Even if devices or arrangement adapted for anchoring of this kind may have a general application and extensive use, the invention, in the following description, will be illustrated and described for applications which are mainly suitable for devices which are adapted to and designed to be inserted into the ground.

More specifically the following description will illustrate the characteristics of the invention when applied to a device for anchoring in the ground where said device is positioned with a section over the ground.

Devices for anchoring have been developed for attaching wires subject to tension, such as staying masts or antennas of different types, but devices of this kind may also be used for staying or supporting other means or as a general fixation. The same technique can be used to anchor or fix or hold two separat elements to one another.

A fixing or holding arm is fixed to a primary element through a transversal revolving connection in order to let the said holding element take a position close to and along the primary element, pointing its outer extremety in the direction of intrusion during an intrusion sequence and on the other hand in its final position take an inclined direction in relation to the central straight element and serve as a fixing and/or holding device, which will considerably obstruct the removal of the arrangement from its fixed position in the ground.

The arrangement of this kind can be made to protrude or pushed down through the ground by using blows aimed in the direction of the primary central element and/or by rotating the element around an axis coinciding with the primary central element.

Background of the invention.

Methods and arrangements of the kind or similar to the kind according to the above description are known for different types of applications. Thus devices and arrangments of anchoring are already known that have been designed to be introduced into a section of the ground and they are adapted to serve as a device for fixation of an apparatus, element or mast positioned above the ground.

The said device can be considered to consist of a straight central element, a holding or fixing element and a sleeve or equivalent mechanical arrangement. It consists of a first extremity with a tip intended to protrude the ground situated below the mentioned section of ground a distance which is shorter than the total length of the element and a second extremety adapted to stretch a distance above the mentioned sector of ground.

The fixing or holding element is connected directly or indirectly to the primary element through a revolving connection in order to be able to take a position close and along the primery element or a second position pointing outwards from the direction of the primary element.

As exemples of the present state of technology in this field reference can be made to the following patent publications: US-A1-577 708, US-A-3 279 136, GB-A-315 553 and US-A-3 785 104.

Description of the present invention.

Technical problems Concidering the circumstances that a person skilled in this art has to evaluate in order to present a solution to one or several posed technical problems it is on one side a necessity to understand all measures and combination of measures and/or the sequence of actions needed to bring about the complete funktion and security and on the other side a necessity to choose the relevent mean or means requested for doing so, and it is probable, for this reason, that the technical problems related to the accomplishment of the invention are relevant.

When considering the present state of art in this field as described above, it must be considered a technical problem to realise the importance of and the advantages of the arrangement which will create the conditions, which will make it possible to bring the arrangement down into the ground and in such a position in the ground that it will be possible to manouver the holding or fixing element, in the state of a rigid lever, to turn around a shaft transversal to the extention of the arrangement pointing outwards from the arrangement to an activated state and thus a fixing and holding position.

There is also a technical problem in creating such conditions for an arrangement or holding and fixing device, of a nature as descibed above, and thereby creating prerequisites to be able to loosen the arrangement from the ground situated under the mentioned section of the ground, by bringing an activated fixing or holding element which is locked in its fixed position into an unlocked position with a degree of freedom to move close to the primary element during extraction and loosen from its holding position.

Then there is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and the advantages connected in letting the forces be taken up by a wire or cord arranged between the central primary element and the mentioned holding or fixing arm in a turned out position pointing outwards from the central primary element.

There is a technical problem perceving the importance of and advantages of giving the mentioned wire or cord an adapted length, corresponding to or slightly exceeding a chosen distance between a chosen point of attachment on the central element and a chosen point of attachment on the mentioned holding and fixing arm. There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in letting the holding and fixing arm be locked in its folded position against the primary element during the first part of intrusion.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in making the holding and fixing arm begin to turn outwards during protrusion in a predetermined position.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a forced and controlled displacement of the mentioned guided holding and fixing arm is achieved pointing in a direction outwards from the primary element to an activated position pointing outwards from the primary element.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire can be connected between the holding and fixing arm and the central staight element.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element is loose during insertion.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element is not damaged during insertion.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element can be tightened during and after intrusion in order to secure the holding and fixing arm in its outer and holding position.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element can be loosend so that the holding and fixing element can be dismounted from its fixed position.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element is automatically tightend and secured by the pulling force.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in creating such prerequisites that a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element can be chequed after insertion in order to ensure that the wire is not broken and is still fixed to the holding and fixing arm.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in designing the anchor device with a cross section and design, which simplifies the intrusion into the ground, and yet is resistant to strain exerted on its different parts when used.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance and advantage connected in letting said wire consist of a high strength wire with a diameter of 10 mm or more and preferably between 1 and 6 mm for this specific application.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the holding element take the shape of an arm, which is rigid against bending.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in positioning the rotating axis of the holding and fixing arm perpendicular to the direction of the primary element and situated preferably on the opposite side or towards the opposite side of the primary element from the position of the holding and fixing arm.

