TECHNICAL FIELD

This invenstion relates to an adjustable socket for driving threaded bolts and nuts of different sizes.

BACKGROUND ART

The prior art discloses adjustable sockets for replacing the more conventional socket set which includes a number of different size sockets' for driving bolts and nuts of different sizes. Usually such sockets are ^'• driven by either a ratchet wrench or a unitary wrench having a bent end that is received within a wrench opening. However, it is also possible to have _^ adjustable sockets that are usuable with straight wrenches having a handle end like a screw driver or slidable wrench handles-of the type normally used ^* on- hand taps.

Adjustable sockets conventionally include a plurality of jaws that are movable in a radial direction to receive and rotatively drive nuts and bolts of different sizes. The number of positions to which the jaws can be adjusted is usually great enough so that both English and metric size nuts and bolts can be driven by the socke -upon appropriate adjustment. Thus _r a mechanic can work on any particular job with an adjustable socket without having to constantly remove one socket from the wrench and replace it with another socket- The ever-constant search for a socket of a particular size is also eliminated by adjustable sockets.

The United States Patent of Lucht 2,582,444 discloses an adjustable socket wherein movable jaws are positioned by a threaded collar that must be rotated

a number of revolutions in order to provide jaw adjust¬ ment between fully-iopened and fully closed positions, i.e. the largest and smallest size bolt or nut that can be driven by the adjustable socket- Rotating the threaded collar a number of times to provide the adjustment is time consuming just like removing one socket from the wrench and replacing it with another socket as is done with socket sets.

The United States Patents of Fisher 1,554,963, Conway 2,850,.931, and Bruhh 2,88.4,826 disclose adjustable sockets that utilize pin and slot adjusters for pro¬ viding adjustment of movable jaws between fully opened and closed positions. Such pin and slot connections require a locking action to be provided for controlling the position of the pin in the associated slot and necessarily increase the complexity of the socket. Other adjustable sockets and the like .are disclosed by United States' Patents: Johnson 1,498,040; Secondi et al 2,580,247? Clough 2,669,896; Osborn 2,701,489; Livermont 3,102,732; and Nelson 3,724,299.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable socket having jaws that are mounted for radial movement between fully opened and fully closed positions by quick action adjustment of one revolution or less.

In carrying out the above object and other objects of the invention the adjustable socket includes a rotational driver on which a plurality of jaws are mounted for radial movement and each _. of the jaws includes a camming.surface that is inclined in a radial direction along the axis of driver rotation. A jaw positioner is movable axially on the driver to slidably engage the camming surfaces on the jaws in

order to control the. adial positions of the jaws and the size of a nut -or bolt capable of being received and rotatively driven by the jaws under the impetus of. driver rotation. A rota able adjuster of th socket is provided to move the jaw positioner axially in order to provide the jaw movement between the fully opened and fully closed positions upon rotation of one revo- lution or less. At least one helical locking surface of the socket extends about the axis of driver rotation an angular amount equal to the extent of adjuster rotation so as to provide locking of the adjuster and hence the jaw positioner and the jaws in any adjusted position. A spring of the socket preferably biases the jaws in an outward radial direction into engagement with the jaw positioner.

_. In one preferred embodiment of the adjustable socket, the ^' jaw positioner and 'the adjuster are separate components that are each mounted on the driver. The jaw positioner includes a sleeve that is slidably engaged with the camming surfaces on the jaws and moved axially on the driver by rotation of the adjustex. A helical locking surface on the driver extends about the rotational axis thereof. for an angle of no more than 360° and is engaged by a helical locking surface on the adjuster to lock the adjuster in any selected rotational position thereof and thereby lock the jaw positioner sleeve against axial movement and hence lock the jaws against outward radial movement.

