The invention relates to an Actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker or recloser with at least one movable contact with a contact stem, driven by an electromagnetic drive or a motor drive, and a spring, wherein the spring is positioned in the kinematic chain between the drive and the movable contact or contact stem, according to the preamble of claim 1 and 9.

In general, for circuit breakers or reclosers, but especially for safety relevant applications, it is desirable to ensure that the circuit breaker or recloser would really operate when a signal command, either for closing or for opening, is given. What is being done usually with circuit breakers is a coil supervision - here, a small test current is running through the release coils to make sure, that there is no interruption in the current path (broken coil wire, broken cable, loose connector,...). Then the operator can be sure, that a real command would energise the release coil of the drive of the circuit breaker or recloser, but there is no evidence that the drive would really move. There can be further failures between the release coil and the main shaft like loose screws or increased friction.

Object of the invention is, to get a qualified actual status signal about functional availability of the drive. activation and with means for feedback control of a micromotion activation, in order to register the actual movability and availability of the drive of the movable contact, without changing the actual switch position itself.

Means for the detection of a micromotion activation can be e.g. a sliding resistor or any other position measuring device. Alternatively, also an acceleration sensor can be used to detect the micromotion.

Alternatively, also an acoustic sensor can be used to detect the characteristic noise that occurs when the actuator comes back to its original position after the micromotion. Sensors like the acoustic sensor and the acceleration sensor do not have to be directly coupled to the drive or to the kinematic chain. The characteristic effect of the noise or of the vibration due to the micromotion can be detected anywhere inside the circuit breaker or recloser.

Alternatively, the back e.m.f. of the actuator can be used instead of a separate sensor. The back e.m.f. is a voltage that is measurable at the terminals of the actuator coil. This voltage depends on the change of flux in the coil of the actuator due to the change of the current and the change of the position.

Many designs of circuit breakers and reclosers foresee one drive for more that one contact. Often there three contacts for three phase AC systems. The invention also works with and relates to these designs.

The basical idea is, to execute a small physical motion of the drive of the circuit breaker, to ensure that the drive is moveable and not blocked.

As the position of the circuit breaker - OFF (open) or ON (closed) - shall basically not be modified by this test, this motion has to be relatively small, compared to the nominal stroke of the drive. Because of that, the terminolgy "micromotion" is used. The motion of the drive shall not be more than a few mm When the circuit breaker or recloser is in OFF position, also the moveable contact of for example a vacuum interrupter will follow this small motion. The contact distance will be reduced accordingly for a short time, which will be in the range of a few milliseconds. As this motion will be small, compared to the nominal contact distance in OFF position, the insulating properties of the vacuum interrupter will not be significantly reduced. A small motion in the range of 1 mm can be compared with the backtravel motion, that can occur anyway in circuit breakers or reclosers at the end of the opening operation.

Due to lever ratios, mechanical loose and deflection, the travel of the drive and the travel of the contact or contacts can be different. Important is to limit the motion of the contact or contacts from the OFF position in a way to avoid dielectric problems. It is recommended to confirm with dielectric typetesting that the insulation levels for the circuit breaker or contactor are also valid when the contact or contacts are about 1 mm away from the OFF position.

When the circuit breaker or recloser is in ON position, the drive presses a contact spring against the movable contact of a vacuum interrupter and charges the contact spring by typically several mm. A small micromotion will therefore be compensated by an elongation of the contact spring, so that the movable contact will not move during the test. Explicitly, the contacts will not open during the test. The elongation of the contact spring or contact springs shall be distinctly smaller than the regular contact spring travel of the circuit breaker or recloser to ensure that the contact or contacts remain closed with sufficient contact force. Also here, a travel of about 1 mm is proposed.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the aforesaid feedback control of the micromotion activation is implemented in a signal device. By that, the

functionality can be implemented also in retrofit, if the circuit breaker is already In a further advantageous embodiment, the micromotion amplitude is round about 1 mm at the contact in OFF and at the contact spring in ON.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed, that between the stem of the movable contact and the pushrod is arranged an axial contact spring.

This was already functionally described in the aforesaid advantages.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed, that in the same effective axial direction of the pushrod is arranged an opening spring.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed, that a position sensor is mechanically linked to a movable part of the drive. So by that, the sensor placement is easier, than to place it near the contacts, or at the contact stem directly.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed, that an acceleration sensor is placed somewhere inside the circuit breaker or recloser.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is proposed to evaluate the back e.m.f. of the actuator to detect the micromotion of the drive. This can be calculated in the signal device that drives the micromotion procedure at no extra costs. A separate sensor can then be saved.