There is also a technical problem in perceiving the importance of and advantages connected in letting the holding element get a semicircular or U-shaped or V-shaped cross section with a distance between the legs which is slightly greater than the chosen diameter or brodness of the said barlike central staight element. There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the inserting of the arrangement be done by hitting or pushing and/or turning the device for anchoring and thereby pushing the device for anchoring, its central straight element and the holding or fixing arm, into the ground below the mentioned ground surface, during which the holding or fixing device will stay in position with an orientation close to the primary element in an inactivated position.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the first endpart of the mentioned primary element get a simplified shape of a screw or supplied with a detail having a screwlike shape or have a first edge of a combined spiral or shape of a screw line (fig. 2-56).

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the design of the mentioned screw or spiral get a shape which keeps it passiv against the central primary element during the first part of intrusion when the arrangement is forced through the earth by scewing and pressing.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the central primary element be prolonged in the direction opposite to the direction of intrusion.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the anchor be prolonged during protrusion through a telescopic funktion between the primary and a secondary element.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the mentioned secondary element in the shape of a sleeve have a constriction in its extremety in the direction of the holding element and that the central bar has a flange and guiding in its extremety opposed to the penetrating end avoiding the sleeve from being able to slide and pass along away from its position around the primary element.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the mentioned constriction and flange have a guiding surface sliding along the primary element and the inner surface of the sleeve in order to have a secure and smooth movement between the sleeve and the primary element.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the sliding surfaces of the constriction and the flange having seals to avoid leakage between the sleeve and the bar.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the primary central element or secondary element have an inlet for a liquid which permits to pressurize the chamber between the inner surface of the sleeve and the outer surface of the primary element making it possible to set under pressure the volume between the mentioned constriction and the mentioned flange between the secondary element and the primary element and thus pushing the elements together and pulling the primary element out of its position of fixation in the ground.

There is a technical problem perceiving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the holding and fixing arm have a semicircular or an angle cross-section or a U-Form permitting the holding and fixing arm to rest tight against the primary element during penetration of the ground.

There is a technical problem perceaving the importance of and advantage connected in letting the holding element have a semicircular or an angle cross sedtion or a U-form reinforcing the holding element against bending.

SOLUTION The device according to this invention, is based upon a design suitable for use as an anchoring device and can be regarded to consist mainly of a. primary straight central element made from a tube or rod and a rigid holding and fixing arm which can be locked in its outer position by a wire.

The holding and fixing arm should be rigid because this will prevent a successive partial loosening because of local concentration of pressure on the ground. A lokal concentration of the pressure will cause a deformation in the ground in this specific point, which in turn will move the point of highest concentration to a different point of the arm. The point of highest relativ pressure will allways deform and result in a continued deformation of a flexible arm.

The deformation would move along a flexible arm with the successive deformation. A flexible arm could work itself up through the ground when subject to deformation due to variation in pressure along the arm.

The force transmitting wire connecting the holding and fixing arm to the central straight element should be flexible in order to facilitate the intrusion into the ground and pass obstacles such as stones or roots. It will not be obstructed by an uneven stucture. Because of its flexibility it will take up the force and yet pass obstacles along an unstraight line.

More specifically it is a question of letting the mentioned primary element have a sharpened or an inclined cutting of the first extremity intended to protrude the ground. The element for anchoring should be intruded a distance in the sector of ground which is shorter than the total length of the device and have a second extremety adapted to stretch up a distance above the mentioned section of ground.

