AN ANIMAL SHELTER HAVING IMPROVED INTERIOR TOPOGRAPHY

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to an animal shelter, and in particular though not exclusively, to an animal shelter comprising at least two different regions of topography for an animal (e.g. ruminant) to reside upon or occupy, or an animal shelter having improved interior topography, this invention also relates to bedding and a bedding system for animals.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The provision of shelters for animals is becoming of ever more increased importance. In particular, provision of shelters for animals during periods of inclement weather provides for a useful scenario for improved health and comfort of animals, as well as for care of pastoral land

For example, ruminant animals, such as cows, are routinely farmed for their milk. Adverse weather conditions may impact on the health and productivity of a cow and its quantity and quality of milk production. In addition, pasture may become damaged or compacted by the hoofs of such animals where the soil or particularly moist. Damage to feed (e.g. grass or other growing crops from such animals) may also occur.

Further, providing for a comfortable environment for animals can have improved health and productivity benefits. Animals are not stressed (or are less stressed by) wet, cold, dry, or hot weather climatic conditions when housed or provided with shelter from some conditions.

Various animal shelters are provided for in the prior art, however the provision for improved conditions are always being sought and should be a part of the continual upgrade of animal health and productive efficiencies for farmers.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide for an improved animal shelter which overcomes or at least ameliorates some of the abovementioned disadvantages or which at least provides the industry or public with a useful choice.

In this specification, where reference has been made to external sources of information, including patent specifications and other documents, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the present invention.

Unless stated otherwise, reference to such sources of information is not to be construed, in any jurisdiction, as an admission that such sources of information are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In a first aspect the present invention consists in an animal shelter comprising : a supported overhead roof,

flooring situated at least partially below said roof, the flooring comprising : one or more first region(s) of a substantially horizontal flooring surface to (each) provide an animal stand-off pad,

wherein situated on, or substantially adjacent to, or interspersed between, the first region(s), is one or more second region(s) of raised surface topography, raised with respect to the first region(s).

Preferably the overhead roof is supported by at least one of:

(a) one or more walls,

(b) posts.

Preferably a basement is provided beneath and in communication with the first region(s) for collection of animal waste matter that may be located on the flooring.

Preferably a basement is provided beneath and in communication with the second region(s) for collection of animal waste matter.

Preferably a communal basement is provided beneath the first region(s) and second region(s) for collection of animal waste matter.

Preferably a channel or grating is provided substantially about the perimeter of the intersection of a said second region and a said first region, said channel or grating comprising one or a plurality of apertures in communication with a basement provided beneath said channel or grating for collection of animal waste, preferably for collection of a liquid animal waste or run-off.

Preferably said basement beneath said channel or grating is a separate basement from other basements.

Preferably the first region(s) comprises or is a slatted flooring.

Preferably the slatted flooring includes a plurality of apertures that allows at least some animal waste to pass through the slatted flooring and to the basement below.

Preferably the animal shelter is substantially rectangular in plan shape and has a longitudinal direction parallel to the major sides of said rectangular shape.

Preferably the second region(s) extends substantially longitudinally along a least a part of a length of the animal shelter.

Preferably the boundary between the second region and the first region is parallel to the longitudinal direction.

Preferably the second region extends along the middle of the length of the animal shelter

Preferably the second region raised surface topography defines at least one ridge, said at least one ridge is predominantly if not entirely parallel to the longitudinal direction.

Preferably said second region(s), in-situ, is located substantially centrally along the longitudinal length, or at least a part thereof, of the animal shelter.

Preferably said first region(s), in-situ, is located substantially about at least one side of the perimeter of animal shelter flooring, more preferably is located along opposing perimeter sides of the animal shelter flooring with said second region(s) positioned therebetween.

Preferably a singular second region extends substantially longitudinally along at least part of the length of the animal shelter, and where the first region(s) are located about said second region providing said animal stand-off pad.

Preferably two animal stand-off pads are provided by said at least one first region, each provided to flank the second region.

Preferably the two animal stand-off pads are located one adjacent each said major sides of said animal shelter.

Preferably the second region(s) is a hillock or is hillock-shaped.

Preferably the second region(s) is a mound or is mound-shaped.

Preferably the second region(s) is of a substantially raised or elevated curvilinear surface from the first region(s).

Preferably the second region is of a height no greater than the height of the roof.

Preferably the roof is of a height above the first and second regions, to allow an animal to stand on either of said first and second regions and not be capable of contacting the roof.

Preferably the second region(s) rise from at least a portion of the first region(s) to an apex above the level of the first region(s).

Preferably the apex is defined by one or more of: a barrier, or a series of portions effectively providing a barrier, or one or more portions providing for a region at or along the apex of discomfort to an animal.

Preferably the second region rises from the first region in a gradual manner.

Preferably there is no step up from the first region to the second region.

Preferably there is second region, in a cross sectional plane to which the longitudinal direction is normal to, is of constant cross section, at least at a region intermediate of its distal ends.

Preferably the constant cross section is bell curve shaped.

Preferably the second region has a ridge apex that is intermediate of its lateral sides.

Preferably the ridge apex is of a constant height above the first region.

