ACRYLIC POLYOL RESINS COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to a composition of acrylic polyol resins based on a composition of hydroxyl functional acrylic resins (acrylic polyols) comprising a mixture of α, α-branched alkane carboxylic glycidyl esters derived from butene oligomers characterized in that the sum of the concentration of the blocked and of the highly branched isomers is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30% weight on total composition, which lead for example to improved leveling of the coatings derived thereof.

More in particular the invention relates to acrylic polyol resins compositions comprising aliphatic tertiary saturated carboxylic acids or α , α-branched alkane carboxylic acids, which contain 9 or 13 carbon atoms and which provide glycidyl esters with a branching level of the alkyl groups depending on the olefin feedstock used and/or the oligomerisation process therof, and which is defined as below .

The glycidyl ester derived from olefins containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain are used by the industry to introduce modified resins by reaction such a glycidyl ester with acrylic resins, such as given in US 6 136 991.

It is generally known from e.g. US 2,831,877, US 2,876,241, US 3,053,869, US 2,967,873 and US 3,061,621 that mixtures of α, α-branched alkane carboxylic acids can be produced, starting from mono-olefins , carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of a strong acid. One of the more recent method has been disclosed in EP 1033360A1. The problem of providing better softening derivatives of α,α-branched acids, manufactured from alkenes, carbon monoxide and water and a nickel catalyst was solved therein by a process, which actually comprised:

(a) olxgomerisation of butene;

(b) separation of butene dimers and/or trimers from the oligomerisate ;

(c) conversion of the butene dimers and/or trimers into carboxylic acids;

(d) conversion of the carboxylic acids into the corresponding vinyl esters showing attractive softening properties when mixed into other polymers or if used as comonomers in coatings.

If the olefin feed is based on Raf. II or Raf III or any mixture rich in n-butene isomers on the total olefins, the subsequently mixture of neo-acid (C9 or C13 acids) derivatives will provide a mixture where the concentration of blocked and highly branched isomers is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30%.

The glycidyl esters can be obtained according to PCT/EP2010/003334 or the US6433217.

We have discovered that well chosen blend of isomers of the glycidyl ester of mixture compositions of neo-acid (C9 or C13 acids) glycidyl ester, is providing for example a good leveling of a coating, is a mixture where the sum of the concentration of blocked and highly branched isomers is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30% weight on total composition.

We have further discovered that well chosen blend of isomers of the glycidyl ester of, for example, neononanoic acids give different and unexpected performance in combination with some particular polymers such as acrylic polyols . The isomers are described in Table 1 and illustrated in

Scheme 1.

We have found that the performance of the glycidyl ester compositions derived from the branched acid is depending on the branching level of the alkyl groups R ¹ , R ² and R ³ , for example the neononanoic acid has 3, 4 or 5 methyl groups. Highly branched isomers are defined as isomers of neo-acids having at least 5 methyl groups. Neo-acids, for example neononanoic acids (V9) with a secondary or a tertiary carbon atoms in the β position are defined as blocking isomers.

Mixture compositions of neononanoic (C9) acids glycidyl esters providing for example a good leveling of a coating, is a mixture where the sum of the concentration of the blocked and of the highly branched isomers derivatives is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30% weight on total composition.

Furthermore the above compositions of neononanoic acids glycidyl esters mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester or 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester or 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters. Furthermore the above compositions of neononanoic acids glycidyl esters mixture is comprising 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3- methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) below 40%, preferably below 30% and most preferably below or equal 25% weight on total composition.

Furthermore the above compositions of neononanoic acids glycidyl esters mixture is comprising 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester above 10% , preferably above

30% and most preferably above 45% weight on total composition .

The above compositions of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2- methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) is above 40%, preferably 55% and most preferably 65% weight on total composition.

A preferred composition is comprising a mixture of 2,2- dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester in 1 to 15 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester in 40 to 70 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) in 8 to 32 weight% on total composition.