A mathematical model of the actuator or motor consists mainly of a resistor, an inductor and a back e.m.f. voltage. This circuit is in general connected to a voltage source to drive a current. When the model is known, including the dependencies of the parameters mainly on the current and the position of the drive, the back e.m.f. can be detected by a comparison of the voltage source and the current and its derivatives with respect to time. contact electromagnetic drive or a motor drive, and a spring, wherein the spring is positioned in the kinematic chain between the drive and the movable contact or contact stem, the invention is, that in order to register the actual movability and availability of the drive of the movable contact, without changing the actual switch position itself, the drive is charged with a micro actuation signal

A medium voltage circuit breaker or recloser pole, that is considered here, shall have the following structure, as shown in the figures 1 (open) and 2 (closed) as an example:

In the OFF position of the circuit breaker or recloser, see figure 1 , the concept of the micromotion can be realised relatively easy. The coil is energised in a similar way, as for a standard closing operation. As soon as the begin of the motion of the drive is detected, the current is controlled to zero and the drive will go back to the open position, driven by the opening spring(s).

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, is, that for the

micromotion in OFF, only the closing coil of the two-coil actuator is used, wherin at first the two coil actuaror is energised with positive current, and then the coil will be energised with negative current to keep the movable part of the drive in the OFF position or to return it to the OFF position.

A further advantageous embodiment if, that for the micromotion in ON, only the closing coil of the two-coil actuator is used, the latch of the drive in ON is at first released by a small negative current in the closing coil, and then the latch is reestablished by a strong positive current. the coil to a supply voltage. The position of the drive is the OFF position. In case the current reaches a certain predefined level before motion starts, the current can be kept constant, e.g. using a current controller with pulse width modulation (PWM). After a certain time, the drive will start to move from OFF towards the ON position. The current is now reduced e.g. by reversing the driving voltage. Due to the inertia of the motion and the still existing driving force the drive will continue its motion towards the ON position for some time, but as current decreases, and supported by the force of the opening spring(s), the drive will return to the OFF position.

The micromotion cycle in OFF is now completed; there is evidence that the drive is movable.

The general design of a medium voltage circuit breaker or recloser with vacuum interrupters includes relatively strong contact springs 6 between the drive and the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter. These springs support the opening operation in the beginning. Further, additional opening springs 8 can be installed to support the entire opening operation. The magnetic latching force of the actuator will however become strongly lower as soon as a motion occurs, i.e. when the moveable part of the drive 1 1 moves away from the fixed part of the drive 9. The risk for the mircomotion in ON is, that these springs can bring the drive in a situation, where the opening forces (contact springs plus opening springs) are higher than the closing force of the magnetic actuator. The result could be, that the motion is larger than desired, it can not be limited to be small. Therefore, the strategy for a mircomotion in ON can be different.

Fig. 4 shows the curves of this different strategy. The current is negative in the first period, as a negative current is used in magnetic actuators with one coil to reduce the magnetic holding force and so to initiate the opening operation, that is then mainly driven by the contact spring and the opening spring. Depending e.g. larger than 1 mm. To avoid this large motion the proposed strategy is to reverse the direction of current before the motion is detectable. This will generate sufficient latching force to make sure that the motion is not larger than the defined target.

It can now be the case that the reverse of the current is so early, that a motion does not occur at all. In that case, the controller shall repeat the test with a slightly later reverse of the current or with a slightly stronger driving voltage or current. The procedure can be repeated until a micromotion could be noticed or until a defined current- or drive voltage- or feeding time-threshold was reached that indicates that the drive has a failure if it does not move with this threshold current or threshold voltage of threshold feeding time.

This principle can also be used for the micromotion in OFF to realise smaller motions. Depending on the actual design of the magnetic drive it can also be necessary to use this principle for mircomotion in OFF.

The test with the micromotion shall be repeated on a regular basis, e.g. once an hour or once a day.

These principles can also be used for two-coil actuators, as shown e.g. in EP0721650. Instead of positive and negative currents in one coil, the current in the closing coil and the current in the opening coil can be used to obtain the desired motion of the drive.

In another advantageous embodiment, for the micromotion in OFF, only the closing coil of the two-coil actuator is used. It is at first energised with positive current. Then the coil shall be energised with negative current to keep the movable part of the drive in the OFF position or to return it to the OFF position. released by a small negative current in the closing coil. Then the latch is reestablished by a strong positive current. This is quite similar to the procedure with one-coil actuators.

Upper electrical terminal

Fixed switching contact

Movable switching contact

Electrical contact, sliding or flexible conductor Lower electrical terminal

Contact spring

Pushrod

Opening spring; upper end is fixed

Fixed part of drive

Coil of drive

Movable part of drive

Position sensor