Preferably the lateral sides are parallel to each other and are both located under the overhead roof.

Preferably the second region is entirely located under the overhead roof.

Preferably the second region(s) is liquid impermeable.

Preferably the second region(s) include a liquid impermeable covering.

Preferably the second region(s) is liquid permeable.

Preferably the second region(s) is a prepared or pre-fabricated structure or structures. Preferably the structure forms a substrate upon which matter is receivable or appliable.

Preferably the matter is organic material.

Preferably the organic material is one or more of: earth, straw, hay, grass. Preferably the matter is removable from the substrate manually or via machinery.

Preferably the second region(s) present a topographically comfortable surface shape for a ruminant (e.g. cow).

Alternatively, preferably, the matter is bedding (preferably suitable as animal- type bedding or bedding for animals).

Preferably, the one or more second regions are substantially covered or topped by said bedding.

Preferably, where a liquid impermeable cover is provided over a second region, the bedding is provided as a covering over or on top of such an impermeable cover.) Preferably, said one or more second regions are positioned within said animal shelter in a ventilation pathway, more preferably where the ventilation pathway may be adjusted depending on ventilation systems of the animal shelter (e.g. adjustable louvers in one or more sides of the animal shelter).

Preferably, the bedding may comprise of one or a plurality of liquid permeable or liquid draining layers.

Preferably, the bedding comprises a series of stratified layers.

Preferably, the bedding comprises an upper or top surface layer, said upper or top surface layer being liquid permeable.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is a woven material.

Preferably, the upper or top layer provides for a surface characteristic able to shed or provide for a directing liquid run-off across its surface. For example, such an upper or top surface may be of a generally smooth or glossy surface characteristic, and for example may be a finely woven material or fabric (or may be other materials of such a surface characteristic with such a surface liquid run-off function or capability).

Preferably, the bedding comprises a lower or bottom surface layer, said lower or bottom surface layer being liquid permeable.

Preferably, the lower or bottom surface layer is a woven material.

Preferably, intermediate of the upper or top surface layer and the lower or bottom surface layer, is an intermediate layer.

More preferably, the intermediate layer spaces the upper or top surface layer from the, or a, lower or bottom surface.

Even more preferably, the intermediate layer supports the upper or top surface layer. Preferably, the intermediate layer is liquid permeable or wicking of liquid permeating through the upper or top surface layer.

Preferably, the intermediate layer provides for a drainage capability of liquid that may permeate through the upper or top surface layer.

Preferably, the intermediate layer comprises an arrangement of one or more materials.

Preferably, the intermediate layer is a liquid absorbent material or is an arrangement of one or more liquid absorbent materials.

Preferably, the bedding comprises at least one upper or top surface layer, one or more intermediate layers, and at least one lower or bottom surface layer.

More preferably, the intermediate layer may comprise of interspersed or interposed layers of one or more liquid permeable or wicking or liquid absorbent materials.

Most preferably, the intermediate layer comprises materials of liquid drainage capabilities or characteristics.

Preferably, the bedding is provided as a series of discrete sections that may be connected or adjoined together.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer comprises an ultra violet (U.V.) wavelength absorbing component.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is absorbent of solar energy.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is black in colour.

Preferably, the bedding is capable of absorbing and dispersing or releasing absorbed solar energy.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is of sufficient structural material characteristics to withstand impact or contact from hooved animals.

Preferably, the bedding is free-draining of any liquid.

Preferably, the bedding may be a sandwich of two or more bedding layers.

Preferably, wherein the liquid is, or comprises, animal urine.

Preferably, wherein the liquid is liquid from animal faeces.

Preferably, the bedding is resistant (or at least substantially resistant) to rot from animal faeces.

Preferably, the bedding is provided with a covering of faeces of the type of animals which may inhabit said animal shelter.

Preferably, the bedding facilitates drainage of animal faeces to said stand-off pad.

Preferably, said bedding facilitates drainage of animal faeces to said

basement(s).

Preferably, the bedding comprises at least one upper or top surface liquid permeable layer, at least one lower or bottom surface layer (optionally at least the lower- most surface layer may be liquid impermeable, whilst other layers may be liquid permeable in certain configurations), and intermediate of the upper or top surface layer and each or the lower or bottom surface layer is a the intermediate layer, said

intermediate layer being of a liquid absorbent or liquid draining material characteristic (e.g. may be liquid wicking in capability to draw liquid away from the upper or higher layers).

Preferably, a sensor of solar radiation or is a lux sensor for determining a maximum solar radiation or solar lux within the animal shelter and which may be radiating onto said bedding.

Preferably, an alarm is provided for a pre-determined sensed value of solar radiation or lux (or alternatively optionally may be sensed temperature or other ambient conditions within the animal shelter, such as humidity). More preferably, when said predetermined value is sensed, one or more of animal shelter ventilation systems may be activated (e.g. opened or closed to increase or reduced ventilation) and/or one or more of animal shelter shading systems may be activated (e.g. shading of the interior of the animal shelter is reduced or is increased). Even more preferably, the ventilation systems may comprise of one or more adjustably openable or closable louvers located in the wall(s) of the shelter. Alternatively preferably, the shading systems may comprises one or more of adjustable shade cloths that may provide greater or reduced coverage.