A further preferred composition is comprising a mixture of 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester in 2 to 10 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester in 47 to 61 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) in 10 to 25 weight% on total composition. The above glycidyl esters compositions can be used for example, as reactive diluent or as momomer in binder compositions for paints or adhesives.

The glycidyl esters compositions can be used as reactive diluent for epoxy based formulations such as examplified in the technical brochure of Momentive ( Product Bulletin: Cardura E10P The Unique Reactive Diluent MSC-521) .

Other uses of the glycidyl ester are the combinations with polyester polyols, or acrylic polyols, or polyether polyols. The combination with acrylic polyols such as the one used in the car industry coating leads to coating system with attractive coating appearance.

Methods used

The isomer distribution of neo-acid can be determined using gas chromatography, using a flame ionization detector (FID). 0.5 ml sample is diluted in analytical grade dichloromethane and n-octanol may be used as internal standard. The conditions presented below result in the approximate retention times given in Table 1. In that case n-octanol has a retention time of approximately 8.21 minute .

The GC method has the following settings:

Column: CP Wax 58 CB (FFAP), 50 m x 0.25 mm, df = 0.2 μπι Oven program: 150°C (1.5 min) - 3.5°C/min - 250°C (5 min) = 35 min

Carrier gas : Helium

Flow : 2.0 mL/min constant

Split flow : 150 mL/min

Split ratio: 1:75

Injector temp : 250°C

Detector temp : 325°C Injection volume: 1 μΙ_

CP Wax 58 CB is a Gas chromatography column available from Agilent Technologies.

The isomers of neononanoic acid as illustrative example have the structure (R ¹ R ² R ³ )-C-COOH where the three R groups are linear or branched alkyl groups having together a total of 7 carbon atoms.

The structures and the retention time, using the above method, of all theoretical possible neononanoic isomers are drawn in Figure 1 and listed in Table 1.

The isomers content is calculated from the relative peak area of the chromatogram obtained assuming that the response factors of all isomers are the same.

Retention

Methyl time

Rl R2 R3 groups Blocking [Minutes]

V901 Methyl Methyl n-pentyl 3 No 8. 90

V902 Methyl Methyl 2-pentyl 4 Yes 9. 18

V903 Methyl Methyl 2-methyl butyl 4 No 8 .6

V904 Methyl Methyl 3-methyl butyl 4 No 8. 08

1, 1-dimethyl

V905 Methyl Methyl propyl 5 Yes 10 .21

1, 2-dimethy

V906 Methyl Methyl propyl 5 Yes 9. 57

2, 2-dimethyl

V907 Methyl Methyl propyl 5 No 8. 26

V908 Methyl Methyl 3-pentyl 4 Yes 9. 45

V909 Methyl Ethyl n-butyl 3 No 9. 28

V910 Kl Methyl Ethyl s-butyl 4 Yes 9. 74

V910 K2 Methyl Ethyl s-butyl 4 Yes 9. 84

V911 Methyl Ethyl i-butyl 4 No 8. 71

V912 Methyl Ethyl t-butyl 5 Yes 9. 64

V913 Methyl n-propyl n-propyl 3 No 8. 96

V914 Methyl n-propyl i-propyl 4 Yes 9. 30

V915 Methyl i-propyl i-propyl 5 Yes 9. 74

V916 Ethyl Ethyl n-propyl 3 No 9. 44

V917 Ethyl Ethyl i-propyl 4 Yes 10 .00

Table 1: Structure of all possible neononanoic isomers

The isomer distribution of glycidyl esters of neo-acid can be determined by gas chromatography, using a flame ionization detector (FID) . 0.5 ml sample is diluted in analytical grade dichloromethane .

The GC method has the following settings:

Column: CP Wax 58 CB (FFAP), 50 m x 0.2 mm, df = 0.52 μπι Oven : 175°C (5 min) - l°C/min - 190°C (0 min) - 10°C/min - 275°C (11.5 min)

Flow : 2.0 mL/min, constant flow

Carrier gas: Helium

Split ratio: 1:75 Injection volume :1 L

S/SL injector: 250°C

CP Wax 58 CB is a Gas chromatography column available from Agilent Technologies.

