example 133

N- {4-[(\S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1 R)-I -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo- l^^S^Sa-hexahydroindolizin-V-yljphenytymethanesulfonamide

MS: 657 (M+l).

10 Example 134

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[4-(lH- pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

15 MS: 630 (M+l).

- 86 -

Example 135

(15,2/?,8£LS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trijfluoromethyl)pheny l]ethoxy}-7-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-l (4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one MS: 583 (M+l).

10

Example 136

CF ₃

( 1 S,2/?,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy> - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(l ,3-

15 oxazol-2-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

MS: 555 (M+l).

20

- 87 -

tert-buty! 4-[(15',2λ _> 8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4 -fluorophenyl)- 5-oxo-l,2,3,5, 8, 8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl]-3,6-dihydropyridine-l(2H)-carbox ylate

MS: 669 (M+l).

10

Example 138

CF,

- 88 -

/ert-butyl 4-[(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-

5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]piperidine-l-carboxyIate

MS: 617 (M-55).

Example 139

(1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-piperidin-

4-ylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one 10 The title compound was prepared from (ferr-butyl 4-[(lS,2R,SaS)-2- {(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]ρiperidine- 1-carboxylate with the same procedure as Step G of Example 1. MS: 573 (M+l).

15

CF ₃ o

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-7-(l -acetylpiperidin-4-yl)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

- 89 -

The title compound was prepared from (15,2i?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)pheπyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-pip eridin-4-ylhexahydroindolizin- 5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Step G of Example 19. MS: MS: 615 (M+l).

( \S,2R,SaS)-2- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[ 1 -(3- oxocyclopent-l-en-l-yl)piperidin-4-yl]hexahydroindolizin-5(l H)-one

10 The title compound was prepared from (lS,2R,SaS)-2-{(lR)-\-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy } - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-piperidin-4-ylhexahydroindolizin- 5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Step G of Example 27. MS: 653 (M+l).

Example 142

15

- 90 -

( lS,2R,$aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -7-(l ,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en- 8-yl)- 1 -(4-fiuorophenyl)-2,3 ,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-oneMS : 626 (M+l ).

(1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4- oxocyclohex-l-en-l-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l/- ^r )-one

10 A solution of (lS'^λ.δaS^^-ICl^-l-tS.S-bisCtrifluoromethyOphenyllethoxyJ -T-Cl ,4- dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-te trahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (0.030g, 0.048 mmol) in 2 mL of acetone was added PPTS (3 mg, 0.012 mmol) and 0.2 mL of water. The solution was heated at reflux for 20 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by prep TLC with acetone/hexanes = 1:3 to afford the title compound. MS: 582 (M+l).

15

Example 144

- 91 -

(15,2λ,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4- hydroxycyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(4-o xocyclohex-l-en-l-yl)-2,3,8,8a- tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 33. MS: 584 (M+l).

Example 145

CF ₃

(lS,2/?,8aS)-2- {(1λ)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -7-( 1 -tert-butyl- 1 ,2,3,6- 10 tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahyd roindolizin-5(l//)-one

A solution of (l.S',2λ ₎ 8aS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4 - fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l, 2,3,5, 8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.02 Ig, 0.036 mmol), l-fert-butyl-4-(trimethylstannyl)-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (0.022 g, 0.073 mmol), Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ (0.0084 g, 0.0072 mmol) and LiCl (4.2 mg, 0.15 mmol) in 3 mL of dioxane was 15 heated under N2 at 120 ⁰ C for 16 hr. It was poured into CH ₂ Cl ₂ - It was washed with NaHCO ₃ , dried with Na ₂ SO- _I , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by reverse phase afford the title compound. MS: 625 (M+l).