Preferably, the animal shelter may be automated to adjust ventilation systems or shading systems or other temperature or humidity control systems according to sensed conditions (ambient or otherwise) within the animal shelter.

For example, the bedding may be of a material, or may have its upper or top surface layer, of a black colour. Accordingly, the animal shelter may optionally comprise of a retractable shade cloth or shading system that can be manually (or automatically) placed in position as a screen under a roof canopy or roof structure (e.g. trusses).

Alternatively, a solar radiation or lux sensor or reader, or a temperature sensor may be provided, such that, the sun's solar radiation/energy can be used to heat and provide drying to the bedding and within the animal shelter in an early part of the day; and, at the end or a latter part of the day when sun is of higher (or lower) solar radiation/power the shading can be increased or reduced to account for the preferred ambient conditions within the shelter (e.g. for animal comfort and health).

Preferably the roof is a canopy.

Preferably the animal shelter is an at least partially open sided outdoor animal shelter comprising :

said flooring defining said flooring surface to support animals, said flooring including apertures therethrough allowing animal waste matter to pass through the flooring,

a basement below said flooring for collecting said waste matter, flooring supports to support said floor above said basement,

side supports,

said overhear roof comprising a water impervious canopy supported by said side supports, said canopy being supported above at least part of said flooring, said canopy allowing at least some light to pass therethrough,

at least one air flow control means to control airflow in the area below said canopy.

Preferably said canopy is curved.

Preferably said airflow control means includes a louvre board that (a) is proximate said canopy to define a gap between said louvre board and said canopy, and

(b) extends outwardly and downwardly along one or more sides of the structure, to direct airflow incoming to the area below the canopy along at least part of the underside of the canopy.

Preferably said air flow encouraging means includes at least one closable vent in the canopy.

Preferably a retractable shade cloth is provided that can be extended to be positioned above at least part of the floor and below said canopy to shade at least part of the flooring from sunlight entering the structure.

Preferably a removable shade cloth is provided that can be positioned above at least part of the floor and below said canopy to shade at least part of the floor from sunlight entering the structure.

Preferably the animal shelter is an at least partially open sided outdoor animal shelter comprising :

said flooring to support animals

said roof, comprising a canopy, supported above said floor, for animals to stand under, said canopy able to provide at least partial shading from ambient sunlight and cover from precipitation to at least part of said floor, wherein the space between the flooring and the canopy is along at least part of one side of the structure open to ambient atmospheric conditions, and

a louvre board located adjacent at least one edge of the canopy yet separated therefrom to define a gap between the canopy and the louvre board, said louvre board oriented to direct part of any appropriately directed ambient airflow incident on said structure through said gap and upwardly into said space to enhance circulation of air inside said space.

In a further aspect, there is provided bedding for animals (e.g. for use in an animal shelter), said bedding comprising of one or a plurality of liquid permeable layers.

Preferably, the bedding comprises a series of stratified layers.

Preferably, the bedding comprises an upper or top surface layer, said upper or top surface layer being liquid permeable. Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is a woven material.

Preferably, the upper or top layer provides for a surface characteristic able to shed or provide for a directing liquid run-off across its surface. For example, such an upper or top surface may be of a generally smooth or glossy surface characteristic, and for example may be a finely woven material or fabric (or may be other materials of such a surface characteristic with such a surface liquid run-off function or capability).

Preferably, the bedding comprises a lower or bottom surface layer, said lower or bottom surface layer being liquid permeable.

Preferably, the lower or bottom surface layer is a woven material.

Preferably, intermediate of the upper or top surface layer and the lower or bottom surface layer, is an intermediate layer.

More preferably, the intermediate layer spaces the upper or top surface layer from the, or a, lower or bottom surface.

Even more preferably, the intermediate layer supports the upper or top surface layer.

Preferably, the intermediate layer is liquid permeable or wicking of liquid permeating through the upper or top surface layer.

Preferably, the intermediate layer provides for a drainage capability of liquid that may permeate through the upper or top surface layer.

Preferably, the intermediate layer comprises an arrangement of one or more materials.

Preferably, the intermediate layer is a liquid absorbent material or is an arrangement of one or more liquid absorbent materials.

Preferably, the bedding comprises at least one upper or top surface layer, one or more intermediate layers, and at least one lower or bottom surface layer.

More preferably, the intermediate layer may comprise of interspersed or interposed layers of one or more liquid permeable or wicking or liquid absorbent materials.

Most preferably, the intermediate layer comprises materials of liquid drainage capabilities or characteristics.

Preferably, the bedding is provided as a series of discrete sections that may be connected or adjoined together.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer comprises an ultra violet (U.V.) wavelength absorbing component.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is absorbent of solar energy.

Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is black in colour.

Preferably, the bedding is capable of absorbing and dispersing or releasing absorbed solar energy. Preferably, the upper or top surface layer is of sufficient structural material characteristics to withstand impact or contact from hooved animals.

Preferably, the bedding is free-draining of any liquid.

Preferably, the bedding may be a sandwich of two or more bedding layers.

Preferably, wherein the liquid is, or comprises, animal urine.

