BACKGROUND

[0001] Electronic devices such as notebooks, laptops, desktops, tablets, and smartphones include antennas to enable wireless communication. A number of antennas utilized to enable wireless communications varies responsive to differences in wireless communication technology.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Various examples are described below referring to the following figures.

[0003] FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having an antenna on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

[0004] FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

[0005] FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams depicting a resonator plane and a ground plane, respectively, of a waveguide, in accordance with various examples. [0006] FIGS. 4A and 4B are block diagrams depicting a resonator plane and a ground plane, respectively, of a waveguide, in accordance with various examples. [0007] FIGS. 5A and 5B are block diagrams depicting a resonator plane and a ground plane, respectively, of a waveguide, in accordance with various examples. [0008] FIG. 6 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

[0009] FIG. 7 is a block diagram depicting an antenna having waveguides, in accordance with various examples.

[0010] FIG. 8 is a block diagram depicting an antenna having waveguides, in accordance with various examples.

[0011] FIG. 9 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples. [0012] FIG. 10 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

[0013] FIG. 11 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

[0014] FIG. 12 is a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device having antennas on a backside of a display panel, in accordance with various examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] As described above, electronic devices include antennas to enable wireless communication. The antennas are often located behind a bezel, beside a display panel, or a combination thereof, of an electronic device. The bezel, as used herein, encloses a portion of a display panel of the electronic device to secure the display panel to the electronic device. The bezel is glass, plastic, or other suitable material through which electromagnetic (EM) waves may propagate. Advances in wireless communication technology have resulted in usage of wider bandwidths by the electronic device. To facilitate coverage of frequencies within a wider bandwidth, antennas are reconfigured. Other components of the electronic device are located behind the bezel as well. In some instances, the other components interfere with the reconfiguration of the antenna by reducing an available area within which to locate the reconfigured antenna.

[0016] Additionally, as electronic device technology advances, a desirability for high screen to body ratio (STBR) increases. As the STBR increases, availability of areas to place the antennas decreases because an area of the bezel decreases. Decreased availability of areas to place the antennas reduces a number of available antenna configurations. The decreased bezel area results in antennas having a closer proximity to the other components located within the bezel. The closer proximity results in increased EM interference. To compensate for the increased EM interference, the electronic device includes shielding material.

[0017] This description describes electronic devices that include antennas having a plurality of resonators. The plurality of resonators are located on a substrate having a first metal plate on a frontside of the substrate and a second metal plate on a backside of the substrate. The first metal plate couples to the second metal plate using vias. A via, as used herein, is a hole that includes a metallic tube or post and couples a first layer to a second layer. The first metal plate is herein referred to as a resonator plane. The second metal plate is herein referred to as a ground plane. The frontside of the substrate is herein referred to as a resonator plane of the antenna. The backside of the substrate is herein referred to as the ground plane of the antenna.

[0018] The antenna is located within the electronic device, on a backside of a display panel of the electronic device. The backside of the display panel, as used herein, refers to a side of the display panel that faces internal components, or components housed within the chassis, of the electronic device. In various examples, the resonator plane of the antenna faces the backside of the display panel. In some examples, the antenna is located on a backside of the display panel and on an inner side of a portion of the chassis that is a plastic or other suitable material that reduces EM interference. The inner side of the chassis, as used herein, refers to a side of the chassis that faces the backside of the display panel. In various examples, the ground plane of the antenna is located on the inner side of the chassis and is coupled to a metal portion of the inner side of the chassis via a ground foil. In some examples, multiple antennas are located on the backside of the display panel. In various examples, the multiple antennas are coupled together. In some examples, isolation elements, resonators, matching circuits, or a combination thereof are located within a region defined by the plastic portion of the chassis.

[0019] By utilizing the antenna having a plurality of resonators formed on a substrate, a height of the antenna is reduced. The reduced height enables the antenna to be located on a backside of the display panel without increasing an overall height of the electronic device. Locating the antenna on the backside of the display panel decreases EM interference from other components. Locating the antenna on the backside of the plastic portion of the chassis reduces EM interference. The decreased EM interference reduces an amount of shielding utilized within the electronic device. Additionally, an increased STBR is accommodated because the area of the bezel does not increase to accommodate the antenna. By utilizing the antenna having the plurality of resonators, the antenna resonates in multiple frequency bands, thereby accommodating wider bandwidths. [0020] In some examples in accordance with the present description, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display panel including a frontside and a backside, and an antenna including a plurality of resonators, where the plurality of resonators is disposed on the backside of the display panel.

[0021] In other examples in accordance with the present description, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a chassis, a display panel disposed in the chassis, where the display panel includes a frontside and a backside, and an antenna disposed on the backside, where the antenna includes a first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band, and a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band.

[0022] In yet other examples in accordance with the present description, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first antenna including a first resonator coupled to a second resonator, the first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band and the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band, a second antenna including a third resonator coupled to a fourth resonator, the third resonator to resonate in the first frequency band and the fourth resonator to resonate in the second frequency band, and a display panel including a frontside and a backside, where the first antenna and the second antenna are disposed on the backside, and where a gap separates the display panel and the first and the second antennas.

[0023] Referring now to FIG. 1 , a block diagram showing a cross-section view of an electronic device 100 having an antenna 110 on a backside 122 of a display panel 108 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 100 is a notebook, laptop, desktop, tablet, smartphone, or other suitable computing device that utilizes wireless communications, for example. The electronic device 100 has a height 114. The electronic device 100 includes a chassis 102, a bezel 106, the display panel 108, the antenna 110, and a connector 112. The chassis 102 is a metal, plastic, other suitable material for housing components of the electronic device 100, or a combination thereof. The chassis 102 includes a portion 104. The portion 104, as indicated by the dotted lines, may be a different material than the remainder of the chassis 102. The portion 104 is plastic or other suitable material that enables propagation of EM waves, for example. The chassis 102 has an inner side 124.