The adjustable socket embodiment including the separate jaw positioner sleeve and adjuster pre¬ ferably has the helical locking surfaces on the driver and the adjuster engaged in an axially facing rela— tionship and also has the camming surfaces on the jaws inclined inwardly toward the axis of driver rotation in a direction away from a wrench end of the driver opposite a jaw support end on which the jaws are mounted

for their radial movement. Radial slots in the jaw support end of the driver receive the jaws in an axially captured relationship. Sleeve movement toward the wrench end of the driver moves ^' the jaws inwardly while spring action biases the jaws outwardly into engagement with, the sleeve so as to provide outward. ^' jaw movement upon sleeve movement away from -the wrench end of the driver. Apertures are provided in the jaw positioner sleeve ^" to receive the jaws so as to permit the sleeve to be lightweight while still having the requisite strength. ^" An annular flange on the sleeve axially engages the rotatable adjuster to coordinate the movements of the sleeve and the adjuster. The spring which biases the jaws outwardly moves the sleeve axially away from the wrench end of the driver by a camming action upon adjuster rotation in an opening direction. A mounting end of the.spring is supported by the jaw support end of the driver centrally between the jaws and _. includes a plurality of legs that respectively engage the jaws to provide the outward radial bias.

Another preferred embodiment of the adjustable socket includes a unitary sleeve that is mounted on the rotatable driver for-axial and rotational movement and has jaw positioner and adjuster ends for cooperatively providing radial adjustment of the jaws on the socket. The jaw positioner end of the sleeve slidably engages the camming surfaces on the jaws which are mounted on a jaw support end of the driver opposite a wrench end thereof-at which the driver is rotatively driven. Helical locking surfaces on the driver and the adjuster end of the unitary sleeve each extend about the axis of driver rotation for an associated angle of no greater than 360° and engage each other so as to provide locking of the sleeve in any rotational position as well as quick action adjustment between fully opened and

fully closed positions of the jaws upon sleeve rotation of no more than one revolution. In the embodiment .of the adjustable socket .. including the unitary sleeve having jaw positioner and adjuster ends, the helical locking surface on the driver preferably faces axially toward the jaws and the helical locking surface on the adjuster end of the sleeve faces axially toward the wrench end of the driver in engagement with the helical locking surface on the driver. The camming surfaces on the jaws are inclined inwardly in a radial direction toward the wrench end of the driver. Axial sleeve movement away from the wrench end of the driver upon rotation of the sleeve in one direction thus moves the jaws inwardly toward each other. Sleeve rotation in the other direction allows a spring which is mounted on the jaw support end of the driver to move the jaws outwardly and provide a camming actign.that moves the sleeve axially toward the wrench end of the driver. A frustoconical surface on the positioner end of the sleeve engages the camming- surfaces on the jaws to facilitate the .camming action of the sleeve upon the outward, jaw movement. The spring which baises the jaws outwardly has a mounting end supported on the driver and a plurality of legs that respectively engage the jaws to provide their outward bias. Radial slots that receive the jaws in an axially captured relationship extend outwardly from an axial hole in the driver for receiving the spring:

In both preferred embodiments of the adjust¬ able socket, each axially engaged locking surface is undulated, knurled or otherwise roughened so as to provide the locking action of the socket in any adjusted position. The jaws of each embodiment move with a combined axial and radial movement upon adjustment. Each jaw camming .surface is perpendicular to the direction of combined radial and axial movement thereof so as to

prevent .jamming during the jaw adjustment. Frustoconi- cal end surfaces of both drivers slidably engage the jaws to also prevent jamming. Also, the spring of each embodiment is the last component assembled and is mounted on the driver with the jaws in an intermediate or fully opened position. After mounting of the spring, the spring prevents inwaϋd jaw movement' to a sufficient extent that would permit disassembly.

The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following description of the best modes for carrying out the ^" invention when ^" taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of an adjustable socket constructed in accordance with the present invention and being used with a conventional ratchet wrench;

FIGURE 2 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the adjustable socket; FIGURE 3 is a schematic view that illustrates the manner in which locking action and adjustment of the socket is achieved;..