Preferably, wherein the liquid is liquid from animal faeces.

Preferably, the bedding is resistant (or at least substantially resistant) to rot from animal faeces.

Preferably, the bedding is provided with a covering of faeces of the type of animals which may inhabit said animal shelter.

Preferably, the bedding facilitates drainage of animal faeces to said stand-off pad.

Preferably, said bedding facilitates drainage of animal faeces to a basement(s) of an animal shelter.

Preferably, the bedding comprises at least one upper or top surface liquid permeable layer, at least one lower or bottom surface layer (optionally at least the lowermost surface layer may be liquid impermeable, whilst other layers may be liquid permeable in certain configurations), and intermediate of the upper or top surface layer and each or the lower or bottom surface layer is a the intermediate layer, said

intermediate layer being of a liquid absorbent or liquid draining material characteristic (e.g. may be liquid wicking in capability to draw liquid away from the upper or higher layers).

Preferably, a sensor of solar radiation or is a lux sensor for determining a maximum solar radiation or solar lux within an animal shelter comprising said bedding and which may be radiating onto said bedding.

Preferably, said bedding is positioned within an animal shelter for animals.

Preferably, an alarm is provided for a pre-determined sensed value of solar radiation or lux (or alternatively optionally may be sensed temperature or other ambient conditions within the animal shelter, such as humidity). More preferably, when said pre- determined value is sensed, one or more of animal shelter ventilation systems may be activated (e.g. opened or closed to increase or reduced ventilation) and/or one or more of animal shelter shading systems may be activated (e.g. shading of the interior of the animal shelter is reduced or is increased). Even more preferably, the ventilation systems may comprise of one or more adjustably openable or closable louvers located in the wall(s) of the shelter. Alternatively preferably, the shading systems may comprises one or more of adjustable shade cloths that may provide greater or reduced coverage.

Preferably, the animal shelter may be automated to adjust ventilation systems or shading systems or other temperature or humidity control systems according to sensed conditions (ambient or otherwise) within the animal shelter. For example, the bedding may be of a material, or may have its upper or top surface layer, of a black colour. Accordingly, the animal shelter may optionally comprise of a retractable shade cloth or shading system that can be manually (or automatically) placed in position as a screen under a roof canopy or roof structure (e.g . trusses).

Alternatively, a solar radiation or lux sensor or reader, or a temperature sensor may be provided, such that, the sun's solar radiation/energy can be used to heat and provide drying to the bedding and within the animal shelter in an early part of the day; and, at the end or a latter part of the day when sun is of higher (or lower) solar radiation/power the shading can be increased or reduced to account for the preferred ambient conditions within the shelter (e.g. for animal comfort and health). Preferably, the bedding as discussed above may be utilised in conjunction with the animal shelter as hereinbefore described.

Other aspects of the invention may become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the

accompanying drawings.

As used herein the term "and/or" means "and" or "or", or both.

As used herein "(s)" following a noun means the plural and/or singular forms of the noun.

The term "comprising" as used in this specification means "consisting at least in part of". When interpreting statements in this specification which include that term, the features, prefaced by that term in each statement, all need to be present but other features can also be present. Related terms such as "comprise" and "comprised" are to be interpreted in the same manner.

It is intended that reference to a range of numbers disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10) also incorporates reference to all rational numbers within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any range of rational numbers within that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7).

The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited above and below, if any, are hereby incorporated by reference.

This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known

equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying figures as follows. Figure 1 is a cross-section through an animal shelter contemplated by the present invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a second region located within an animal shelter according to this invention.

Figure 3 is a partial cross-section through a first region and second region for use within an animal shelter according to this invention.

Figure 4 is a partial cross-section through an animal shelter (in a ventilated configuration) comprising an elevated second region with a bedding covering the second region.

Figure 5A is one embodiment of a bedding construction arrangement.

Figure 5B is a further embodiment of a bedding construction arrangement Figure 5C us yet a further embodiment of a bedding construction arrangement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the invention is made with reference to figures 1-3, and figures 4-5C.

In one embodiment there is provided an animal shelter (1). The animal shelter (1) comprises a supported overhead roof (2), and flooring (3) situated at least partially below said roof (2). The flooring (3) comprises one or more first region(s) (4) of a substantially horizontal flooring surface to (each) provide an animal stand-off pad. And, wherein situated on, or substantially adjacent to, or interspersed between, the first region(s) (4), is one or more second region(s) (5) of raised surface topography, raised with respect to the first region(s) (4).

In various embodiments, the animal shelter (1) of this invention may be coupled with, or use in conjunction with the features as described by any one or more of

PCT/NZ03/000195, PCT/NZ2006/000324, PCT/NZ2008/000044, PCT/NZ2008/000121, PCT/IB2010/044117, the contents of each of which are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference.

The overhead roof (2) can be supported by at least one of: one or more walls, or posts, such support generally indicated by numeral 20. Other structures may be utilised for supporting a roof (e.g. canopy) in-situ appropriate to the structural conditions required.