Futher the invention descibes a guided second element which can be well adapted to surround the mentioned primary element such as a sleeve or a guide inside the primary element such as a rod or profile in order to prolong the element for anchoring.

During intrusion into the ground the rigid holding arm is forced to start turning outwards in the ground in a controlled position and to a controlled extent by the design of the inner rod or tube or the design of a corresponding special tool used for intrusion.

The invention is based on an arrangement which can be considered to consist of a primary element from a tube or bar and a holding and fixing arm or arms, which can take an inactiv position along the primary element and an activ position pointing out from the primary element.

The mentioned primary element could preferably have a first extremety, which is pointed or cut obliquely, which is facilitating the protrusion into the ground under a groundsurface to a depth which is adjusted to be schorter than the total length of the element and a second extremety extending a distance above the mentioned groundarea, which will serve as a fixing point for a force resistant wire or cord.

The mentioned holding and fixing arm or arms could preferably have a pointed first extremety, which is pointed or cut obliquely, which is facilitating the protrusion into the ground.

A sliding secondary element could be designed to be guided within a section between the first and second extremety of the primary element and serve as a prolongation of the central element and a second fixation of the wire.

The mentioned holding arm or arms are fixed to the primary element through a transversal revolving connection in order to hold an inactive position along and adjecent to the primary element and an active holding position pointing out from the primary element.

In order to solve one or several of the mentioned technical problems the present invention points out that the known technique must be complemented with a wire connecting the holding and fixing arm in its outer part from its revolving connection directly or indirectly to the central element with a wire with a length which is chosen to be equal or somewhat exceeding the distance between the points of fixation to the central element and the holding and fixing arm. In an inserted position with the holding and fixing arm in its outer position the pulling force is taken up by the wire and transfered from the holding and fixing arm to the primary central element.

The holding and fixing arm is connected to the primary element through a transversal revolving element positioned on the middle part of the primary element with the tip of the holding element pointing in the direction of intrusion thus permitting the holding and fixing arm to turn outwards from the primary central element during intrusion after releaving any blocking of its position against the primary central element.

After intrusion into the ground and with the holding and fixing arm in its outer position and the wire between the holding and fixing arm and the central element tightend and secured, the holding device will give a resistance against pulling out the device from the ground and thus serve as a ground anchor or generally as a holding and fixing device.

Within the range of the present invention it is proposed that the wire should be a cord or wire of high strength material such as steel and that the diameter of the wire should be thinner than 10 mm and preferably be between 4 and 6 mm.

The positioning of the revolving connexion of the holding and fixing arm or arms can be positioned on the extremety or close to the extremety of the primary element, combined with a design of the free extremety of the holding and fixing arm or arms for intrusion which is inclined in order to achieve a turning movement of the holding and fixing arm or arms when the primary element is pushed down into the ground and in relation to a surrounding sleeve.

Futher it is adviced that the holding and fixing arm or arms should have the shape of an arm with a transversal revolving connection of the arm situated on the opposite side of the primery element from the position of the holding and fixing arm.

Futher it is advised that holding and fixing arm or arms have a U-shaped, V-shaped or semicircular section with a distance between the legs which is slightly exceeding the diameter of the primary element.

More specifically the present invention shows an arrangement when a turning or rotating movement of the mentioned primary element will drill the gound anchor with its holding and fixing arm or arms and a secondary element such as a sleeve circumscribing the central element, through the ground into a section of the ground during which operation the holding and fixing arm or arms stay in an inactive position close to the central primary element.

This application (fig. la) of the present invention shows the design of the first penetrating part of the element for ancoring, which has a design corresponding to the beginning of a screwlike shape, like an edge or a screwlike shape.

Further it is adviced that adjacent to the point of fixation of the wire, the penetrating extremety of the holding element is given a shape like a spiral or screw, which can be made by shaping a bent plate or the edge of a plate unit.

The invention futher shows that the mentioned extremety for intrusion with an edge or beginning of a spiral or screwlike shape should have an inclination which keeps the mentioned holding and fixing arm or arms tight against the central component during the rotating movement through the ground. (fig. 2-56) Further it is shown that a crossbeam (fig. 6-57) on the inner part of the holding and fixing arm or arms will serve to keep the holding and fixing arm or arms in position against the central component by an inner rod or tube as long as the tip of the rod or tube is kept on the inside of the holding crossbeam.