[0024] The bezel 106 encloses a portion of the display panel 108 to secure the display panel 108 within the chassis 102. The bezel 106 is glass, plastic, or other suitable material through which EM waves may propagate. The display panel 108 is a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a light-emitting diode (LED) panel, a quantum dot (QD) panel, or any suitable panel for displaying images, for example. The display panel 108 has a frontside 120 and the backside 122. The antenna 110 is any suitable device that transmits or receives EM waves. The antenna 110 includes a substrate 126, a resonator plane 128, and a ground plane 130 and has a height 116. The antenna 110 is a substrate integrated waveguide antenna, for example. The connector 112 is any suitable conductor for transmitting an EM wave to or from the antenna 110 to or from other components of the electronic device 100. The connector 112 is a coaxial cable, for example.

[0025] In various examples, the chassis 102 is coupled to the bezel 106, the display panel 108, and the antenna 110. The bezel 106 couples to the chassis 102 and the display panel 108. In some examples, the bezel 106 is a glass panel integrated with the display panel 108. The antenna 110 is coupled to the chassis 102 and the connector 112. In some examples, the antenna 110 is located on the portion 104 of the chassis 102. The connector 112 is coupled to the antenna 110 and other components (not explicitly shown) of the electronic device 100. A gap 118 separates the connector 112 and the backside 122.

[0026] In some examples, as described above, the electronic device 100 includes the display panel 108 including the frontside 120 and the backside 122, and the antenna 110 including a plurality of resonators, where the plurality of resonators are disposed on the backside 122 of the display panel 108. Disposed on the backside 122 of the display panel 108, as used herein, does not indicate a coupling of the plurality of the resonators to the backside 122 of the display panel 108. For example, disposed on the backside 122 of the display panel 108 indicates that the plurality of the resonators are located between the backside 122 of the display panel 108 and the inner side 124 of the chassis 102. For example, the antenna 110 includes the plurality of resonators disposed on a first side of the substrate 126. The first side of the substrate 126 is the resonator plane 128, for example. The resonator plane 128 is disposed on the backside 122 of the display panel 108. The antenna 110 includes a ground plane disposed on a second side of the substrate 126. The second side of the substrate 126 is the ground plane 130, for example. The ground plane 130 is disposed on the inner side 124 of the chassis 102.

[0027] In various examples, the height 116 of the antenna 110 is determined, in part, by a material utilized as the substrate 126. Selecting a dielectric material having a high permittivity, as indicated by a dielectric constant, for example, as the material utilized as the substrate 126 enables a reduction in the height 116. To determine a material to utilize for the substrate 126, a dimension (e.g., length, width) of the portion 104, a specified height for the height 114, a specified height for the height 116, a specified height for the gap 118, a specified frequency band, or a combination thereof, may be considered. The substrate 126, the dimensions of the portion 104, the specified height for the height 114, the specified height for the height 116, the specified height for the gap 118, the specified frequency band, or a combination thereof, may be determined at a time of manufacture, for example. [0028] In some examples, as described above, the antenna 110 is disposed on the backside 122 of the display panel 108 and on the inner side 124 of the portion 104 of the chassis 102. The gap 118 is equivalent to or greater than a height that blocks the antenna 110, the connector 112, or a combination thereof, from contacting the backside 122, which may generate a watermark on the frontside 120 of the display panel 108.

[0029] In various examples, the height 116 of the antenna 110 is equivalent to or less than 0.5 millimeters (mm). By utilizing the antenna 110 having the height 116 that is equivalent to or less than 0.5 mm, the gap 118 is included without an increase to the height 114. For example, the height 114 is equivalent to a height of an electronic device including an antenna behind a bezel instead of on a backside of a display panel. By maintaining the height 114, user experience is maintained. Locating the antenna 110 on the backside 122 enables an increase in the STBR, thereby improving the user experience.

[0030] In some examples, the electronic device 100 includes the chassis 102, the display panel 108 disposed in the chassis 102, where the display panel 108 includes the frontside 120 and the backside 122, and the antenna 110 disposed on the backside 122, where the antenna 110 includes a first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band, and a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band. Refer to FIGS. 3 - 5 below for examples describing the first resonator resonating in the first frequency band and the second resonator resonating in the second frequency band. In various examples, the first frequency band is a first range of frequencies of a specified bandwidth, where the second frequency band is a second range of frequencies of the specified bandwidth. The specified bandwidth is specified by a specification or standard that governs communications of the electronic device 100 with networks, for example. The specification or standard is the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 ac, 802.11 ax (e.g., Wi-Fi 6, Wi-Fi 6E), or other specification or standard that governs communications of the electronic device 100 with networks. For example, the specified bandwidth may include a first frequency band including frequencies between 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) and 2.5 GHz (e.g., a 2.4 GHz frequency band), a second frequency band including frequencies between 5.15 GHz and 5.85 GHz (e.g., a 5 GHz frequency band), and a third frequency band including frequencies between 5.925 GHz and 7.125 GHz (e.g., a 6 GHz frequency band). In various examples, multiple frequency bands that include frequencies that overlap with other frequency bands are included in a frequency band that includes the frequencies of the multiple frequency bands. For example, a 5 GHz frequency band and a 6 GHz frequency band are described as a second frequency band that includes frequencies between 5.15 GHz and 7.125 GHz.