It should also be appreciated, in this invention, the roof (such as a canopy) may be supported or held in place by a series of open-sided wall supports or wall portions. Such walls can include openable or closable louvers or other venting systems for allowing air-flow to pass into and/or through the shelter (1). There are various benefits associated with the allowance of air-flow through such an animal shelter (1). Some benefits of which include, improved animal health and animal comfort conditions.

In various forms of the invention, the shelter (1) may additionally be provided with an animal waste management system. For example, such an animal waste management system can be that as referred to and discussed below. In one

configuration, the shelter (1) can be provided a basement (6) for collection of animal waster matter that may be located on the flooring (3). Such a basement (7) can be provided beneath and in communication with the first region(s) (4) for collection of animal waste matter, or may be a basement (8) provided beneath and in communication with the second region(s) (5), or may still further alternatively be provided as a communal basement (9) beneath both the first region(s) (4) and second region(s) (5).

A channel or grating (10) may be provided that extends substantially about the perimeter of the intersection of a second region (5) and a first region (4). Such a channel or grating (10) comprising one or a plurality of apertures (11) in communication with a basement (6) provided beneath said channel or grating (10) for collection of animal waste. The channel or grating (10) may preferentially collect liquid animal waste or run-off, for example the channel or grating (10) may include a system for generally preventing solid waste from passing through the apertures (11), thereby helping to provide for an initial or primary collection of liquid waste from an animal residing near the channel or grating (10) or the second region (5).

Such a channel or grating (10) can be provided with its own separate basement for separately channelling away liquid waste from the animal shelter, or at least keeping generally more separate the liquid and solid waste matter from animals occupying the shelter (1). It will be appreciated however that the channel or grating (10) may communicate more generally with an animal waste management system or other basement regions beneath the first or second regions (4, 5).

In respect of the first region(s) (3), such flooring may comprise of, or is, a slatted flooring system. Such slatted flooring may include a plurality of apertures that allows at least some animal waste to pass through the slatted flooring and to the basement below. Such a first region (3) is generally provided as an animal stand-off pad and for ensuring such a region collects and passes animal waste and run-off into basement (6) regions beneath.

In another form, the animal shelter (1) can be substantially rectangular in plan shape and can therefore have a longitudinal direction parallel to the major sides of that rectangular shape.

The second region(s) (5) can extend substantially longitudinally along a least a part of a length of the animal shelter (1). In such a configuration, the boundary between the second region (5) and the first region (4) would be parallel to the longitudinal direction.

The second region (5) having a raised surface topography advantageously defines at least one ridge (12). Such an at least one ridge (12) is generally

predominantly, if not entirely, parallel to the longitudinal direction (where a second region extends in such a direction). With the second region(s) (5) provided in-situ in the shelter (1), the region (5) may be located substantially centrally along the longitudinal length, or at least a part thereof, of the animal shelter (1).

For example, the first region(s) (4), in-situ, can be provided in a location that is substantially about at least one side of the perimeter of animal shelter flooring (3). And, may further be located along opposing perimeter sides of the animal shelter flooring (3) with the second region(s) (5) positioned therebetween.

In another arrangement, there may be provided a singular second region (5) that extends substantially longitudinally along at least part of the length of the animal shelter (1), and where the first region(s) (4) is or are located about said second region (5) providing said animal stand-off pad.

According to this invention, that is, where a second region (5) can be bounded by the first region (4); in such an arrangement, the stand-off pad region provided by the first region (4) facilitates removal of animal waster matter and run-off, whilst the second region (5) provided for a region of raised topography for improved animal (e.g.

ruminant) comfort and with added health benefits. Such health benefits provided by the second region include the ability for ruminant animals to stand or lie in a position allowing burping and more comfortable rumination.

Further, two animal stand-off pads can be provided by the at least one first region (4), each provided to flank the second region (5). For example, the two animal stand-off pads can be located one adjacent each of the major sides of the animal shelter (1).

In respect of the second region (5), such a region may be: a hillock or is hillock- shaped, a mound or is mound-shaped, or a substantially raised or elevated curvilinear surface from the first region(s).

It will be appreciated the second region (5) is of a height no greater than the height of the roof (2). And, the roof (2) is of a height above the first and second regions (4, 5), to allow an animal to stand on either of said first and second regions (4, 5) and not be capable of contacting the roof (2).

The second region(s) (5) generally rises from at least a portion of the first region(s) (4) to an apex (13) above the level of the first region(s) (3). The apex can be defined by one or more of: a barrier, or a series of portions effectively providing a barrier, or one or more portions providing for a region at or along the apex of discomfort to an animal.

The second region (5) rises or raises from the first region (4) in a gradual manner. And, rises or is raised at an angle allowing for an animal (e.g. ruminant's such as cows) to comfortably position themselves upon the second region (5) or at least part thereof. In this respect, there is no step up or discrete raised section rising from the first region (4) to the second region (5). The second region (5), in a cross sectional plane to which the longitudinal direction is normal to, is preferably of a constant cross section, and more preferably is such at least at a region (14) intermediate of the ends (15) of the second region (5). In one form, the constant cross section may be bell curve-shaped.

In one embodiment, the lateral sides (16) may be parallel to each other and may be both located under the overhead roof (2). In other embodiments, it will be recognised according to this invention that the second region (5) can be entirely located under the overhead roof (2).

