The subject of the invention is an acousto-optic RP signal spectrum analyzer intended for analyzing and measuring electrical signals with high carrier frequency, both impulse and constant.

For spectral analysis and the measurement of RP (Radio Frequency) signals with high carrier frequency, both impulse and constant, acousto-optic spectrum analyzers (AO As) are used. They allow for analyzing signals within a very broad frequency band, at the level of several GHz, at a resolution of a few tens of kHz up to a few MHz. The phenomenon used in AO As to measure an detect RF signals is the diffraction of monochromatic laser beam on a diffraction grating generated in the material as a result of acoustic wave propagation inside it. The acoustic wave excited in the material by a piezoelectric transducer generates a Bragg diffraction grating inside it. The angle of diffraction for monochromatic light on the diffraction grating generated is proportional to the v frequency of RF signal, while the intensity of diffracted light is a function of the RP signal amplitude. The analysis of RF signal spectrum frequency consists in measuring the diffraction angle for monochromatic (laser) light and the intensity of light diffracted at a specific angle. The detection of diffracted waves makes it possible to determine the frequency components of RF signal incoming to the transducer.

Two basic acousto-optic spectrum analyzers (AO As) are known. In the first one RF signal comes to the piezoelectric transducer attached to an optical crystal, where an acoustic wave is excited. The wave inside the crystal generates a bulk Bragg diffraction grating, whose spatial frequency is proportional to the RF signal frequency. A

monochromatic light beam is projected perpendicularly onto the grating. Light diffracted on the Bragg diffraction grating is focused by the lens on the multi-segment photo detector. The position of light spot on the detector is a function of RF signal v frequency, and is proportional to the signal amplitude. By knowing the intensity of light incoming to the particular cells of multi-segment detector it is possible to determine the value of frequency components for RF signal incoming to the piezoelectric transducer.

The first type of acousto-optic spectrum analyzers (AO As) is constructed based on classic 3D optical systems. An example structure of such an analyzer describes the patent application FR2732468 (The broadband acousto-optic spectrum analyzer).

In the second type of acousto-optic spectrum analyzers (AO As), made in the so- called planar technology, where a surface acoustic wave generated by the piezoelectric transducer stimulated by RF signal propagates on the crystal surface and generates on it a planar diffraction grating. The monochromatic light beam propagates in a planar optical fiber generated on the surface of crystal and is formed by thin-layer planar lenses generated on the surface of crystal in the optical fiber layer. The first one of the lenses forms a flat parallel light beam propagating perpendicularly to the acoustic wave. This beam bends on the diffraction grating generated by the acoustic wave. Another lens focuses the light beams diffracted at the planar diffraction grating, on the multi-segment photo detector integrated with the optical fiber. The position of light spot on the detector is a function of frequency v of the RF signal, while the intensity of light is proportional to the signal amplitude. By knowing the intensity of light incoming to the particular cells of multi- segment detector it is possible to determine the value of particular frequency components for RF signal incoming to the piezoelectric transducer. An example structure of such an analyzer using a planar technology describes the patent application US4253060 (RF spectrum analyzer).

The RF acousto-optic spectrum analyzer, equipped with a source of polychromatic light, optical spectrometer with a multi-segment photo detector and an acousto-optic transducer placed in the light beam route, fitted with a piezoelectric transducer connected to the source of RF signals that generates the Bragg grating within the area of the wave propagation, according to the invention, rely on that the acousto-optic transducer comprises a short section of optical fiber, to the base of which a piezoelectric transducer is attached, while the opposite end of the short section is connected with another optical fiber section connected via a beam splitter with the first optical fiber section, to which a source of polychromatic light is attached, and the third section of optical fiber with an optical spectrometer attached, while the piezoelectric transducer is placed at the extension of the optical axis of the optical fiber second section.

Another acousto-optic RF spectrum analyzer, equipped with a source of

polychromatic light, an optical spectrometer with multi-segment photo detector and an acousto-optic transducer placed in the light beam route, fitted with a piezoelectric transducer connected to the source of RF signals that generates the Bragg grating within the area of the wave propagation, according to the invention, rely on that the acousto-optic transducer is fitted with a gradient lens composed of two coaxially connected parts, the first and the second, while the piezoelectric transducer is attached to the base of the first part, while the base of the second part is connected with the second section of optical fiber connected via a beam splitter with the first optical fiber section, with the first optical fiber section, to which a source of polychromatic light is attached, and the third section of optical fiber with an optical spectrometer attached, while the piezoelectric transducer is placed at the extension of optical axis of the second section of optical fiber.

It is advantageous, if between the first and the second part of the gradient lens, a diaphragm is coaxially placed with a diameter lower than the gradient lens in the connection zone of both parts.

It is also advantageous, if between the first and the second part of the gradient lens a layer suppressing the acoustic wave generated in the first part, is placed.

The solution as proposed by the invention, uses the phenomenon of selective reflection of light with different wavelengths from bulk Bragg diffraction gratings generated by acoustic wave using the RF signal for analyzing the RF spectrum. Thanks to this, it is possible to use polychromatic light without reducing such parameters as resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio.

This invention is presented in the embodiment as shown in the drawing, where fig. 1 shows a schematic of an RF acousto-optic spectrum analyzer (AOA), fig. 2 presents the acousto-optic transducer composed of a piezoelectric transducer attached to the short section of optical fiber in side view, and fig. 3 the acousto-optic transducer composed of a piezoelectric transducer attached to the gradient lens.