[0031] Referring now to FIG. 2, a block diagram showing a cross-section view of an electronic device 200 having antennas 210, 212 on a backside of a display panel 208 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 200 is the electronic device 100, for example. The electronic device 200 has a height 218. The height 218 is the height 114, for example. An antenna 210 is the antenna 110, for example. The antenna 210 has a height 216. The height 216 is the height 116, for example. An antenna 212 is the antenna 110, for example. The antenna 212 has a height 222. The height 222 is the height 116, for example. The display panel 208 is the display panel 108, for example.

[0032] The electronic device 200 includes a chassis 202, a bezel 206, the display panel 208, the antennas 210, 212, and connectors 214, 220. The chassis 202 is the chassis 102, for example. The chassis 202 includes portions 204A, 204B. The portions 204A, 204B are herein referred to collectively as a portion 204. The portion 204 is the portion 104, for example. The bezel 206 is the bezel 106, for example. A connector 214 is the connector 112, for example. A connector 220 is the connector 112, for example. A gap 224 separates the connector 214 from a backside of the display panel 208. A gap 226 separates the connector 220 from the backside of the display panel 208. In various examples, the chassis 202, the bezel 206, the display panel 208, the antennas 210, 212, respectively, and the connectors 214, 220, respectively, are coupled similarly to the chassis 102, the bezel 106, the display panel 108, the antenna 110, and the connector 112, as described above with respect to FIG. 1 .

[0033] In some examples, the cross-section view of the electronic device 200 is a different cross-section view of the electronic device 100. For example, the crosssection view of FIG. 1 is a cross-section view of a first side of the electronic device 100 and the cross-section view of FIG. 2 is a second side of the electronic device 100, where the second side is not opposite to the first side. The antenna 210 is a first antenna. The antenna 210 is the antenna 110, for example. The antenna 212 is a second antenna. In various examples, the electronic device 200 includes the first antenna 210 including a first resonator coupled to a second resonator, the first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band and the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band, the second antenna 212 including a third resonator coupled to a fourth resonator, the third resonator to resonate in the first frequency band and the fourth resonator to resonate in the second frequency band, and the display panel 208 including a frontside and a backside, where the first antenna 210 and the second antenna 212 are disposed on the backside, and where the gap 224 separates the display panel 208 and the first antenna 210 and the gap 226 separates the display panel 208 and the second antenna 212. Refer to FIGS. 6 and 9 - 12 below for examples describing the first antenna (e.g., the first antenna 210) including the first and the second resonators and the second antenna (e.g., the second antenna 212) including the third and fourth resonators.

[0034] As described above with respect to FIG. 1 , a threshold gap blocks an antenna (e.g., the antenna 210, 212), a connector (e.g., the connector 214, 220) coupled to the antenna, or a combination thereof, from contacting the backside of the display panel 208. The gap 224, 226 are greater than the threshold gap. In various examples, the gap 224 is equivalent to the gap 226, and both the gap 224, 226 are greater than the specified gap. In other examples, the gap 224 is less than the gap 226, or vice versa, and both the gap 224, 226 are greater than the threshold gap. Enabling a location of the connector 214, 220 to vary in relation to the antenna 210, 212, respectively, enables different configurations of the antenna 210, 212, different configurations for the portions 204A, 204B, or a combination thereof.

[0035] For example, locating the connector 214 on a frontside of the antenna 210 increases a ratio of a coupling of a length of the antenna 210 to a length of the portion 204A. In some examples, locating the connector 214 on a frontside of the antenna 210 enables a length, a width, or a combination thereof, of the portion 204A to be greater than a length, a width, or a combination thereof, of the portion 204B. In another example, coupling the connector 220 to the portion 204B increases a substrate thickness that may be utilized for the antenna 212. The increased substrate thickness enables the antenna 212 to resonate in a different frequency band than the antenna 210, for example. In some examples, coupling the connector 220 to the portion 204B enables a length, a width, or a combination thereof to be less than a length, a width, or a combination thereof, of the portion 204A.

[0036] By utilizing a substrate integrated waveguide for the antenna 210, 212, the height 216, 222, respectively, is reduced. The reduced height enables the antenna 210, 212 to be located on a backside of the display panel 208 without increasing the height 218 of the electronic device 200. Locating the antenna 210, 212 on the backside of the display panel 208 decreases EM interference from other components of the electronic device 200. Locating the antenna 210, 212 on the backside of the portion 204 of the chassis 202 reduces EM interference. The decreased EM interference reduces an amount of shielding utilized within the electronic device 200. Additionally, an increased STBR is accommodated because the area of the bezel 206 does not increase to accommodate the antenna 210, 212. [0037] Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, block diagrams showing a resonator plane 302 and a ground plane 312, respectively, of a waveguide 300 are provided, in accordance with various examples. The waveguide 300 is a waveguide of the antenna 110, 210, 212, for example. The resonator plane 302 is the resonator plane 128, for example. The ground plane 312 is the ground plane 130, for example.

[0038] Referring now to FIG. 3A, the waveguide 300 includes a substrate 301 and the resonator plane 302. The substrate 301 is the substrate 126, for example. The resonator plane 302 is a metal plate having portions removed to expose the substrate 301 , for example. The substrate 301 has a dimension 303. The resonator plane 302 includes resonators 304, 306, 308, traces 305, 307, and first ends of vias 310. The resonators 304, 306, 308 are resonators that resonate in various frequency ranges of a frequency band. A frequency range, as used herein, is a subset of frequencies that are included in the frequency band. A resonator 304 is a monopole resonator that resonates in a first frequency range, for example. A resonator 306 is a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) resonator that resonates in a second frequency range, for example. A resonator 308 is a coupled arm resonator that resonates in a third frequency range, for example. A trace 305 couples the resonator 304 to a connector (e.g. the connector 112, 214, 220). A trace 307 couples the resonator 304 to a connector (e.g. the connector 112, 214, 220).