The second region (5) may also have a ridge apex that is intermediate of its lateral sides. The ridge apex is generally, though not exclusively, of a constant height above the first region (4). The ridge may act as a barrier or at least a portion of the ridge provides for a deterrent to an animal residing across the ridge apex.

In further forms of the invention, the second region(s) (5) may be formed or constructed to be liquid impermeable. In this respect, a liquid impermeable covering may be utilised to cover the second region (5) to achieve such functionality. Such a feature may provide usefulness in preventing animal waste from penetrating into the second region (5) material or sub-structure. Such a configuration may find use where a basement region (6) is not provided beneath the second region (5) specifically for collection waste or run-off falling or located on the second region (5).

Alternatively, the second region(s) (5) may be configured to be liquid permeable.

Such functionality may be provided in conjunction with a basement (6) provided beneath the second region (5) for collection of animal liquid waste or run-off.

The second region(s) (5) can be provided for implementation or installation within the animal shelter (1) as a prepared or pre-fabricated structure or as a plurality of structures. Such structures can be connected together to form a single second region (5), or may be provided for enabling a series of separate, distinct, second regions (5) in an animal shelter (1). Such a separate component system may allow for ease of installation and/or removal for cleaning or other maintenance of an animal shelter (1) (e.g. if emptying basement regions (6) of animal waste after a period of time).

The second region (5) can be provided as a structure that forms or has a substrate surface upon which matter is receivable or can be applicable or applied. More specifically, in providing for a man-made, but more natural habitat for animals within the shelter (1), such matter can be suitable organic materials. For example, may be one or more of: earth, straw, hay, grass. Such matter can be provided in compacted or solid form for application to the substrate.

The matter can then be removable from the substrate either manually or via machinery for replacement after a period of use.

As described above, the second region(s) (5) presents for a topographically comfortable surface shape for a ruminant (e.g. cow) to reside upon or occupy. In further embodiments, the animal shelter (1) can be an at least partially open sided outdoor animal shelter comprising :

said flooring defining said flooring surface to support animals, said flooring including apertures therethrough allowing animal waste matter to pass through the flooring,

a basement below said flooring for collecting said waste matter,

flooring supports to support said floor above said basement,

side supports,

said overhead roof comprising a water impervious canopy supported by said side supports, said canopy being supported above at least part of said flooring, said canopy allowing at least some light to pass therethrough,

at least one air flow control means to control airflow in the area below said canopy.

The roof comprising a canopy (or where the roof is a canopy) can be curved. Such curvature may assist with air-flow into or through the shelter (1).

The airflow control means includes a louvre board (17) that (a) is proximate said canopy to define a gap between said louvre board and said canopy, and (b) extends outwardly and downwardly along one or more sides of the structure, to direct airflow (18) incoming to the area below the canopy along at least part of the underside of the canopy.

The air flow (18) encouraging means includes at least one closable vent (19) in the canopy.

Further, a retractable shade cloth (not shown) can be provided that can be extended to be positioned above at least part of the floor and below said canopy to shade at least part of the flooring from sunlight entering the structure.

The removable shade cloth can be provided that is positioned or positionable above at least part of the floor and below said canopy to shade at least part of the floor from sunlight entering the structure.

Additional air flow (18) conditioning systems may be employed, for example a curtain or spray of water (19) may be provided as a mist to cool or humidify air flow (18) passing into the shelter (1). This may be particularly useful during periods of hot and dry weather. The air flow (18) then entering the shelter (1) becomes conditioned, further providing for a more pleasant and comfortable environment for the animals residing therein.

The animal shelter is an at least partially open sided outdoor animal shelter comprising :

said flooring to support animals

said roof, comprising a canopy, supported above said floor, for animals to stand under, said canopy able to provide at least partial shading from ambient sunlight and cover from precipitation to at least part of said floor, wherein the space between the flooring and the canopy is along at least part of one side of the structure open to ambient atmospheric conditions, and

a louvre board located adjacent at least one edge of the canopy yet separated therefrom to define a gap between the canopy and the louvre board, said louvre board oriented to direct part of any appropriately directed ambient airflow incident on said structure through said gap and upwardly into said space to enhance circulation of air inside said space.

In respect of the foregoing discussion, the provision of the second region (5) may also advantageously provide for improved animal comfort and health. For example, a ruminant can position itself upon at least a part of the second region (5), located within at least a part of the animal shelter (1) for shelter from adverse or stressful climatic conditions. Such an animal shelter (1) can provide for warmer, dryer conditions during periods of wet or cold, and similarly, can provide for cooler, shaded regions during periods of hot or dry weather. Accordingly, animal stress can be reduced, improving both animal welfare and helping prevent productive capacity from the animals reducing, or at least maintaining productive quality.

This is because the animals using the shelter (1) can position themselves for example in a shaded region, and at a location of greater comfort. Ruminants in particular may require an angled or elevated region to assist with rumination or release of rumination gases (e.g. via burping). Further advantages and benefits are also considered with the present system.

Given this invention, space or a further region (not shown) may be provided for location of feed and drinkable liquid for animals residing in the shelter (1), this may be provided within the shelter (1) upon flooring (3) and under the roof (2) such that animals can be provided with sustenance without having to be exposed to the adverse climatic conditions from which the shelter is protecting them from.