FIGURE 4 is a side, half-sectional view illustrating the adjustable socket of FIGURES 1 and 2 with the socket shown in a fully opened position;

FIGURE 5 is a view of the socket similar to that of FIGURE 4 but shown in an intermediate position of adjustment;

FIGURE 6 is a view of the socket similar to FIGURE 4 but shown in a fully closed position;

FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of the socket shown as in FIGURE 6 in its fully closed position;

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FIGURE 8 is a view that illustrates a rotational driver of the socket illustrated in FIGURES 1 through 7; FIGURES ^' 9 .and 10 are end views -of the driver and are respectively taken along line 9-9 and 10-10 of FIGURE 8;

FIGURE.11 is a view that shows a rotational adjuster of the socket illustrated in FIGURES 1 through 7;

FIGURE 12 is an end view of the adjuster taken along line 12-12 of FIGURE 11; _.

FIGURE 13 is a view which illustrates a spring ^' of the adjustable socket; FIGURE 13 is a view of the spring taken along line 14-14*-of FIGURE 13;

FIGURE 15 is an exploded perspective view that- illustrates another embodiment. of the adjustable socket; FIGURE 16 is an end view of the socket shown in FIGURE 15 illustrating the manner in which a nut or bolt is received so as to be rotatively driven upon socket rotation;

FIGURE 17 is a side, hal -sectional view of the socket taken along line 17-17 of FIGURE 16 with the. socket shown in a fully closed position; and

FIGURE 18 is a view similar to FIGURE 17 illustrating the socket in a fully opened position.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring to .FIGURE 1 of the. drawings, one embodiment of an adjustable socket constructed in accordance with the present invention is indicated collectively by reference numeral 10 and is illustrated with a ratchet -wrench 12 for use in rotatively driving a nut 14 or a bolt head as well which may be of different sizes. Socket 10, as seen by additional reference to FIGURE 2, includes a rotatable driver 16, a plurality

of adjustable jaws 18 mounted on the rotatable driver, a jaw positioner including a sleeve 20., and a rotatable adjuster 22. Driver 16 and adjuster 22 include helical locking surfaces 24 and 26, respectively, that engage each other in an axially facing relationship and extend about a rotational axis A of the driver for an angle of 360°. As will be more ully.hereinafter described, rotation of the adjuster 22 moves the sleeve 20 axially on the driver 16 so that the sleeve radially positions the ^" jaws 18 by slidably engaging camming surfaces 28 of the jaws in a manner which is hereinafter described. A spring 3-0 mounted on the driver 16 moves the jaws outwardly when the adjuster 22 is rotated in one direction while concomitantly camming the sleeve 20 toward the left. Similarly, the cooperative action of the locking surfaces 24 and'26 upon rotation of the adjuster 22-in the opposite direction moves the sleeve ^' 20 axially to the right so as to cam the jaws 18 inwardly against the bias of the spring 30 _÷

As seen by reference to FIGURE 3, each of the helical locking surfaces 24 and 26 on the driver 16 and the adjuster 22 is provided with a suitable locking ^* configuration such as undulations, knurls, or other roughening that provides a locking action for preventing relative rotation of the adjuster on the driver when the locking surfaces are engaged with each other. This locking action prevents the outward force which is applied on the jaws 18 during use from camming the sleeve 20 axially so as to permit outward jaw movement and consequent loosening of the grip on the bolt or nut being torqued. Limiting the adjusting rotation of the adjuster 22 on -the driver 16 to 360° or less provides for a quick action adjustment of the jaws 18 between fully opened and fully closed positions so as to ' facilitate use-of the adjustable sockets with nuts and bolts of the largest and smallest sizes to be