[0039] Referring now to FIG. 3B, the waveguide 300 includes the ground plane 312. The ground plane 312 includes second ends of the vias 310. The ground plane 312 has a dimension 303.

[0040] Referring again to FIGS. 3A and 3B, in various examples, the second ends of the vias 310 couple portions of the resonator plane 302 that include the first ends of the vias 310 to the ground plane 312. For example, the vias 310 include flanged ends that couple to portions of the resonator plane 302 and to portions of the ground plane 312. The resonator 304 is coupled to the resonator 306, 308 via the ground plane 312. The resonator 306 is coupled to the resonator 304, 308 via the ground plane 312. The resonator 308 is coupled to the resonator 304, 306 via the ground plane 312.

[0041] In various examples, the resonators 304, 306, 308 are to resonate in different frequency ranges of a frequency band. Portions of the metal plate of the resonator plane 302 are removed to generate the resonators 304, 306, 308 having the different frequency ranges, for example. The dimension 303, placement of the vias 310 in relation to each other, placement of the vias 310 in relation to edges of the substrate 301 , placement of the vias 310 in relation to edges of the resonator plane 302, a material of the substrate 301 , or a combination thereof determine a cutoff wavelength of the waveguide 300. The cutoff wavelength is a lower limit of the frequency band of the waveguide 300, for example.

[0042] In various examples, a first resonator of the resonators 304, 306, 308 resonates in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a quarter wavelength of the frequency band. In other examples, a second resonator of the resonators 304, 306, 308 resonates in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a quarter wavelength of the frequency band. In some examples, a third resonator of the resonators 304, 306, 308 resonates in response to receipt or transmission of an EM wave having a wavelength that is a quarter wavelength or a half wavelength of the frequency band.

[0043] For example, the waveguide 300 operates within a frequency band that includes frequencies of 5.15 GHz to 7.125 GHz. The resonator 304 resonates in a first frequency range within the frequency band, where the first frequency range is an upper range of the frequency band. The resonator 306 resonates in a second frequency range within the frequency band, where the second frequency range is a lower range of the frequency band. The resonator 308 resonates in a third frequency range within the frequency band, where the third frequency range is a middle range of the frequency band. In some examples, adjusting a location of the resonator 308 in relation to the resonators 304, 306 adjusts the middle range of frequencies that cause the resonator 308 to resonate. [0044] Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, block diagrams showing a resonator plane 402 and a ground plane 410, respectively, of a waveguide 400 are provided, in accordance with various examples. The waveguide 400 is a waveguide of the antenna 110, 210, 212, for example. The resonator plane 402 is the resonator plane 128, for example. The ground plane 410 is the ground plane 130, for example.

[0045] Referring now to FIG. 4A, the waveguide 400 includes a substrate 401 and the resonator plane 402. The substrate 401 is the substrate 126, for example. The resonator plane 402 is a metal plate having portions removed to expose the substrate 401 , for example. The resonator plane 402 includes resonators 404, 406A, 406B, 406C, a trace 407, and first ends of vias 408. The resonators 406A, 406B, and 406C are herein collectively referred to as a resonator 406. The resonators 404, 406 are to resonate in various frequency ranges. A resonator 404 is a first patch resonator that resonates in a frequency range of a first frequency band, for example. The resonator 406 is a second patch resonator that resonates in frequency ranges of a second frequency band, for example. The trace 407 couples the resonator 304 to a connector (e.g. the connector 112, 214, 220). The vias 408 include vias 408A, 408B, 408C, 408D.

[0046] Referring now to FIG. 4B, the waveguide 400 includes the ground plane 410. The ground plane 410 includes second ends of the vias 408.

[0047] Referring again to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the second ends of the vias 408 couple portions of the resonator plane 402 that include the first ends of the vias 408 to the ground plane 410. For example, the vias 408 include flanged ends that couple to portions of the resonator plane 402 and to portions of the ground plane 410. The resonator 406 is coupled to the resonator 404 via the ground plane 410. [0048] In various examples, the waveguide 400 operates within multiple frequency bands. As described above with respect to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a dimension of the substrate 401 , placement of the vias 408 in relation to each other, placement of the vias 408 in relation to edges of the substrate 401 , a material of the substrate 401 , or a combination thereof determine a cutoff wavelength of a first frequency band of the waveguide 400, a cutoff wavelength of a second frequency band of the waveguide 400, or a combination thereof. For example, multiple vias of the vias 408 together with boundary conditions shown by the resonator 406A and the resonator 406B cause the resonator 406A and the resonator 406B to resonate in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a half wavelength of the first frequency band. In another example, multiple vias of the vias 408 together with a boundary condition shown by the resonator 406C cause the resonator 406C to resonate in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a quarter wavelength of a second frequency band. Because the resonator 406C resonates in a fundamental resonant mode, the second frequency band is a lower frequency band than the first frequency band. Because the resonator 406 resonates in higher order modes, the resonator 406 resonates in multiple frequency ranges of the first frequency band. In yet another example, the boundary condition shown by the resonator 404 causes the resonator 404 to resonate for an EM wave having a wavelength of the first frequency band. In various examples, the first frequency band includes frequencies of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and the second frequency band includes frequencies of 5.15 GHz to 7.125 GHz.

[0049] In some examples, adjusting a location of the via 408A in relation to the edge including the via 408D, a location of the via 408B in relation to the edge including the via 408C, or a combination thereof, adjusts the range of frequencies within the second frequency band that causes the resonator 406 to resonate.

[0050] Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, block diagrams showing a resonator plane 502 and a ground plane 510, respectively, of a waveguide 500 are provided, in accordance with various examples. The waveguide 500 is a waveguide of the antenna 110, 210, 212, for example. The resonator plane 502 is the resonator plane 128, for example. The ground plane 510 is the ground plane 130, for example.