ADVANTAGES The advantages which are specific for this invention and the special significant features are that conditions have been created for a simple intrusion of a device or an arrangement which can serve as a ground anchor for holding devices above the ground, giving a secure fixation, which is possible to verify, combined with a possibility to retract the element, when disirable, by pulling after having slacked the holding wire.

The invention gives the possibility to offer an ancoring device with a ridged arm or arms, which can be brought to an active holding locked position for securing the device in the ground or take an inactive position adjacent to the central element by slacking the tension in the wire and pull it upwards and thereby removing it from its holding position in the ground.

It must be observed that the holding and fixing arm or arms, when the tension of the wire is released by slacking the wire, can take a position pointing in the direction of intrusion in order to facilitate the removal of the device after use.

More specifically the invention is based on the use of a wire between the central primary element directly or indirectly through a sleeve or rod guided by the central element and the holding element, which is fixed to the central element through a transversal revolving connection. The wire can be stretched and locked, keeping the holding and fixing arm or arms in its active outer position and thus securing the ancore in the ground.

The dimension of the holding and fixing arm, its transversal revolving connection and the central rod can be designed to favorable reduced dimensions, and yet present high resitance, since the wire can be fixed to the central part of the arm. This will reduce strain conciderably compared to a design where the arm is held only in its inner connection to the cental rod.

The resistance against removal, when inserted, will be considerably improved when the holding and fixing arm is held by a wire in its central part compared to a fixation of its extremety.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS A number of applications of preferred embodiments exposing the significant features of the present invention will now be described with referrence to the enclosed drawings. The drawings will show examples of a number of possible applications: Referring to figur 1 the main conditions of this invention are shown schematically and the significant caracteristics of the invention have been given a concrete form in an application described in the following text.

The position according to fig. 1b is denominated"inactive"position in the following text since it does not contribute to a fixation of an anchore.

When the device is fully inserted into the ground according to the figur lc, it is suited to serve as a ground anchore for an arrangement positioned above the ground, which is not shown in this drawing. This position is denoted an active position in the following text since it mainly contributes to the fixation of the anchore.

The outer arrangment can be a mast, a pole or something equivalant where the mast is stayed by wires or cables and where the wire should be attached with its extremeties to the arrangement and to the ground anchore.

The ground anchor according to figure 1 can be considered to consist of a rodlike element 10, a first sleeve 20, a second sleeve 30, a flange 40 and a holding and fixing arm 50.

Figur 1 (Fig. la-1c) This application is shown in a sidview in a folded position and in an position inserted into the ground (fig. lc). The sideview in a folded position is partly shown in crosssektion. Fig la shows the application in a fronview.

This version of the anchor is described more in detail in the detailed description.

Figur 2 (Fig 2a-2e) This application shows a version with an outside sleeve 20, which serve to prolong the anchore. The inner extremety of the central component 12 and the inner extremety of the sleeve 22 have guidings with seals as to serve as a hydraulic cylinder which can be used to pull the expanded anchor together when pulling it out from its fixed position in the ground.

The holding force exerted by the ground is taken up by the holding and fixing arm in its outer position and transfered to the wire 60.

The bottom plate fig. 2b-56 on the extremety of the holding device serve as cutting edge when the ancore is turned and pushed into the ground. When the anchor is futher pushed down into the ground the holding and fixing arm 50 will turn outwards into the ground. The wire (fig.

2b-60) will secure it in its outer position. During the turning operation the rod 11 is locked to the sleeve 20 either by a locking pin or an externel tool (not shown).

Fig 2b shows a view of the holding arm and the central element when the anchor is in its folded position.

Fig. 2d shows a section of the ground anchor in a folded position.

Figur 3 (Fig. 3a-3f) This application shows a version with an outer sleeve, which can slide along the central element fig. 3a-10). A tool fig. 3g consisting of a separate straight, pointed rod set inside the ancore during insertion and used for inserting the anchore into the ground. During the first part of insertion the tip of the tool is entering under a crossbeam fig. 3-58 in the holding and fixing arm fig. 3-50 keeping it in its folded position against the central element. When the expansion is started, the tool fig. 3g is lifted and turned half a turn in order to push the same crossbeam 58 outwards and thus forcing the holding and fixing arm to turn outwards. The holding and fixing arm is futher pushed outwards by ground material entering in between the central element and the holding and fixing arm during the continued penetration through the ground. The holding force is taken up by the wire and transfered to the sleeve with its holding plate 43.