20

25

- 92 -

Example 146

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -7-( 1 -tert-butylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1 -

(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindoIizin-5(l//)-one

To a solution of (l^^λ^a-SJ^-tClλJ-l-CS.S-bisOrifluoromethyOphenylJethoxyJ- T-Cl-ter/-

10 butyl-l _J 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-te trahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (8.2 mg, 0.013 mmol) in 3mL methanol under nitrogen atmosphere was added 10 mg 10%Pd-C catalyst. The resulting mixture was stirred under 50 psi of hydrogen at RT. After 2 hours, the catalyst was filtered through filter-aid and the solvent was removed under vacuum to afford the title compound. MS: 629 (M+ 1).

15

Example 146

- 93 -

CF ₃

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy} -7-( 1 -ter/-butylpiperidin-4-yl)- 1 -

(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

To a solution of (15',2/?,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3 _J 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-7-(l-/er/- butyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3 ,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one (74.9 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 10 mL methanol under nitrogen atmosphere was added 10 mg 10%Pd-C catalyst. The resulting mixture was stirred under 25 psi of hydrogen at RT. After 16 hours, the catalyst was filtered through filter-aid and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The crude was purified by prep TLC with Nη3-MeOη/EtOAc/hexanes = 1 :10:10 to afford the title

10 compound. MS: 627 (M+l).

15

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 - [3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -7-(3 ,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)- 1 - (4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

- 94 -

The title compound was prepared from (15,2λ,8aiS)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bisCtrifluoromethyOpheny^ethoxyj-l-C^fluorophenyO-S-oxo-l^.S .S.Sjδa-hexahydroindolizin-?- yl trifluoromethanesulforiate with the same procedure as Example 145. MS: 570 (M+l).

10

Example 148 and 149

CF ₃

15 (15,2/?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(tetrahydro-

2H-pyran-4-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5 ( 1 H)-one The title compound was prepared from (15',2λ,8a-S)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-7-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4 -yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a- tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 146. MS: 574 (M+l).

20

Example 150

- 95 -

( \S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l/0-one

The title compound was prepared from (lS,2λ,8aiS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-7-(3,6-dihydro-2//-pyran- 4-yl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a- tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one with the same procedure as Example 146 except that the reaction time is 15 minutes. MS: 572 (M+l).

10

Example 151 and 152

(15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluoroρhenyl)-7-(5-

15 oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2,3,8 _» 8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

A solution of (lS' ₎ 2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- l-(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l, 2,3,5, 8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.030 g, 0.047 mmol), (2Z)-but-2-ene-l,4-diol (0.005 mL, 0.061 mmol), NaHCO ₃ (0.01 g, 0.12 mmol),

- 96 -

tetrabutylammonium chloride (13 mg, 0.046 mmol) and Pd(OAc) ₂ (0.4 mg, 0.0018mmol) in 1 mL of DMF was heated under N ₂ at 70 ⁰ C for 3 hr. It was poured into EtOAc. It was washed with water, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The intermediate was dissolved in 3 mL toluene and was added Ag2CO3-celite (55 mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80 ⁰ C for 24 hr and was filtered. Upon removal of volatiles, crude was purified by prep TLC to afford the title compounds. MS: 572 (M+ 1).

Example 153 CF ₃

10 (l5,2/?,8a5)-2-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(3-methyl- l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one A solution of (1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-l,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.02Og, 0.034 mmol), methylamidoxime (15 mg, 0.20 mmol), Et ₃ N (0.1 mL, 0.72 mmol) and Pd(PPh ₃ ) ₄ 15 (7.9 mg, 0.068 mmol) in 3 mL of toluene was heated under CO balloon at 95 ⁰ C for 16 hr. Upon removal of volatiles, the crude was purified by prep TLC with MeOHZCH ₂ Cl ₂ = 5:95 afford the title compound. MS: 570 (M+l).

Example 154 and Example 155

- 97 -

( 1 S,2R,SaS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 - [3 , 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy) -7-(3-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl)- 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one MS: 572 (M+l).