[0051] Referring now to FIG. 5A, the waveguide 500 includes a substrate 501 and the resonator plane 502. The substrate 501 is the substrate 126, for example. The resonator plane 502 is a metal plate having portions removed to expose the substrate 501 , for example. The resonator plane 502 includes resonators 504A, 504B, 504C, 506A, 506B, 506C, a trace 507, first ends of vias 508, and a slot 509. The resonators 504A - 504C are herein collectively referred to as a resonator 504. The resonators 506A - 506C are herein collectively referred to as a resonator 506. The resonators 504, 506 are to resonate in various frequency ranges of a frequency band. The resonator 504 is a first patch resonator that resonates for an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a half wavelength of the frequency band, for example. The resonator 506 is a second patch resonator that resonates for an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a quarter wavelength for the frequency band, for example. The trace 507 couples the resonators 504 to a connector (e.g. the connector 112, 214, 220). The vias 508 include vias 508A - 508G.

[0052] Referring now to FIG. 5B, the ground plane 510 includes second ends of the vias 508. Referring again to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the vias 508 couple portions of the resonator plane 502 to the ground plane 510. For example, the vias 508 include flanged ends that couple to portions of the resonator plane 502 and to portions of the ground plane 510. The resonator 504 is coupled to the resonator 506 via the ground plane 510.

[0053] In various examples, the resonators 504, 506, resonate across multiple frequency ranges of a frequency band. As described above with respect to FIGS. 3A and 3B or FIGS. 4A and 4B, a dimension of the substrate 501 , placement of the vias 508 in relation to each other, placement of the vias 508 in relation to edges of the substrate 501 , a material of the substrate 501 , or a combination thereof determine a lower resonant frequency of the frequency band of the waveguide 500. In some examples, portions of the metal plate of the resonator plane 502 are removed to generate the resonators 504, 506 that resonate in response to a range of frequencies within the frequency band. In various examples, the resonators 504, 506 resonate in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is between approximately the quarter and the half wavelength of a frequency band.

[0054] For example, waveguide 500 operates within the frequency band that includes frequencies of 5.15 GHz to 7.125 GHz. As described above with respect to FIGS. 3A and 3B or FIGS. 4A and 4B, a dimension of the substrate 501 , placement of the vias 508 in relation to each other, placement of the vias 508 in relation to edges of the substrate 501 , placement of the vias 508 in relation to edges of the slot 509, a material of the substrate 501 , or a combination thereof determine a cutoff wavelength of the frequency band of the waveguide 500. For example, multiple vias of the vias 508 together with boundary conditions shown by the resonator 504A, the resonator 504B, and the resonator 504C cause the resonator 504A, the resonator 504B, and the resonator 504C to resonate in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a half wavelength of the frequency band. In another example, multiple vias of the vias 508 together with a boundary condition shown by the resonator 506A, the resonator 506B, and the resonator 506C cause the resonator 506A, the resonator 506B, and the resonator 506C to resonate in response to an EM wave having a wavelength that is approximately a quarter wavelength of the frequency band.

[0055] In various examples, the via 508A and the via 508B enable impedance matching and enables the resonator 504 to resonate in a fundamental resonant mode of the frequency band. The fundamental resonant mode is for a first frequency range of the multiple frequency ranges of the frequency band, for example. In other examples, the slot 509 enables the resonator 506 to resonate in higher order resonant modes of the frequency band. The higher order resonant modes are a second, a third, and a fourth frequency range of the multiple frequency ranges of the frequency band, for example.

[0056] In various examples, adjusting a location of the via 508A in relation to the edge including the via 508C, the edge including the via 508E, or a combination thereof, a location of the via 508B in relation to the edge including the via 508D, or a combination thereof, a location of the via 508A in relation to an edge including the via 508E, adjust the range of frequencies that cause the resonator 504 to resonate. In various examples, the resonator 506 resonates for frequencies of the frequency band associated with EM waves having wavelengths that are approximately a quarter wavelength of the frequency band. In some examples, adjusting a location of the cross slot 509 in relation to an edge including the via 508F, the edge including the via 508C, the edge including the via 508G, or a combination thereof, adjusts the range of frequencies that cause the resonator 506 to resonate. [0057] Referring now to FIG. 6, a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device 600 having antennas 610, 612 on a backside of a display panel 606 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 600 is the electronic device 100, 200, for example. An antenna 610 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, for example. An antenna 612 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, for example. The electronic device 600 includes a chassis 602, a bezel 604, the display panel 606, the antennas 610, 612, and ground foils 614, 616. The chassis 602 is the chassis 102, 202, for example. The chassis 602 includes a portion 608. The portion 608 is the portion 104, 204, for example. The bezel 604 is the bezel 106, 206, for example. The display panel 606 is the display panel 108, 208, for example. The ground foils 614, 616 are a metal material. The antenna 610 includes waveguides 618, 620. A waveguide 618 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. A waveguide 620 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The antenna 612 includes waveguides 622, 624. The waveguide 622 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 624 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. [0058] In various examples, the chassis 602, the bezel 604, the display panel 606, and the antennas 610, 612 are coupled similarly to the chassis 202, the bezel 206, the display panel 208, and the antennas 210, 212, as described above with respect to FIG. 2. The waveguide 618 is coupled to the waveguide 620 and a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). In some examples, as described below with respect to FIG. 7, the waveguide 618 includes multiple resonators (e.g., resonators 304, 306, 308, resonators 404, 406 resonators 504, 506). The multiple resonators of the waveguide 618 are coupled to the resonator of the waveguide 620. The waveguide 622 is coupled to the waveguide 624 and a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). In various examples, as described below with respect to FIG. 8, a resonator of the waveguide 622 is coupled to a resonator of the waveguide 624. In some examples, a ground foil 614 is coupled to a ground plane (not explicitly shown) of the antenna 610 and located on an inner side of the portion 608 of the chassis 602, as described above with respect to FIG. 1 . A ground foil 616 is coupled to a ground plane (not explicitly shown) of the antenna 612 and the inner side of the metal portion of the chassis 602, for example. [0059] In some examples, a dimension, shape, or a combination thereof, of the portion 608 is adjusted. For example, while the portion 608 is shown as rectangular in shape, in other examples, the portion 608 is circular, triangular, ellipsoid, trapezoidal, or another suitable shape. Adjusting the dimension, the shape, or the combination thereof, of the portion 608 enhances a performance of the antennas 610, 612.