When loosening the anchore, the wire is mooved from a locked position in tracks in the guiding plates. With the slacked wire the anchore can be pulled up from its position in the ground.

Figur 4 (Fig. 4a-4f) This application is shown in folded fig. 4b and fig. 4f and expanded position fig. 4a. The anchor can be expanded to become a longer unit by pulling out the inner tube fig. 4a-20 and securing it to the central element fig. 4a-10 with a bolt 21. The wire is stretched during and after insertion by pulling the sleeve fig. 4a-40 to its upper position. The holding element (50) is held in its outer position by the wire 60 which is held in a stretched position by a sleeve (40) which can be secured to the inner tube 20 by a bolt fig. 4a-46. The anchor can be loosened by unlocking the sleeve fig. 4a-40 and slackening the wire.

A version of this design can be made using a longer central element without the possibility to expand. In this case the sleeve is guided directly around the central component. The guided element may also be replaced by tracks in the guiding plate, which are guiding and holding the wire.

Figur 5 (Fig. 5a-5c) This application shows an inner central component fig. 5b-10 with two holding and fixing arms (fig. 5b-50a, 50b and an outer sleeve fig. 5b-20 and two wires 60. Both wires are connected with one extremety to the flange 40 situated on the outer part of the central element 20 and the other extremety of each wire connected to one of the holding and fixing arms to its outer part in relation to the point of revolving connection to the inner central component 10.

The wires 60 have a length which slightly exceeds the distance between the flange 40 and the point of fixation on the arms in a position when the arms are pushed forward by the central element 10 in relation to the sleeve 20 and can rotate freely from the sleeve 20.

By pushing the central component 10 into the sleeve 20 the holding elements 50a and 50b will be pushed outwards from the sleeve 20. They will turn outwards by the shape of their tip when entering a material.

When the wires are stretched the turning of the holding armes outwards from their central position will be secured and reinforced.

The wires can be futher stretched by turning the head fig. 5b-40 of the sleeve and thus securing the holding and fixing arms in a turned out position perpendicular to the extension of the arms 50a and 50b. Fig. 5a shows a section with the holding and fixing arms in a straight position. Fig. 5b shows the fixing and/or holding device in the same position in a different sideview. Fig. 5c shows the the fixing and/or holding device in a fixed position with the holding and fixing arms in a secured holding position.

Figur 6 (Fig 6a-6c) This application shows a version of the invention with a primary central element (Fig. 6a-10) made from a tube and a holding and fixing arm 50 which is fixed to the primary element through a transversal revolving connection 51 and a wire 60 connecting the outer part of the holding ang fixing arm counting from its revolving connection and the second extremety of the wire connected to a guiding track 21 in the guiding plate 11 with a notch for fixation in an upper position. When introduced into the ground the holding and fixing arm is locked in a folded position (fig6b, 6e) against the central element by a separate tool. When the anchoring device has been introduced to a chosen depth into the ground the tool is lifted and turned a half turn and then reintroduced. When futher introduced into the ground via the tool the holding and fixing arm 50 will be pressed outwards by the inclined extremety 71 of the tool and forced to turn outwards. Futher intrusion will force the holding and fixing arm to turn outwards to its holding position, where the wire can be stretched and locked in the upper notch (fig. 6-21) of the track 21. The holding force from an external separate wire can be applied to the bent element (fig. 6a-43) intended for fixation of a wire connected to a mast or other object. Figur 1b shows the ground anchor fixed in the ground in a view looking from the side of the holding element. Fig. 6e shows the ground anchor in a folded position with the wire in an unstretched position.

The holding and fixing arm has a crossbeam 57 as a guide and a point for locking the arm 50 in a folded position against the central element 10 during the first part of intrusion. The locking is effected by a separat tool 70. When suitable the locking tool can be pulled up a schort distance and turned a half turn and reintroduced. By pushing the tool into the fixing and/or holding device the holding and fixing arm will be pushed on its cross beam by the inclined extremety 71 of the tool 70 and forced to turn outwards around its revolving connection 51.