As shown in fig. 1 , the RF acousto-optic spectrum analyzer (AO A) is equipped with a source of polychromatic light ZSP with its first lens Si introducing light to the first section A of optical fiber, acousto-optic transducer PAO connected with the second section B of optical fiber, beam splitter DW, and an optical spectrophotometer for analyzing light spectrum, attached to the third optical fiber section C. The sections A, B, C of the optical fiber are connected with one another through the beam splitter DW. Polychromatic light from the light source ZSP goes through the beam splitter DW to another B section of optical fiber ended with acousto-optic transducer PAO. The acousto-optical transducer PAO is composed of piezoelectric transducer PP attached to the short section D of optical fiber. This section is connected "face-to-face" with the second section B of optical fiber. Piezoelectric transducer PP excited by RF signal produces an acoustic wave within the short section D of optical fiber generating a bulk Bragg diffraction grating inside it. The light reflected from the bulk Bragg diffraction grating comes through the second optical fiber section B, beam splitter DW and the third optical fiber section C to the optical spectrometer at the acousto-optic spectrum analyzer (AOA) output. The optical

spectrometer consists of an input lens S2, spectrophotometer diffraction grating SD, output lens S3 and the multi-segment photo detector FD. In the spectrophotometer optical system, the input lens S2 is a lens collimating the light outgoing from the third optical fiber section C, creating a parallel light beam falling onto the spectrophotometer diffraction grating SD. The grating diffracts light with different wavelength at different angles, while the output lens S3 focuses light with different wavelengths on the multi-segment photo detector FD, whereas each photo detector component focuses light with different wavelength λ.

As shown in fig. 2, the acousto-optic transducer PAO consists of piezoelectric transducer PP attached to the face of optical fiber short section D, where the acoustic wave can propagate. The other end of short section D is connected "face-to-face" with the second optical fiber section B. The electric RF signal supplied to the acousto-optic transducer PAO generates an acoustic wave inside it creating an optical fiber Bragg diffraction grating in the zone of its propagation that selectively reflects light at wavelength λ according to the following formula:

where is the effective diffraction coefficient for the material of short optical fiber section D, where light propagates, and, simultaneously, the acoustic wave, while Λ is the period of optical fiber diffraction Bragg grating SSB generated with the acoustic wave inside the short optical fiber section D. The acoustic wave generated in the material by RF signal with frequency v, creating the optical fiber diffraction Bragg grating SSB with period Λ _ν , reflects the light with wavelength λ _ν inside the optical fiber. The intensity of reflected light with a specific wavelength is proportional to the intensity of the corresponding RF signal frequency component. The optical spectrometer by providing the spectral analysis of light at the AOF analyzer output, simultaneously performs the RF signal spectrum analysis.

As shown in fig. 3, other acousto-optic transducer PAO consists of piezoelectric transducer PP and a double-part gradient lens composed of the first part Gl, to the base of which piezoelectric transducer PP is attached, and the second part G2, to the base of which the second optical fiber section B is connected "face-to-face". Both parts Gl, and G2 are coaxially connected with their internal bases. Piezoelectric transducer PP and the second optical fiber section B are situated at the extension of gradient lens optical axis. In the first part Gl of the gradient lens, the piezoelectric transducer PP generates an acoustic wave that creates bulk Bragg diffraction grating SB. The second optical fiber section B delivers a polychromatic light beam to the gradient lens. The light reflected from the bulk Bragg diffraction grating SB is transmitted by optical fibers via beam splitter DW to the optical spectrometer at the output of optic analyzer AOA.

In the acousto-optic transducer PAO, as presented in fig. 3, the polychromatic light introduced to the second optical fiber section B goes to the second part G2 of gradient lens at start point Al located on its optical axis. From this point, light beams pass the lens through curved lines thanks to the radial changes of the light coefficient of refraction. Light with a given wavelength λ leaving the start point Al focuses inside the second part G2 of gradient lens at final point Bl situated on the lens optical axis. Light of different wavelength will focus also on the lens axis near the point Bl . The place where light beams focus on the optical axis of the lens does not affect the transducer operation. However, it is important that the focus point is located in the area of acoustic wave propagation generated by the piezoelectric transducer PP. The course of beams is marked with a dotted line. In the connection zone of two gradient lens parts, the light beams are parallel to its optical axis. After passing this zone, beams re-focus at the final point Bl . At the connection zone of the first and second part Gl, G2 we can place a layer suppressing the acoustic wave as well as the diaphragm W for light beams propagating in the area closest to the optical axis. Thanks to this the area of interaction between acoustic wave and the light beam has been limited to the area around the final point Bl . Such a construction of acousto-optic transducer PAO makes it possible to analyze very short RF signals, because the time of their passing through the zone of interaction between acoustic wave and the light beam is very short. In the area of final point Bl occurs a selective reflection of light with a wavelength of λ depending on the RF electric signal frequency that stimulates piezoelectric transducer PP. This light will return to lens start point Al and will be re-introduced to the optical fiber second section B, where it will be sent back to the optical spectrometer. It is important that the first part Gl of gradient lens is long enough to place the focus point for all light beams with different wavelengths inside the lens. The light reflected from the Bragg grating generated by the acoustic wave does not return to the optical fiber, instead, after passing final point B 1 it reaches the walls of gradient lens, disperses and leaves the lens through its walls. This light will not disturb the measurement process, which will allow us to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio in the device constructed according to this invention and will make it possible to minimize the errors of RF electric signal spectrum analysis.