The isomers of glycidyl esters of neononanoic acid as

illustrative example have the structure (R ¹ R ² R ³ ) -C-COO-CH ₂ - CH(0)CH ₂ where the three R groups are linear or branched alkyl groups having together a total of 7 carbon atoms.

The isomers content is calculated from the relative peak area of the chromatogram obtained assuming that the response factors of all isomers are the same.

GC-MS method can be used to identify the various isomers providing that the analysis is done by a skilled analytical expert .

Scheme 1 : Structure of all possible neononanoic isomers

V901 = E V902 = F V903 = G

V904 = H V905 = C V906 = D

V907 = A V908 = I V909 = J

V912 = B2 V913 = M V914 = P

V915 = B1 V916 = Q V917 = R Methods for the characterization of the resins

The molecular weights of the resins are measured with gel permeation chromatography (Perkin Elmer/ Water) in THF solution using polystyrene standards. Viscosity of the resins are measured with Brookfield viscometer (LVDV-I) at indicated temperature. Solids content are calculated with a function (Ww- Wd) / Ww x 100%. Here Ww is the weight of a wet sample, Wd is the weight of the sample after dried in an oven at a temperature 110 °C for 1 hour.

Tg (glass transition temperature) has been determined either with a DSC 7 from Perkin Elmer or with an apparatus from TA Instruments Thermal Analysis. Scan rates were respectively 20 and 10°C/min. Only data obtained in the same experimental conditions have been compared. If not, the temperature difference occurring from the different scanning rate has been proved not significant for the results compared.

Blocking isomers

Whereas the carbon atom in alpha position of the carboxylic acid is always a tertiary carbon atom, the carbon atom(s) in pposition can either be primary, secondary or tertiary.

Neononanoic acids (V9) with a secondary or a tertiary carbon atoms in the β position are defined as blocking (blocked) isomers (Schemes 2 and 3) .

Scheme 2: Example of a Non-blocked V9 Structure

Scheme 3: Example of a Blocked V9 Structure The use of the glycidyl esters compositions, discussed here above, can be as momomer in binder compositions for paints and adhesives. These binders can be based on an acrylic polyol resin comprising the above composition glycidyl.

The acrylic polyol resins of the invention are based on a composition of hydroxyl functional acrylic resins (acrylic polyols) comprising a mixture of , -branched alkane carboxylic glycidyl esters derived from butene oligomers characterized in that the sum of the concentration of the blocked and of the highly branched isomers is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30% weight on total composition.

A prefer composition is that the glycidyl ester mixture is based on neononanoic (C9) acid mixture where the sum of the concentration of the blocked and of the highly branched isomers is maximum 55%, preferably below 40%, and most preferably below 30% weight on total composition.

Further the neononanoic (C9) glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester or 2- methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester or 2-methyl 2- ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl ester.

An other embodiment is that the composition of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) below 40%, preferably below 30% and most preferably below or equal 25% weight on total composition.

A further embodiment is that the composition of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester above 10% , preferably above 30% and most preferably above 45% weight on total composition. A further embodiment is that the composition of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) is above 40%, preferably 55% and most preferably 65% weight on total composition.

A further embodiment is that the composition of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester in 1 to 15 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester in 40 to 70 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) in 8 to 32 weight% on total composition.

A further embodiment is that the composition of the glycidyl ester mixture is comprising 2,2-dimethyl heptanoic acid glycidyl ester in 2 to 10 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl hexanoic acid glycidyl ester in 47 to 61 weight% and 2-methyl 2-ethyl 3-methyl pentanoic acid glycidyl esters (sum of stereoisomers) in 10 to 25 weight% on total composition.