Further, and in relation to the matter which may be supplied to cover the second region, such matter can be a bedding (30) for animals (e.g. for use in an animal shelter).

Bedding for animals may form a further and separate aspect of this invention.

The following description is provided with additional reference to Figures 4, 5A, 5B, 5C.

Such bedding can comprise of one or a plurality of liquid permeable layers. For example, such bedding can be formed from or as a series of stratified layers or materials.

In one embodiment, the bedding can have an upper or top-most surface layer (31), such a layer being liquid permeable to allow liquid to permeate through the layer. Any suitable material may be utilised, and may for example be woven materials.

Such an upper-most or top layer (31) of bedding (30) advantageously also provides for a surface characteristic that is able to shed or provide for directing liquid run-off across its surface. For example, such an upper or top surface (31) may be of a generally smooth or glossy surface characteristic, and for example may be a finely woven material or fabric (or may be other materials of such a surface characteristic with such a surface liquid run-off function or capability).

Such bedding further comprises as an additional component, a lower or bottom surface layer (32). The lower or bottom surface layer (32) being of a liquid permeable construction or material. Such a material may be the same as the upper or top surface layer (or may be different), but may for example also be a woven material. In one configuration, the lower-most or bottom surface layer (33) may be liquid impermeable to that any liquid absorbed or drained through the various higher more layers or layers above the bottom surface can be collected and directed (e.g. via gravity or other channel systems) to drain off the bedding to a collection point (e.g. a stand-off pad or basement collection of an animal shelter (1) as previously discussed).

Intermediate of the upper or top surface layer (31) and the lower or bottom surface layer (32, 33), is a further component, an intermediate layer (34). Figure 5A shows a generalised bedding with a single upper surface layer (31), a single lower or bottom surface layer (32) and an intermediate layer region indicated by reference numeral (34).

Figures 5B and 5C illustrate alternative configurations of bedding (30).

For example, Figure 5B illustrates an intermediate layer formed as tufts of material, such material (like the upper surface layers or lower surface layers) can be of synthetics materials or may be of natural materials.

The intermediate layer (34) can be utilised to space the upper or top surface layer (31) from the, or a, lower-more or bottom surface (32, 33), or layers that may be interposed within the intermediate region (e.g. where intermediately disposed layers may be upper-more surface layers or lower-more surface layers, such as layer (32)).

In some embodiments, the intermediate layer may support the upper-more or top surface layer (31).

Such an intermediate layer (34) is advantageously liquid permeable, free- draining or wicking of liquid, for example of liquid that may permeate through from the upper-more or top surface layer(s) (31).

Such an intermediate layer (34) provides for a drainage capability of liquids permeating through the upper-more or top surface layer (31) or layers located closer to the top surface of the bedding (30).

The intermediate layer (34) can be provided as an arrangement (or stratified series of layers or a matrix) of one or more materials.

The intermediate layer (34) may be formed as a woven matrix of tufts supportive of the upper surface layer or layers. Tufts may facilitate for one suitable form of free-drainage of the bedding system. At least one of the intermediate layer (34) material(s) can be of a liquid absorbent characteristic, whilst other components may provide for wicking or free- drainage of liquids through the layer. In this manner, an intermediate layer (34) is provided that performs to draw liquid away from the upper-more or top surface layer (31), helping to minimise liquid pooling or sitting on the surface of the top layer. Such an intermediate layer (34) can also provide to minimise release of liquids back to the upper-most or top layer (31). As a result, when pressure or weight is applied on the upper-most or top layer (e.g. a goat or cow lying on that surface) does not yield release substantially any of the liquid previously directed away from the upper-most or top surface.

The bedding (30) may therefore comprise an arrangement of at least one upper or top surface layer (31), one or more intermediate layers (34) or intermediate regions, and at least one lower or bottom surface layer (32, 33). The intermediate layer (34) may itself comprise of interspersed or interposed layers (e.g. the layer (32) as shown in Figure 5C) of one or more liquid permeable or wicking or liquid absorbent materials.

The bedding (30) is generally provided as a free-draining type arrangement for removal of liquids, for example, liquid waste such as that from urine or faeces from animals. Directing liquid waster away from the upper-most or top surface is beneficial for a number of reasons (explained further below).

The bedding (30) can be supplied as a series of discrete sections that may be connected or joined together (or may be placing in an adjoining format) to form a larger surface area.

The upper or top surface layer (31) of the bedding (30) can comprise an ultra violet (U.V.) wavelength absorbing component, or other component or material that absorbs heat from solar radiation. In this manner, the bedding (30) or at least an upper region of the bedding, can be warmed or heated to assist in evaporation of liquid that may have absorbed or is on the surface of the bedding. This can assist in drying of the bedding, helping to promote an improved or dryer surface upon which animals may reside. Dryer bedding or top surface for animals further also helps to promote improved health for animals. Improved health and dryer conditions for the animals can provide a number of flow-on effects, e.g. increased yields, and reduced ill-health in a group of animals as well as a number of other benefits.