driven by the adjustable socket as well as any inter¬ mediate size. Referring to FIGURES 2 and 8 through 10, the rotatable driver 16 ^" includes a first jaw support end 32 for mounting the ^" jaws 18 shown in FIGURE 2 and also includes a second wrench end 34 including a square wrench opening 36 (FIGURE 10) for receiving an output driver of the ratchet wrench 12 shown in FIGURE 1. As"best seen in FIGURES 8 and 10, the helical locking surface 24 of the rotatable driver 16 faces axially away from the jaw support end 32 toward the wrench end 34- and it will also be noted- that the jaw support end has a round outer surface 38 that is of a larger diameter than the round outer surface 40 of the wrench end due to the axial extent of the helical locking surface 24. An axially extending surface 42.connects the opposite, ends of the helical locking surface 24 as shown in FIGURE 8. Jaw support end 32 includes three radial slots 44 for respectively receiving the jaws 18 during asseϊnbly of the adjustable socket. I ^ill be noted that each slot 44 has .an enlarged inner end 46 for re¬ ceiving the enlarged distal end.48 of a mounting lug 50 on the associated jaw.- As seen best in FIGURES 2, 6, and 8, the jaw support end 32 of the driver.16 has a frustoconical shape that points toward the wrench end 34 of the driver, and a slide surface 51 on each jaw and the inner end 46 of each jaw slot 44 is inclined at a similar angle so that each jaw moves with a combined radial and axial movement. The camming surface 28 of each jaw 18 is perpendicular to its slide surface and direction-θf combined radial and axial movement so as to prevent jamming of the jaw ^' s upon adjustment as is more fully hereinafter described.

Reference should now be made to FIGURES 2, 11, and 12 which illustrate the adjuster 22 on which the helical locking surface 26 is provided. Adjuster 22

also has a sleeve-like construction whose round inner surface 52 is of an appropriate diameter to be slidably 5 received on the round surface 40 of the wrench end 34 on the rotatable driver 16. At its left end as viewed in FIGURE 11, the adjuster 22 has a large diameter surface 54 of a rolled triangular shape with a diameter equal to that of the'round surface 38 (FIGURE ^" 8) on the 0 jaw support end 32 of the rotatable driver 16. The right end of the adjuster 22 is of a smaller diameter than the surface 54.and is provided with a knurled surface 56 to facilitate manual, rotation during adjustment of the socket. An axial surface 58 of the 5 adjuster 22 faces toward the right as shown in FIGURE.

2 and is located between the larger and smaller diameters of the surface 54 and the knurled end 56. Another surface 60 extends between the- opposite ends of the helical locking surface 26 which faces to the left as 0 shown in FIGURE 11. Upon assembly, the wrench end 34 of the rotatable driver 16 shown in FIGURE 8 is inserted through the left end of the adjuster 22 shown in FIGURE 11 so as to provide mounting of the adjuster on the driver for both rotational and axial movement- 5 As seen by combined reference to FIGURES 1,

2, and 4 through 7, the jaw positioner sleeve 20 includes three equally .spaced apertures 62 that respec¬ tively receive the jaws 18.as the jaws are moved from the fully closed position of the socket shown in 0 FIGURE 6 to the fully opened position shown in FIGURE 4. A camming surface 64 of the sleeve adjacent each opening 62 thereof slidably engages the associated camming surface 28 on the adjacent jaw 18 so as to provide the control of the radial jaw movement upon 5 axial movement of the sleeve 20. The camming surfaces 28 of the jaws and the camming surfaces 64 of the jaw positioner sleeve are inclined inwardly in a direction away from the wrench end 34 of the driver 16

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so that axial movement of the sleeve 20 toward the wrench end .moves the jaws 18 inwardly toward the fully closed position while axial movement of the sleeve toward the jaw support end 32 allows the spring 30 to move the jaws outwardly toward the fully opened position. ^" The perpendicular relationship of camming surfaces 28 and 64 with respect to the combined radial and axial jaw movement prevents jamming .of the jaws as the adjust¬ ment takes place since the camming force applied to each jaw is always directed along -the direction of jaw move¬ ment.

The ^* round inner surface 66 of the _. ^' jaw positioner sleeve 20 is seen in FIGURE 2 and has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the larger round surface 38 on. the driver 16 and slightly larger than the diameter of the surface 54 on the adjuster 22 so as to permit the sleeve to be slid over the adjuster 22 after the adjuster has been first positioned:on the driver. It should be noted that this positioning of the sleeve takes place after the jaws 18 have already been positioned within the radial slots 44 in the rotatable driver 16 but before the spring ^' 30 has been mounted on the ^* driver. This sequential order of the assembly is important because the size of the inner surface on the sleeve 20 is just large enough to permit its left end as shown in FIGURES 4 through 5 to pass over the outer ends of the jaw camming surfaces 28 whe -the jaws are moved as far inwardly as possible without the spring 30 mounted on the rotatable driver 16. An annular flange 68 on the sleeve 20 limits its movement to the left by engaging the axially ^" . facing surface 58 of the adjuster 22. The adjuster 22 is then rotatively positioned so that the jaws 18 can be moved outwardly for mounting of the spring 30 shown in FIGURES 2, _. 13, and 14. A mounting end 70 of spring 30 is then prssed into a hole 72 (FIGURE 9) in the jaw support end 32 of the driver 16