The invention is also about the process to prepare the acrylic polyol resins compositions, which are obtained by the incorporation of the mixture of D,D-branched alkane carboxylic glycidyl esters, as characterized above, into a hydroxyl functional acrylic resins by the reaction of the epoxy group with the carboxylic acid group of ethylene carboxylic acid compounds from hydroxyl ethylene carboxylate ester monomers which are then reacted with one or more unsaturated monomers via a radical polymerization reaction, in one step or more.

The ethylene carboxylic acid compounds are for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like.

The other unsaturated monomers are selected from the group consisting of octyl acrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl acrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, undecyl acrylate, undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, isotridecyl acrylate, isotridecyl methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate, and stearyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, styrene, alpha- methyl styrene, CI to CIO (cyclo) alkyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or a combination thereof.

A further process to prepare the acrylic polyol resins of the invention are cooked it while having a polyester polyol or a polyether polyol or a mixture thereof as initial reactor charge.

The acrylic polyol resins of the invention prepared according to the above processes will have a calculated hydroxyl value between 50 and 180 mgKOH/g on solid and or the number average molecular weight (Mn) is between 2500 and 50000 Dalton according polystyrene standard.

The invention is also related to a binder composition useful for coating composition comprising at least any hydroxyl functional acrylic resins as prepared above.

The said binder compositions are suitable for coating metal or plastic substrates.

Examples

Chemicals used

Cardura™ E10: available from Momentive Specialty Chemicals Neononanoic glycidyl ester from Momentive Specialty

Chemicals

GE9S: neononanoic glycidyl ester of composition A (see Table 2 below)

GE9H: neononanoic glycidyl ester of composition B (see Table 2 below)

- Neononanoic glycidyl ester of composition C (see Table 2 below)

Neononanoic glycidyl ester of composition D (see Table 2 below) Neononanoic glycidyl ester of composition E (see Table below)

Table 2: Composition of the neononanoic glycidyl ester (according to the described gas chromatography method for glycidyl esters of neo-acid) GE5 : glycidyl ester of pivalic acid obtained by reaction of the acid with epichlorhydrin .

Ethylene glycol from Aldrich

- Monopentaerythritol : available from Sigma - Aldrich

3,3,5 Trimethyl cyclohexanol : available from Sigma Aldrich

aleic anhydride : available from Sigma - Aldrich

Methylhexahydrophtalic anhydride: available from Sigma - Aldrich

Hexahydrophtalic anhydride: available from Sigma - Aldrich - Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3-OEt2) from Aldrich Acrylic acid : available from Sigma - Aldrich

Methacrylic acid : available from Sigma - Aldrich

- Hydroxyethyl methacrylate : available from Sigma - Aldrich

Styrene : available from Sigma - Aldrich

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate : available from Sigma - Aldrich

Methyl methacrylate : available from Sigma - Aldrich

Butyl acrylate : available from Sigma - Aldrich

- Di-t-Amyl Peroxide is Luperox DTA from Arkema

tert-Butyl peroxy-3 , 5 , 5-trimethylhexanoate : available from Akzo Nobel

Xylene

n-Butyl Acetate from Aldrich - Dichloromethane from Biosolve

Thinner: A: is a mixture of Xylene 50wt%, Toluene 30wt%, ShellsolA 10wt%, 2-Ethoxyethylacetate 10wt%. Thinner B: is butyl acetate

Curing agents, HDI : 1 , 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, Desmodur N3390 BA from Bayer Material Science or Tolonate

HDT LV2 from Perstorp - Leveling agent: ^λ ΒΥΚ 10 wt%' which is BYK-331 diluted at 10% in butyl acetate

- Catalyst: ^Λ DBTDL 1 wt%' which is Dibutyl Tin Dilaurate diluted at lwt% in butyl acetate

- Catalyst: 'DBTDL 10 wt%' which is Dibutyl Tin Dilaurate diluted at 10wt% in butyl acetate

Example 01

The following constituents were charged to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer: 92.4 grams of GE9S, 24.0 grams of Butyl Acetate. That initial reactor charge has been heated up to 135°C. Then, the following mixture was added over a period of lh20 while keeping the temperature constant: 30.7 grams of acrylic acid, 1.2 grams of Di-t-Amyl Peroxide, 12.0 grams of n-Butyl Acetate. After further adding 1.2 grams of Di-t-Amyl Peroxide and 20.4 grams of n-Butyl Acetate, a post-cooking was pursued at 135°C for 1 h. The acrylic polyol had a molecular weight ( w) of 11400 Daltons and a Tg of about -10°C.