Example 156

CF ₃

( 15,27?,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -7-(3-ethyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)- l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin-5(l//)-one

10 MS: 584 (M+l).

Example 157

- 98 -

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1/?)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)ρhenyl]ethoxy} -7-(3-ethyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-

1 -(4-fluorophenyl)hexahydroindolizin-5( lH)-one MS: 586 (M+l).

Example 158 CF ₃

(l^λ.δa^^-fCl^-l-tS^-bisCtrifluoromethy^pheny^ethoxyJ-l ^-fluorophenyO-T-CS- isopropyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-23,8,8a-tetrahydroindolizin- 5(l.H)-one

10 MS: 598 (M+l).

15

Example 159 - 99 -

^p O

/ N ^\ N x,

(l5,2λ,8aS)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyI)-7-(3- isopropyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)hexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one MS: 600 (M+l).

Example 160 CF ₃

CO ₂ CH ₃ methyl (15,2λ,8a5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]etho xy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7- methyl-S-oxooctahydroindolizine-T-carboxylate

10

Step A: tert-butyl (2S,3S,4K)-4- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -3-(4- fl uorophenyl)-2-(3 -methoxy-2-methyl-3 -oxopropyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

A solution of tert-butyl (25,35 ₎ 4 _J R)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-

15 fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxy late (Step C of Example 1) (0.12 g, 0.20 mmol) in 5 mL of THF was added LHMDS (1.58 mL, 1.58 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C and was added MeI after 20 minutes. It was stirred at - 78 ⁰ C for 2 hr and was quenched with HOAc. It was poured into ether and was washed with NaHCO3 and brine, dried with Na ₂ SO-), filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound.

20

- 100 -

Step B: tert-buty\ (2S,3S,4R)-4- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-methylpent-4-en- 1 -yl]pyrrolidine- lj-carboxylate A solution of tert-buty] (25',3S ^r ,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3 _> 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine- l-carboxylate (0.25 g, 0.40 5 mmol) in 15 mL of THF was added LHMDS (1.58 mL, 1.58 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C and was added allyl iodide after 20 minutes. It was warmed to rt for 80 minutes and was quenched with HOAc. It was poured into ether and was washed with NaHCC> ₃ and brine, dried with Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography with EtOAc/hexanes = 1 :9 to afford the title compound.

10

Step C: 3-{[(2.?,35,4λ)-4-{(l/2)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy}-l-(/er/- butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-4- methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid

The title compound was prepared from tert-buty\ (2S,3S,4R)-4-{(lR)-\-[3,5-

15 bis(trifiuoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-methylpent-4- en-l-yl]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate same procedure as step C in Example 85. MS: 580 (M-99).

Step D: methyl (lS,2R,SaS)-2- {(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-7-rnethyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxyla te 20 The title compound was prepared from 3-{[(25,3.S',4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3 _> 5- bi s(tri fl uoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy } - 1 -(f erf-butoxycarbonyl)-3 -(4-fluorophenyl)pyrro lidin-2- yl]methyl}-4-methoxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid with the same procedure as step G in Example 1. MS: 562 (M+l).

25

Example 161 CF ₃

CO ₂ H

- 101 -

( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-5- oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylic acid

A solution of methyl (15,2λ _J 8a-5)-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-( 4- fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7-carboxylat e

(71 mg, 0.13) and LiOKH ₂ O (26 mg, 0.63 mmol) in 1 mL of methanol was 1 mL of THF and 1 mL of water. The solution was heated at 60 ⁰ C for 16 hr and was poured into CH ₂ Cl ₂ . The organic phase was washed with pH = 4 buffer solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with

CH ₂ Cb (2x) and EtOAc (IX). The combined organic phase was dried with Na ₂ SO,j, filtered and

10 concentrated to afford the title compound. MS: 548 (M+l).