[0060] In other examples, a gasket (not explicitly shown) is located along a border of the portion 608. The gasket is coupled to a bracket of the display panel 606 to form a cavity to house the antennas 610, 612. Locating the antennas 610, 612 within the cavity formed by the gasket coupled to the bracket isolates the antennas 610, 612 from nearby components of the electronic device 600, thereby decreasing EM interference.

[0061] Referring now to FIG. 7, a block diagram depicting an antenna 700 including waveguides 702, 710 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The antenna 700 is the antenna 610, 612, for example. A waveguide 702 is the waveguide 300, for example. The waveguide 702 includes resonators 704, 706, 708. A resonator 704 is the resonator 304, for example. A resonator 706 is the resonator 308, for example. A resonator 708 is the resonator 306, for example. A waveguide 710 is the waveguide 400, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 3, the resonator 704 resonates in a first frequency range of a first frequency band, the resonator 706 resonates in a second frequency range of the first frequency band, and the resonator 708 resonates in a third frequency range of the first frequency band. The first frequency band includes frequencies between 5.15 GHz and 7.125 GHz, for example. The waveguide 710 includes resonators 712, 714. A resonator 712 is the resonator 404, for example. A resonator 714 is the resonator 406, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 4, the resonator 712 resonates in a second frequency band and the resonator 714 resonates in the first frequency band. The second frequency band includes frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz, for example.

[0062] In various examples, the waveguide 702 is coupled to the waveguide 710 and a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). In some examples, the resonator 704 is coupled to the resonator 708, the resonator 712, the resonator 714, and the coaxial cable via a trace 716. The trace 716 is coupled to traces (e.g., the traces 305, 307 and the trace 407) of the waveguides 702, 710, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 3, the resonator 704 is coupled to the resonator 706 and the resonator 708 via a ground plane (not explicitly shown). As described above with respect to FIG. 4, the resonator 712 is coupled to the resonator 714 via a ground plane (not explicitly shown).

[0063] In some examples, the antenna 700 includes a first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band (e.g., the resonator 712) and a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 708). In various examples, the antenna 700 includes a third resonator coupled to the second resonator and the first resonator, the third resonator to resonate in the second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 704) and a fourth resonator coupled to the second and the third resonators, the fourth resonator to resonate in the second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 706). The first frequency band includes frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz, and the second frequency band includes frequencies between includes frequencies between 5.15 GHz and 7.125 GHz, for example. The first frequency band is a first range of frequencies of a specified bandwidth, and the second frequency band is a second range of frequencies of the specified bandwidth, as described above with respect to FIG. 1 , for example.

[0064] Referring now to FIG. 8, a block diagram depicting an antenna 800 having waveguides 802, 808, in accordance with various examples. A waveguide 802 is the waveguide 500, for example. The waveguide 802 includes resonators 804, 806. A resonator 804 is the resonator 504, for example. A resonator 806 is the resonator 506, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 5, the resonators 804, 806 resonate across multiple frequency ranges of a first frequency band. A waveguide 808 is the waveguide 400, for example. The waveguide 808 includes resonators 810, 812. A resonator 810 is the resonator 404, for example. A resonator 812 is the resonator 406, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 4, the resonator 810 resonates in a second frequency band and the resonator 812 resonates in the first frequency band. [0065] In various examples, the waveguide 802 is coupled to the waveguide 808 and a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). In some examples, the resonators 804, 806 are coupled to the resonators 810, 812 and the coaxial cable via a trace 814. The trace 814 is coupled to traces (e.g., the trace 507 and the trace 407) of the waveguides 802, 808, for example. As described above with respect to FIG. 5, the resonator 804 is coupled to the resonator 806 via a ground plane (not explicitly shown). As described above with respect to FIG. 4, the resonator 810 is coupled to the resonator 812 via a ground plane (not explicitly shown).

[0066] In some examples, the antenna 800 includes a first resonator to resonate in a first frequency band (e.g., the resonator 810) and a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator to resonate in a second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 804). In various examples, the antenna 800 includes a third resonator coupled to the second resonator and the first resonator, the third resonator to resonate in the second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 806) and a fourth resonator coupled to the second and the third resonators, the fourth resonator to resonate in the second frequency band (e.g., the resonator 812). The first frequency band includes frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz, and the second frequency band includes frequencies between 5.15 GHz and 7.125 GHz, for example. The first frequency band is a first range of frequencies of a specified bandwidth, and the second frequency band is a second range of frequencies of the specified bandwidth, as described above with respect to FIG. 1 , for example.