Example 02 Comparative

The following constituents were charged to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer: 92.4 grams of GE9H, 24.0 grams of Butyl Acetate. That initial reactor charge has been heated up to 135°C. Then, the following mixture was added over a period of lhl8 while keeping the temperature constant: 30.2 grams of acrylic acid, 1.2 grams of Di-t-Amyl Peroxide, 12.0 grams of n-Butyl Acetate. After further adding 1.2 grams of Di-t-Amyl Peroxide and 20.4 grams of n-Butyl Acetate, a post-cooking was pursued at 135°C for lh. The acrylic polyol had a molecular weight (Mw) of 8600 Daltons and a Tg of about +26°C. Observations : Tg of acrylic polyols is impacted by the composition of the neononanoic glycidyl ester (see examples 01, 02) .

Example 03

The adducts of Glycidyl neononanoate, GE9S and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid

The adducts of Glycidyl neononanoate GE9S (see Table 3) with acrylic acid (ACE-adduct) and with methacrylic acid (MACE- adduct) are acrylic monomers that can be used to formulate hydroxyl functional (meth) acrylic polymers.

Table 3: Compositions of the adducts intakes in parts by weight

• DABCO T9 and 4-Methoxy phenol (185 ppm calculated on glycidyl ester weight) , are charged to the reactor.

· The reaction is performed under air flow (in order to recycle the radical inhibitor) .

• The reactor charge is heated slowly under constant stirring to about 80°C, where an exothermic reaction starts,

increasing the temperature to about 100°C.

· The temperature of 100 °C is maintained, until an Epoxy Group Content below 30 meq/kg is reached. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature. Example 04

Acrylic resins for high solids automotive refinish clearcoats A glass reactor equipped with stirrer was flushed with

nitrogen, and the initial reactor charge (see table 4) heated to 160°C. The monomer mixture including the initiator was then gradually added to the reactor via a pump over 4 hours at this temperature. Additional initiator was then fed into the reactor during another period of 1 hour at 160°C. Finally the polymer is cooled down to 135°C and diluted to a solids content of about 68% with xylene.

Table 4: Acrylic resins recipe Example 05

Clear coats for automotive refinish

Solvents were blended to yield a thinner mixture of the following composition (table 5) :

Table 5: Thinner composition

A clearcoat was then formulated (table 6) with the following ingredients (parts by weight) :

Table 6: Clearcoat formulation

Clearcoat properties 6E9H (Comparative) 6E9S

Volatile organic content 480 g/1 481 g/1

Initial viscosity 54 cP 54 cP

Dust free time 12 minutes 14.5 minutes

Koenig Hardness after 6 hours 8.3 s 7.1s Example 06

Acrylic resins for first finish automotive topcoats

GE9S based (28%) acrylic polymers for medium solids first- finish clear coats A reactor for acrylic polyols is flushed with nitrogen and the initial reactor charge (see Table 7) heated to 140°C. At this temperature the monomer mixture including the initiator is added over 4 hours to the reactor via a pump. Additional initiator is fed into the reactor during one hour, and then the mixture is kept at 140°C to complete the conversion in a post reaction. Finally the polymer is cooled down and diluted with butyl acetate to a solids content of about 60%.

Table 7: Acrylic resins recipe Clear lacquer Formulation

Clear lacquers are formulated (see table 8) from the acrylic polymers by addition of Cymel 1158 (curing agent from CYTEC) , and solvent to dilute to spray viscosity. The acidity of the polymer is sufficient to catalyze the curing process, therefore no additional acid catalyst is added. The lacquer is stirred well to obtain a homogeneous composition.