The upper or top surface layer (31) is generally of absorbent of solar energy, and may for example be black in colour to help achieve this.

The bedding (30) or at least parts or components or materials comprising the bedding (30) may be capable of absorbing and dispersing or releasing absorbed solar energy, helping to distribute warmth/heat from solar radiation. A certain amount of warmth is desired for the upper or top layer or region, providing for a warm and comfortable surface for animals to reside upon. However, the upper or top surface layer (31) or bedding (30) is not preferred to be of a form that heats up so much that temperatures may then exceed that of animal comfort or certain animal health parameters. For example, warmth may be distributed throughout the bedding, thereby further assisting in dryer bedding as a whole.

The bedding (30) should also be of sufficient structural strength or capability, or at least the upper or top surface layer is of sufficient structural material characteristics to withstand impact or contact from hooved animals.

In certain embodiments, the bedding (30) can be a sandwich-type construction of two or more bedding layers. For example, bedding arrangements can be laid upon each other, or stack to form a sandwich of materials. This may be suitable for heavier weight animals (e.g. cows compared with goats).

The bedding may additional be constructed of materials which are generally or at least substantially resistant to rot from animal faeces.

In use, the bedding can be provided as a covering upon which animals can lye or reside. For example, the bedding can be provided as a cover which is placed upon a mound, such as the second region as described above provided within an animal shelter. Once the bedding is installed (i.e. placed as a covering on the ground or on a second region), the bedding can be provided with an initial covering of faeces of the type of animals which may inhabit said animal shelter. Such a covering of faeces (e.g. solids faeces) may assist in helping to reduce or prevent the animals (e.g. goats) from eating the bedding itself.

The faeces placed upon the covering may dry as a result of ventilation patterns in an animal shelter (e.g. due to use of ventilation systems), and the solar radiation entering the animal shelter (e.g. through a light transmissive or substantially transparent or colourless roof canopy). In drying, the faeces can form a dried crust (e.g. dried proteins from the solids faeces). This dried layer of faeces may assist in helping liquids falling on the bedding to be shed off and directed to the stand-off pad or collection basement.

For example, the bedding (30) itself can facilitate drainage of animal faeces to said stand-off pad, and optionally the dried crust layer may help in absorbing liquid or directing liquid to be run-off. Further, the bedding (30) can facilitate drainage of animal faeces to a basement(s) of an animal shelter.

In another embodiment, the bedding can comprise of at least one upper or top surface liquid permeable layer; at least one lower or bottom surface layer (optionally at least the lower-most surface layer may be liquid impermeable, whilst other layers may be liquid permeable in certain configurations); and, intermediate of the upper or top surface layer and each or the lower or bottom surface layer is a the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer being of a liquid absorbent or liquid draining material characteristic (e.g. may be liquid wicking in capability to draw liquid away from the upper or higher layers).

When the bedding (30) is provided for use within an animal shelter, in various embodiments, a sensor of solar radiation or a lux sensor can be provided for determining a maximum solar radiation or solar lux within the animal shelter and which may be radiating onto said bedding.

An alarm may optionally be provided to indicate when a pre-determined sensed value of solar radiation or lux (or alternatively optionally may be sensed temperature or other ambient conditions within the animal shelter, such as humidity) is sensed. When the, or a, pre-determined value is sensed, one or more of animal shelter ventilation systems can be activated. For example, opening or closing of ventilation arrangements (e.g. louvers in walls or roof canopy) can be used to increase or reduced ventilation; and/or, one or more of animal shelter shading systems can be separately, or in combination, activated (e.g. shading of the interior of the animal shelter is reduced or is increased). In yet further configurations, the ventilation systems utilise can comprise of one or more adjustably openable or closable louvers located in the wall(s) or the roof canopy of the shelter; the shading systems may comprise one or more of adjustable shade cloths that provide for greater or reduced coverage and shaded regions within the animal shelter.

In yet further contemplated embodiments, the animal shelter may be automated to adjust ventilation systems or shading systems or other temperature or humidity control systems according to sensed conditions (ambient or otherwise), or one or some or combinations of these, within the animal shelter.

For example, the bedding may be of a material, or may have its upper or top surface layer, of a black colour. Accordingly, the animal shelter may optionally comprise of a retractable shade cloth or shading system that can be manually (or automatically) placed in position as a screen under a roof canopy or roof structure (e.g. trusses).

Alternatively, a solar radiation or lux sensor or reader, or a temperature sensor may be provided, such that, the sun's solar radiation/energy can be used to heat and provide drying to the bedding and within the animal shelter in an early part of the day; and, at the end or a latter part of the day when sun is of higher (or lower) solar radiation/power the shading can be increased or reduced to account for the preferred ambient conditions within the shelter (e.g. for animal comfort and health).

It should be appreciated the bedding (30) as described above may be utilised as a stand-alone component, or may be combined with the animal shelter features as described above, particularly for example with respect to being a bedding covering for the second regions (5) of an animal shelter (1). Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to elements or integers having known equivalents, then such equivalents are included as if they were individually set forth.

Although the invention has been described by way of example and with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and/or

improvements may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

In addition, where features or aspects of the invention are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognise that the invention is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.