[0067] Referring again to FIG. 6, utilizing the antenna 700 as the antenna 610 and the antenna 800 as the antenna 612 enables the electronic device 600 to receive and transmit across a bandwidth that includes multiple frequency bands. By utilizing the antenna 700 as the antenna 610 and the antenna 800 as the antenna 612, heights of the antennas 610, 612 are reduced. The reduced heights enable the antennas 610, 612 to be located on a backside of the display panel 606 without increasing an overall height of the electronic device 600. Locating the antennas 610, 612 on the backside of the display panel 606 decreases EM interference from other components of the electronic device 600. Locating the antennas 610, 612 on the inner side of the portion 608 of the chassis 602 reduces EM interference. The decreased EM interference reduces an amount of shielding utilized within the electronic device 600. Additionally, an increased STBR is accommodated because the area of the bezel 604 does not increase to accommodate the antennas 610, 612.

[0068] In various examples, the antennas 610, 612 are coupled together, as described below with respect to FIGS. 9 - 12. In some examples, isolation elements, resonators, matching circuits, or a combination thereof, are located within a region of the portion 608 of the chassis 602, where the region does not include the antenna 610, 612, as described below with respect to FIGS. 9 - 12. In other examples, the antenna 610 is referred to as a first antenna, the antenna 612 is referred to as a second antenna, and the second antenna is to mirror, rotate, or a combination thereof, a position of the first antenna, as described below with respect to FIGS. 9 - 12.

[0069] Referring now to FIG. 9, a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device 900 having antennas 908, 910 on a backside of a display panel 904 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 900 is the electronic device 100, 200, 600, for example. An antenna 908 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 610, for example. An antenna 910 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 612, for example. The display panel 904 is the display panel 108, 208, 606, for example. The electronic device 900 includes a chassis 901 , a bezel 902, the display panel 904, the antennas 908, 910, and ground foils 912, 914. The chassis 901 is the chassis 102, 202, 602, for example. The bezel 902 is the bezel 106, 206, 604, for example. The antenna 908 includes a waveguide 916, 918. The waveguide 916 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 918 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The antenna 910 includes a waveguide 920, 922. The waveguide 920 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 922 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The ground foils 912, 914 are the ground foils 614, 616, respectively, for example.

[0070] In various examples, the chassis 901 , the bezel 902, the display panel 904, the antennas 908, 910, the waveguides 916, 918, 920, 922, and the ground foils 912, 914 are coupled similarly to the chassis 602, the bezel 604, the display panel 606, the antennas 610, 612, , the waveguides 618, 620, 622, 624, and the ground foils 614, 616, as described above with respect to FIG. 6. In some examples, the antenna 908 is coupled to the antenna 910 via a trace (not explicitly shown). For example, the trace is coupled to a trace that couples the waveguides 916, 918 of the antenna 908 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220) and to a trace that couples the waveguides 920, 922 of the antenna 910 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220), for example.

[0071] In some examples, the trace is located in a portion 906 of the chassis 901 that does not include the antennas 908, 910. In various examples, isolation circuitry (not explicitly shown), a fifth resonator, or a combination thereof, may couple to the trace. The isolation circuitry, the fifth resonator, or the combination thereof, may be disposed on an inner side of the portion 906 of the chassis 901 that does not include the antennas 908, 910. Including the isolation circuitry, the resonator, or the combination thereof, enhances performance of the antennas 908, 910.

[0072] Referring now to FIG. 10, a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device 1000 having antennas 1008, 1010 on a backside of a display panel 1004 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 1000 is the electronic device 100, 200, 600, 900, for example. An antenna 1008 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 610, 908, for example. An antenna 1010 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 612, 910, for example. The display panel 1004 is the display panel 108, 208, 606, 904, for example. The electronic device 1000 includes a chassis 1001 , a bezel 1002, the display panel 1004, the antennas 1008, 1010, and ground foils 1012, 1014. The chassis 1001 is the chassis 102, 202, 602, 901 , for example. The bezel 1002 is the bezel 106, 206, 604, 902, for example. The antenna 1008 includes a waveguide 1016, 1018. The waveguide 1016 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1018 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The antenna 1010 includes a waveguide 1020, 1022. The waveguide 1020 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1022 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The ground foils 1012, 1014 are the ground foils 614, 616, respectively, or the ground foils 912, 914, respectively, for example.

[0073] In various examples, the chassis 1001 , the bezel 1002, the display panel 1004, the antennas 1008, 1010, the waveguides 1016, 1018, 1020, 1022, and the ground foils 1012, 1014 are coupled similarly to the chassis 602, 901 , the bezel 604, 902, the display panel 606, 904, the antennas 610, 612 or the antennas 908, 910, the waveguides 618, 620, 622, 624 or the waveguides 916, 918, 920, 922, and the ground foils 614, 616 or the ground foils 912, 914, as described above with respect to FIGS. 6 or 9. In some examples, the antenna 1008 is coupled to the antenna 1010 via a trace (not explicitly shown). For example, the trace is coupled to a trace that couples the waveguides 1016, 1018 of the antenna 1008 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220) and to a trace that couples the waveguides 1020, 1022 of the antenna 1010 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220), for example.

[0074] In some examples, the trace is located in a portion 1006 of the chassis 1001 that does not include the antennas 1008, 1010. In various examples, isolation circuitry (not explicitly shown), a resonator, or a combination thereof, may couple to the trace. The isolation circuitry, the resonator, or the combination thereof, may be disposed on an inner side of the portion 1006 of the chassis 1001 that does not include the antennas 1008, 1010.

[0075] In various examples, the antenna 1010 is the antenna 910 that is rotated. Rotating the antenna 1010 enhances performance of the antenna 1010, for example.