After the holding and fixing arm 50 has turned outwards, a futher intrusion into the ground will force the mentioned holding and fixing arm 50 to turn further outwards into a locking position. The depth of intrusion after unlocking the arm from its folded position should be adapted in order to reach a final outer position of the arm 50 which will allow the wire 60 to be streched and locked in an outer position along the central straight element 10 in the tracks 21.

When applying a separat outer pulling force to the extremity 43 of the fixing and/or holding device the central straight element 10 will be pulled up a small distance until the holding wire 60 is streched and the force is transfered to the holding and fixing arm 50.

In the position according to figur 6a the fixing and/or holding device will present a funktion of a locked and secured fixing and holding device.

A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Initially it must be emphasized that the following description of applications of the invention, which are designed in accordance with the significant features of the invention and which are exemplified and clarified in the adjoining illustrations, figure 1 to figure 6, have been described by using a specific terminology chosen with the object of clearifying the idea and principles of the invention.

It must be noted however that the words and expressions chosen should not be concidered a limitation of the use to the chosen terminology but it should be understood that every chosen word and terminology must be interpreted so that it embraces all equivilant technical terms which have the same or mainly the same function in order to achieve the same or mainly the same object or/and technical effect.

With reference to figur la-lc the main primary conditions of this invention are shown and the specific significant caracteristics of the invention have been implemented in a specific application, which will be defined in the following description.

Thus a side view of the invention is shown in fig. lb, partly as a cut away drawing, intended for intrusion into a sektion of ground'M'where the figures 1 a and figure 1b are shown in a position suited for intrusion into the ground under a sektion of ground'M'.

This position of the holding and fixing arm in relation to the central straight element is denoted"inactive position"since it does not directly contribute to a fixing or holding of the anchor to a conciderable extent.

When the fixing and holding device is fully intruded into a section of the ground according to figure 1 a with its holding and fixing arm in a turned out position from the central straight element and with the wire 60 in a streched position it is suited to serve as a fixing and/or holding anchor to an external element through a separate wire fig lc. This position is denominated an"active position"since it is the position for fixing or holding separate masts, poles or other elements by fixing the staying wires.

The outer arrangment can be a mast, a pole or something equivalent where the mast is stayed by wires or cables and where the wire should be attached with its extremeties connected to the arrangment and to the ground anchor.

The ground anchor according to figure 1 can be considered to consiste of a rodlike element 10, a firste sleeve 20, a second sleeve 30, a flange 40 and a holding and fixing arm 50.

The mentioned holding and fixing arm 50 can take a position close to and along the the rodlike element 10 according to the figures la and lb and in that position the holding and fixing arm does not contribute to any fixing or holding of the anchor but in which position the holding and fixing arm takes a position where it can follow the rodlike element 10 in its intrusion into the ground below a section"M"of the ground.

The arm 50 will get its function as a holding and fixing arm when it is turned outwards from its position according to figure lb into a position according to figure lc.

It is obvious that the arm 50 could take any position between the shown positions depending on conditions of the ground material.

The mentioned rodlike element 10 has a pointed first extremety 10a intended to protrude through the ground below the mentioned section"M"of the ground a distance which is adapted to be shorter than the total length of the rodlike element 10 and a second extremety 10b which is adapted to strech a distance above the mentioned section of the ground"M".

The mentioned sleeve 20 is adapted to surround the mentioned rodlike element 10 within a part of the length situated between the first and second extremety 10a and 10b.

The length of the sleeve 20 has been denominated"L1"in figure la.

The mentioned holding and fixing arm 50 has a revolving and fixing connection to the rodlike element 10 in a point of rotation or shaft 51.

The revolving function and the shape of the holding or fixing rigid arm is adapted in order to permit a position along and close to the central element according to figur 1b and Ic or a different position pointing outwards from the central element according to figur lc, which will be described in the following text.

Between the outer extremety of the mentioned holding or fixing arm in a point 52 and a sleeve 30, a wire 60 is connected for taking up a pulling force, which is exerted on the outer extremety lOb.

The wire 60 for taking up the pulling force has an effective length"L2"corresponding to or slightly exceeding the length between the attachment point 52 on the holding or fixing arm in its folded position against the central straight element and the point of fixation 31 on the sleeve 30.