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so that the spring legs 74 respectively engage the jaws 18 to provide an outward radial bias. - Thereafter, engagement of the jaw lugs 50 with'the spring legs 74 prevents inward jaw movement past the fully closed extreme shown in FIGURE 6 and the engagement of the •jaw camming surfaces .28 with the sleeve camming surfaces 64 prevents farther sleeve movement to the right and consequent disassembly. ^"

After-assembly of the adjustable socket shown in FIGURES 1 through 14, the socket is..movable between the fully opened position illustrated by FIGURE 4 and the fully closed position illustrated by .PIGURES 6 and 7 by rotation of adjuster 22. In the fully opened posi¬ tioned of FIGURE 4, the axially extending surfaces 42 and 60 (FIGURE 2) on the ^" driver 16 and the adjuster 22 are engaged with each other and -the axial surface 58 of the adjuster 22 is located as far away from ₄ the wrench end 34 of the driver as is permitted. Rotation of the adjuster 22 in one direction moves its surface 60 away from the surface 42 on the driver 16 and thereby moves the adjuster axially due to camming action of the helical locking surfaces 24 and 26 so that the adjuster -surface 58 moves the sleeve flange 68 toward the wrench end 34 of the driver. This axial movement of the sleeve 20 through its camming surfaces 64 and the cooperative action of the Gamming surfaces 28 on the jaws 18 moves the jaws inwardly toward the fully closed position. Adjustment to .any intermediate position

^• such as shown in FIGURE 5 or the fully closed position of FIGURES 6 and 7 is thus possible by a quick action adjustment involving no more than one revolution of the adjuster 22. In any adjusted position, the locking action between the helical surfaces 24 and 26 prevents axial movement of. the sleeve 20 that would permit outward jaw movement and consequent loosening of the grip on the nut or bolt being driven.

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When the adjustable socket is moved to the fully closed position shown in FIGURE 6, the spring 30 limits the inward jaw movement as previously described and prevents the adjuster from rotating so that the distal axial end of its .helical locking surface 26 could pass over the distal axial end of the helical locking surface 24 on the driver and thereby permit the adjuster to otate more than the limits of one revolution in either direction.. Rotation of the adjuster 22 in a direction opposite to the closing direction moves its surface 60 toward the surface 42 of the driver.16 and thereby allows the. spring bias of the -jaws 18 to move the jaws outwardly and cam the sleeve 20 axially away fro the wrench end 34 of the driver'as-the adjuster likewise moves axially to any selected position. The perpendicular relationship of the camming surfaces 28 and 64 to the combined radial and axial jaw movement prevents jamming' of the jaws as adjustment takes place. Once the adjuster 22 is located in any rotational position, '--the cooperative action of the locking surfaces..24_and 26-prevents the jaws 18 from moving outwardly as torque is applied .to a nut or bolt being driven.

Another embodiment ^" of an adjustable socket constructed according to the present invention is collectively indicated by reference numeral 80 in FIGURES 15 through 18 and includes a rotatable driver 82, a plurality of jaws 84 mounted on the driver, and a sleeve 86 that includes a jaw positioner end 88 and an adjuster end 90. Driver 8 ^" 2 includes a jaw support .end 92 on which the jaws 84 are mounted and a wrench end ■94 that has a square wrench opening 96 for receiving the driver of a ratchet wrench in the same manner described in connection with the previously discussed embodiment. Driver 82 has a helical locking surface - 98 -that extends about an axis of rotation A thereof for