[0076] Referring now to FIG. 11 , a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device 1100 having antennas 1108, 1110 on a backside of a display panel 1104 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 1100 is the electronic device 100, 200, 600, 900, 1000, for example. An antenna 1108 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 610, 908, 1008, for example. An antenna 1110 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 612, 910, 1010, for example. The display panel 1104 is the display panel 108, 208, 606, 904, 1004, for example. The electronic device 1100 includes a chassis 1101 , a bezel 1102, the display panel 1104, the antennas 1108, 1110, and ground foils 1112, 1114. The chassis 1101 is the chassis 102, 202, 602, 901 , 1001 , for example. The bezel 1102 is the bezel 106, 206, 604, 902, 1002, for example. The antenna 1108 includes a waveguide 1116, 1118. The waveguide 1116 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1118 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The antenna 1110 includes a waveguide 1120, 1122. The waveguide 1120 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1122 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The ground foils 1112, 1114 are the ground foils 614, 616, the ground foils 912, 914, or the ground foils 1012, 1014, for example.

[0077] In various examples, the chassis 1101 , the bezel 1102, the display panel 1104, the antennas 1108, 1110, the waveguides 1116, 1118, 1120, 1122, and the ground foils 1112, 1114 are coupled similarly to the chassis 602, 901 , 1001 , the bezel 604, 902, 1002, the display panel 606, 904, 1004, the antennas 610, 612, the antennas 908, 910, or the antennas 1008, 1010, the waveguides 618, 620, 622, 624, the waveguides 916, 918, 920, 922, or the waveguides 1016, 1018, 1020, 1022, and the ground foils 614, 616, the ground foils 912, 914, or the ground foils 1012, 1014, as described above with respect to FIGS. 6, 9, or 10.

[0078] In some examples, isolation circuitry (not explicitly shown), a resonator, or a combination thereof, may couple to a trace that couples resonators of the antenna 1108 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). The isolation circuitry, the resonator, or the combination thereof, may be disposed on an inner side of the portion 1106 of the chassis 1101 that does not include the antenna 1108. In other examples, isolation circuitry (not explicitly shown), a resonator, or a combination thereof, may couple to a trace that couples resonators of the antenna 1110 to a coaxial cable (e.g., the connector 112, 214, 220). The isolation circuitry, the resonator, or the combination thereof, may be disposed on an inner side of the portion 1106 of the chassis 1101 that does not include the antenna 1110.

[0079] In various examples, the antenna 1110 mirrors the antenna 1108. Mirroring the antenna 1108 enhances performance of the antenna 1110, for example.

[0080] Referring now to FIG. 12, a block diagram depicting a cross-section view of an electronic device 1200 having antennas 1208, 1210 on a backside of a display panel 1204 is provided, in accordance with various examples. The electronic device 1200 is the electronic device 100, 200, 600, 900, 1000, 1100, for example. An antenna 1208 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 610, 908, 1008, 1108, for example. An antenna 1210 is the antenna 110, 210, 212, 612, 910, 1010, 1110, for example. The display panel 1204 is the display panel 108, 208, 606, 904, 1004, 1104, for example. The electronic device 1200 includes a chassis 1201 , a bezel 1202, the display panel 1204, the antennas 1208, 1210, and ground foils 1212, 1214. The chassis 1201 is the chassis 102, 202, 602, 901 , 1001 , 1101 , for example. The bezel 1202 is the bezel 106, 206, 604, 902, 1002, 1102, for example. The antenna 1208 includes a waveguide 1216, 1218. The waveguide 1216 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1218 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The antenna 1210 includes a waveguide 1220, 1222. The waveguide 1220 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The waveguide 1222 is the waveguide 300, 400, 500, for example. The ground foils 1212, 1214 are the ground foils 614, 616, the ground foils 912, 914, the ground foils 1012, 1014, or the ground foils 1112, 1114, for example.

[0081] In various examples, the chassis 1201 , the bezel 1202, the display panel 1204, the antennas 1208, 1210, the waveguides 1216, 1218, 1220, 1222, and the ground foils 1212, 1214 are coupled similarly to the chassis 602, 901 , 1001 , 1101 , the bezel 604, 902, 1002, 1102, the display panel 606, 904, 1004, 1104, the antennas 610, 612, the antennas 908, 910, the antennas 1008, 1010, or the antennas 1108, 1110, the waveguides 618, 620, 622, 624, the waveguides 916, 918, 920, 922, the waveguides 1016, 1018, 1020, 1022, or the waveguides 1116, 1118, 1120, 1122, and the ground foils 614, 616, the ground foils 912, 914, the ground foils 1012, 1014, or the ground foils 1112, 1114, as described above with respect to FIGS. 6 or 9 - 11 .

[0082] In various examples, the antenna 1210 is a mirrored antenna 1208 that is rotated. Mirroring and rotating the antenna 1208 enhances performance of the antenna 1210, for example.

[0083] By utilizing isolation circuitry, resonators, or the combination thereof, the electronic device 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 increases performance of the antennas 908, 910, the antennas 1008, 1010, the antennas 1108, 1110, the antennas 1208, 1210 for the specified bandwidth. Mirroring, rotating, or a combination thereof, the antennas 908, 910, the antennas 1008, 1010, the antennas 1108, 1110, the antennas 1208, 1210 enhances the electronic device 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 communications with networks having the specified bandwidth. [0084] The above description is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various examples of the present description. Numerous variations and modifications become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above description is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

[0085] In the figures, certain features and components disclosed herein are shown in exaggerated scale or in somewhat schematic form, and some details of certain elements are not shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness. In some of the figures, in order to improve clarity and conciseness, a component or an aspect of a component are omitted.

[0086] In the above description and in the claims, the term “comprising” is used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to... .” Also, the term “couple” or “couples” is intended to be broad enough to encompass both direct and indirect connections. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device, that connection may be through a direct connection or through an indirect connection via other devices, components, and connections. Additionally, the word “or” is used in an inclusive manner. For example, “A or B” means any of the following: “A” alone, “B” alone, or both “A” and “B.”