A relativ displacement of the sleeve 30 in relation to the rodlike element 10 in a direction towards the second extremety 10 b will create a pulling force in the wire 60 which will turn the holding and fixing arm 50 from its position against the rodlike element according to figure lb to a position pointing outwards from the rodlike element.

From the drawing figure 1 can be seen that the rodlike element 1 Oa has a hexagonal or square socket head, for turning the total of the anchor like a stiff body, with a locking of a pin inserted in a hole between the inner rod and the surrounding sleeves.

The holding and fixing arm will be turned around and drill itself into the ground by the design of the tip 10a and the wing 56.

When the flange reaches the groundlevel, the pin is loosened and the inner sleeve 20 rotated, which will displace the second sleeve 30 upwards and simultaniously stretch the wire 60.

The holding and fixing arm 50 is pulled against the sleeve by the wire. The arm 50 is pulled upwards in the ground and fixes the anchore and will pull the sleeve 30 downwards.

Depending on the ground conditions the anchor will be displaced a little in relation to the groundlevel, probably upwards, and an adjustment of the flange is done by screwing it downwards against the surface of the ground.

In the position according to figure lc the arm 50 presents a holding or fixing funktion against pulling up the anchor from the ground in the mentioned section"M"of the ground.

I More specifically the present invention advices that the mentioned wire 60 should be made of a high strength material such as steel and have a diameter not exceeding 10 mm and preferably be between 1 and 6 mm.

The mentioned holding and fixing arm should be ridged against bending and have a point of transversal, revolving connection preferably situated on the opposite side of the central straight element 10 in relation to the position of the holding and fixing arm itself.

The arm 53 is given a shape of a U-section, where the distance"L3"between the legs 54,55 is adapted to exceed the the thickness of the rodlike element.

The present patent application also shows a version of the invention for which a rotating movement will bring the device into the ground accomplished by the shape and design of the extremety 10a, during which the holding and fixing arm stays in a passiv position close to and along the central straight element 10. Se figur la.

Within the present invention there is also a solution to how to insert the device into the ground by giving the extremeties 10a, 59,56 a shape which constitutes the beginning or part of a spiral or screw.

The beginning of the spiral or screw is made by the shape of the outer extremety or with a bent piece of plate.

For this application it is suggested that the shape of the endplate be given an inclination and design shown i figur 2b and figur 2d which implies that the holding and fixing arm is kept folded against the central straight element when the anchor is turned and screwed downwards into the ground.

Close to the revolving connection 51 between the holding and fixing arm 50 and the central straight rod 10 the arm is prolonged in a directing from its free outer extremety 56 and in figure lb is shown that this prolongation is oriented within the lower part of the sleeve 30.

More specifically it is shown that this prolongation 57 should be enclosed by a sleeve and thus prevented and locked against a turning of the arm in relation to the shaft 51 so that the arm takes a position close and along the central straight element 10.

The sleeve is given an external screwlike thread 32 and an internal screwlike thread 33.

The external thread 33 is interacting with an internal thread 41 in the flange 40.

The internal thread 33 is interacting with an external thread 21 in the sleeve 20.

The sleeve 20 is connected and enclosed to the rodlike element 10 as a freely rotating sleeve 20.

The inner sleeve 20 has an external threading 32 and is adjoined and freely rotating around the rodlike element 10 and locked against axial displacement by a first and second stopper.

The mentioned stopper has the shape of a flange and head 10c of the mentioned rodlike element 10.

The mentioned rodlike element 10 and the mentioned sleeves 20, 30 and the flange 40 are coordinated through holes, intended for a locking during the rotating movement and the positions of the holes are indicated in figure la.

The suggested application according to figures 1 a to I c presents the following function: When the outer sleeve 30 is positioned in its lower position towards the tip 10a, the foldable arm 50 is locked in its inner position against the rod 10. The upper prolonged extremety of the arm 57 close to the revolving connection 51 rests against a stopping edge in the sleeve 30.

The anchor or the device can be regarded as a screw. It can be turned around and screwed downwards into the ground.

The arm 50 is kept folded on one side by the shape of the tip and on the other side by force by the upper extremety 57 resting against a stopping edge in the sleeve 30.