360° and faces axially toward the jaw support end 92 of the driver away from its wrench end 94. Sleeve 86 also has a helical locking surface 100 that faces axially within its inner confines away from its jaw positioner end 88 so as to be engageable with the driver locking surface 98. Helical locking surface 100 also extends about axis A 360°. As seen by particular reference to FIGURE 15, the jaw support end 92 of the driver 82 has a frusto- conical shape that .points away from the wrench end 94 and includes three radial slots 102 that have enlarged inner ends 104 so as to receive and axially capture mounting lugs 106 with associated enlarged ends 108 in the ^' manner similar to the previously described embodi¬ ment. Jaws 84 are supported for combined radial and axial movement like the jaws, of .the other embodiment to prevent jamming but with an opposite direction of axial inclination. ^' Adjacent the radial jaw slots 102, the driver end 92 has a round surface 110 of a smaller diameter than the round surface 112 at the wrench end 94 of the driver.

As seen by reference to,.;.FIGURES 17 and 18, the- sleeve 86 has a round inner surface 114 to the right of its axial locking surface 100 with a diameter just large enough to be slidably received over the round surface on the wrench end 94 of the driver 82. Likewise, the sleeve 86. has an inner surface 116 to the left of its locking- surface 100 with a diameter just large enough-. ^* to be slidably received over the

_-— round surface on the jaw support end 92 of the driver 82. Jaws 84 are mounted within the slots 102 prior to mounting of the sleeve 86 on the driver 82 which ^~ in turn takes place prior to the mounting of the spring 30 just as with the previously described embodi¬ ment. Each jaw has a camming surface 118 that is inclined toward axis A i -direction toward the wrench

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end 94 of the driver. ^' The outer end of each jaw cam¬ ming surface 118 -is positioned inwardly sufficently 5 prior to mounting of the spring 30 to permit the inner surface 116 of the sleeve 86 to receive and move over the jaws to the.right so that .the locking surfaces 98 and _. 100 can be engaged axially with each other. An annular camming surface.120 of a frustoconical shape on sleeve 0 86 engages the jaw camming surfaces 118 _. to control radial positioning of the- jaws. After- ounting of the sleeve 86 ^' on _. the driver, spring 30 having its mounting end 70 and legs 74 like the spring previously described is mounted within a central hole in the driver at the 5 inner extremities of the radial slots 102 so that the spring legs provide an outward bias of the jaws. Mounting of the spring 30 also limits the inward movement of the jaws 34 so that.the outer ends of the camming surfaces 118 prevent axial movement of the 0 sleeve 86 toward the left and consequent disassembly of the adjustable socket.

Rotational positioning of the sleeve 86 controls the adjusted position of the jaws 84 between the fully closed position of FIGURE 17 and the fully 5 opened position of FIGURE 18. In the fully opened position, the locking surfaces 98 and 100' are positioned so that the sleeve 86 is moved axially toward the wrench end 94 of the driver 82 as far as possible. Upon rotation of the sleeve 86 from the position of FIGURE 0 18 toward the position of FIGURE 17, the sliding move¬ ment of the sleeve helical locking- surface 100 along the driver helical locking surface 98 moves the sleeve axially toward the left such that the annular camming surface 120 on..the sleeve slidably engages the camming 5 surfaces 118 on the jaws and. moves the jaws inwardly against, the bias of the legs 74 of spring 30. Rotation of the sleeve 86 in the opposite direction allows the bias of the spring legs 74 to move the jaws outwardly

and cam the sleeve toward the wrench end 94 of the driver as the rotation proceeds. The ^" camming surfaces 118 and 120 are perpendicular to the combined radial and axial direction of jaw movement so as to prevent jamming during adjustment of the jaws. Jamming is prevented since the ^" forces applied to the jaws are directed along the direction of movement'. The undulated, knurled, or otherwise roughened helical locking surfaces 98 and 100 prevent sleeve rotation upon outward force applied to the jaws 84 during tightening of a nut or bolt of whatever size to which the socket is adjusted. While preferred embodiments of the best modes for practicing the invention have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and- embodiments all of which are defined by the following claims.