Table 8: Clear lacquer formulations and properties of the polymers

Application and cure

The coatings are applied with a barcoater on Q-panels to achieve a dry film thickness of about 40μπι. The systems are flashed-off at room temperature for 15 minutes, then baked at 140°C for 30 minutes. Tests on the cured systems are carried out after 1 day at 23°C.

Example 07

In a reactor equipped with an anchor stirrer, a thermometer, condenser and monomer/initiator feeding system, 188.6g of GE9S and 90g of ethoxypropanol (EPR) were loaded and heated to about 150°C (see Table 9) . A mixture of 52g of

hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) , 160g of styrene, 68g of acrylic acid (AA) , lOg of dicumylperoxide (DCP) , 31. Iq of GE9S and 40g of ethoxypropanol (EPR) were added over 2 hours 30 minutes to the reactor while keeping its content at 150°C.

After the feed, the reactor content was held for 30 minutes at this temperature. After the 30 minutes hold period, 108g of HEMA, 30g of AA, 142g of isobutyl methacrylate ( IBMA) , 5g of DCP and 45 grams of EPR were added over 2 hours and 30 minutes at about 150°C followed by a rinsing step for the feed system with 5 g of EPR. After the rinsing step, the content of the reactor was held for 2 hours at 150°C. The reactor content was cooled down to 100°C and 100 parts of EPR were distilled off at atmospheric pressure.

The polyacrylate polyol has a solids content of the solution of 90% by weight.

Materials Intake (g)

Initial charge

EPR 90

GE9S 188.6

Monomer Addition 1

AA 68

Styrene 160

GE9S 37.7

HEMA 52

EPR 40

DCP 10

Monomer Addition 2

AA 30

IBMA 142

HEMA 108

DCP 5

EPR 45

TOTAL 976.3

Table 9: Composition of polyol Example 08

Maleate diester based resin prepared according to the teaching of WO2005040241

Equipment: Glass reactor equipped with an anchor stirrer, reflux condenser and nitrogen flush.

Manufacturing procedure of the maleate diester:

Maleic anhydride was reacted with the selected alcohol (3,3,5 trimethyl cyclohexanol ) in an equimolar ratio at 110°C to form a maleate monoester in presence of around 5 wt % butyl acetate. The reaction was continued until conversion of the anhydride had reached at least 90 % (Conversion of the anhydride is monitored by acid-base titration.). Methanol was added to open the remaining anhydride in a 1.2/1 molar ratio of methanol/anhydride and the reaction was continued for 30 minutes .

GE9S was fed to the reactor in 30 minutes in an equimolar ratio to the remaining acid in the system whilst keeping the temperature at 110°C. The system was then allowed to react further for 1 hour at 110°C.

Manufacturing procedure of the maleate-acrylic resin (see Table 10) :

The reactor was flushed with nitrogen and the initial reactor charge was heated to the polymerization temperature of 150 °C. The first charge of Di ter-amylperoxide was then added in one shot. Immediately after this addition, the monomer-initiator mixture was dosed continuously to the reactor in 330 minutes at the same temperature. The monomer addition feed rate was halved during the last hour of monomer addition. After completion of the monomer addition, the third charge of Di ter-amylperoxide was then fed together with a small amount of the butyl acetate to the reactor in 15 minutes. The reactor was kept at this temperature for 60 more minutes. Finally, the polymer was cooled down.

Table 10: Composition of TMCH maleate based resin Example 09

Polyester-ether resin

The following constituents were charged to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a condenser: 456g of GE9S, 134g of dimethylolpropionic acid and 0.35g of stannous octoate .

The mixture was heated to a temperature of about 110°C for about 1 hour and then steadily increased to 150°C in 3 hours and then cooled down.

This polyester-ether was then formulated in high solids and very high solids 2K polyurethane topcoats either as sole binder or as reactive diluent for an acrylic polyol.