The anchor is screwed down into the ground by turning the rodlike element via its head l Oc.

All the sleeves 20,30, 40 are locked against rotation by a through pin placed close and above the flange 40.

When the anchore has been screwed down into the ground so that the flange rests against the ground, the pin is loosend and the inner sleeve (20) is turned in orderto pull the sleeve 30 and the flange uppwards and by doing so streching the wire.

The outer sleeve 30 with a small flange 34 is moved uppwards until the wire 60 connected to the arm is streched.

The folding arm 50 will be holding back and tend to turn outwards and uppwards by the torque exerted around the point of attachment 51 when the wire (60) is streched.

By a continued turning of the sleeve 20 the sleeve 30 will move uppwards.

The foldable arm 53 is pulled against the sleeve 20 and is also turned around its revolving connection.

The streched wire 60 will pull the arm against the outer sleeve 30.

The arm 50 is turned outwards in the ground and is fixing against the ground and the streched wire 60 will tend to pull the central rodlike element 10 downwards when the sleeve 30 is screwed upwards on the inner sleeve 20.

The inner sleeve 20 is turned around, which will displace the outer sleeve uppwards and tighten the wire 60.

The wire 60 will pull the tip 56 of the arm uppwards and outwards by the torque around the connexion 51.

The tip 56 on the arm 50 will be pulled along a bowshaped curve outwards into the ground.

When the arm 50 has been pulled out into its outer position in the ground according to figure lc, the flange 40 is turned around its outer sleeve 30 and is screwed downwards against the surface of the ground'M'.

In this position the rod 10 is screwed down in the ground and the arm 50 is staying in its outer postion.

The wire 60 is streched and the flange 40 is resting against the surface of the ground and a holding force is acting between the lower surface 40a of the flange 40 and the outer surface 53 a of the arm.

The anchor is now loched against the ground in a holding and fixing position.

The positions are locked with a through pin going through the rod 10 and the sleeves 20, 30 and 40.

In order to loosen the anchor the flange 40 is screwed upwards first. The inner rod 10 and the sleeves 20,30 can move downwards a little so that the tension of the wire is released.

After this the inner sleeve is turned in order to pull the the rod 10 uppwards in relation to the outer sleeve 30.

The rod 10 is pulled uppwards and will pull the inner connexion 51 of the arm 53 upwards.

The arm 53 will be folded inwards towards the rod and the fixation of the anchor will loosen.

When the arm 50 is fully folded against the rod the anchor can be pulled up completly from the ground.

In the figures 2,3, 4,5 and 6 alternativ applications of the anchor are shown.

In the figures 2-6 the corresponding parts have been given the same reference numbers for simplifing the description.

The application shown in figur 2a, 2b and 2 c discribes an alternativ with a central straight element with a telescopic function which is used in order to extent the length of the fixing and/or holding device during insertion into the ground. A separat tool made from a rod is used to insert the device into the ground. The tool also locks the cental straight element to the telescopic sleeve in order to avoid rotation between the two parts during intrusion.

A first partial intrusion into the ground is done by turning and therby screwing the central straight element and the holding and fixing arm into the ground. This is done by using a special tool inserted inside the central straight element through the prolongating sleeve.

During this operation the holding and fixing arm 50 is kept in position against an inclined surface 12 on the extremety of the central straight element. The resulting force during turning will keep the holding element folded and close against the central straight element.

By applying a force directly in the direction of intrusion on the inner rod or tube, the inner rod 10 or tube will intrude into the ground. A force is applied vertically in the direction of intrusion on the extremety of the inner tube or rod inside the sleeve 20. The force will push the central straight element into the ground. When the upper sleeve reaches the surface of the ground it will be held back and the inner rod or tube will move futher into the ground and in relation to the sleeve 20.

During this operation of intrusion the holding element 50 will turn outwards guided by the angle of the endplate 56.

As the anchore is futher introduced into the ground, the sleeve 20 is held back when getting in contact with the ground and the wire 60 is streched until the holding and fixing arm reaches its outer position and until the sleeve 20 reaches its outer position in relation to the inner rod or tube 10. In this position the wire will be streched and take up the force applied to the endplate 43 of the sleeve 20.