Example 162 CF ₃

benzyl [( 1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {( IR)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7- 15 methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7-yl]carbamate

The title compound was prepared from (lS,2R,8aS)-2-{(lR)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7-rnethyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizine-7- carboxylic acid with the same procedure as step C of Example 8. MS: 653 (M+l).

20 Example 163

- 102 -

NH ₂

(15,2/?,8a-S)-7-amino-2- {( 1 R)- 1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} - 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-7- methylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

The title compound was prepared from benzyl [(lS^λ.δaS^-fOλη-tS.S- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-meth yl-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-7- yl]carbamate with the same procedure as step D of Example 8. MS: 519 (M+l).

Example 164

9 ^F 3

AcO

10 (\S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1λ)- l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-

5-oxooctahydroindolizin-6-yl acetate

Step A: tert-butyl (2,S' _J 35',4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}- 3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(3 -methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine- 1 -carboxylate

15 A solution of ter*-butyl (2-y,3ιS',4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]e thoxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidine- l-carboxylate (0.115 g, 0.19 mmol) in 5 mL of TηF was added LηMDS (1.58 mL, 1.58 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C and was added MeI ( 0.074 mL, 1.19 mmol) after 20 minutes. It was warmed to rt for 90 minutes and was quenched with Nη ₄ CI. It was poured into ether and was washed with NaHCC> ₃ and brine, dried with

20 Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound.

- 103 -

Step B: tert-butyl (2S,3S,4R)-4- {( IR)- 1 -[3 ,5-bis(tri fluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy} -3 -(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-l- carboxylate

A solution of ter/-butyl (25,35,4/?)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)ρhenyl]etho xy}-3- (4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrτ olidine-l -carboxylate (0.158 g, 5 0.25 mmol) in 5 mL OfCH ₂ Cl ₂ was added DIBAL-H (0.52 mL, 0.52 mmol) at -78 ⁰ C. After 110 minutes it was quenched with MeOH. It was poured into CH ₂ Cl ₂ and was dried with Na ₂ SO-), filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound.

Step C : .err-butyl (2-S' _J 35',4 _J R)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(2,2 -

10 dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l-carbox ylate

The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl (25,3S,4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-h ydroxy-2,2- dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate with the same procedure as step A in Example 1. MS:

(M+l). 15

Step D : tert-butyl (2S,35,4λ)-2-[3-(acetyloxy)-2,2-dimethyIpent-4-en-l -yl]-4- {(1λ)-1-

[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)py rrolidine-l-carboxylate The title compound was prepared tert-butyl (25,35',4λ)-4-{(li?)-l-[3 ₎ 5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-2-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxoprop yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine- 20 1 -carboxylate same procedure as Example 35 followed by acylation by the procedure in example

19.

Step E : 2-(acetyloxy)-4-[(25,35',4λ)-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluorom ethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-

(ter?-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]- 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid 25

The title compound was prepared from ter/-butyl (25,35,4/?)-2-[3-(acetyloxy)-2,2- dimethylpent-4-en-l-yl]-4-{(l/?)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]ethoxy}-3-(4- fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate by same procedure as Step C in Example 85. MS: 694

(M+l) 30

Step F : (1 S,2R,8aS)-2- {(1λ)-1 -[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l -(4- fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-6-yl acetate

- 104 -

The title compound was prepared from 2-(acetyloxy)-4-[(2S,35,4λ)-4-{(lλ)-l-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(/ert-butoxycarbonyl)-3 -(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]- 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid by same procedure as Step G in Example 1. MS: 576 (M+l).

Example 165 and 166

CF ₃

HO-

(15,2/? _J 8a-S}-2-{(lλ)-l-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-( 4-fluorophenyI)-6-hydroxy-

7,7-dimethylhexahydroindolizin-5(lH)-one

10 The title compound was prepared from (lS,2R,SaS)-2-{(\R)-\-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-di methyl-5-oxooctahydroindolizin-6- yl acetate by same procedure as in Example 87. MS: 534 (M+l).

- 105 -