Description Field of the invention

The present invention relates to the mechanical field. In more detail, the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engines. In even more detail, the present invention relates to a new type of internal combustion engines, which comprise a plurality of magnetic elements adapted to improve the performance levels of the engine in terms of reducing energy consumption and reducing harmful emissions.

State of the art

For many years it has been known that magnetizing fuel induces a beneficial effect on the performance levels of internal combustion engines. In more detail, it has been observed that, by magnetizing the fuel, energy consumption decreases and harmful emissions are reduced. In light of these experimental observations, in the last few decades devices have been developed which are specially designed to induce the magnetization of fuel in engines. However, given the diamagnetic behavior of most of the substances that make up the fuel, the effect of the magnetization induced by the magnets on the molecules present in it is relatively mild and furthermore it tends to degrade over time. For these reasons, several solutions which are currently proposed indicate that magnetization of the fuel must occur by immersing the magnets inside the tank in which it is contained so as to ensure that the phenomenon induced is as constant and long-lasting as possible during combustion. A recent and innovative solution that, by taking advantage of the phenomenon of magnetization induced by magnets, makes it possible to obtain high performance levels from the engine is disclosed in patent no. WO2012143804. The above mentioned document, of which the present invention is an evolution, relates to a method of treatment of the substances that are directly and indirectly involved in the combustion reactions of internal combustion engines, thanks to a set of devices comprising magnetic elements that, conveniently positioned on the fuel duct; inside an immersion container or containers present in the tank containing the fuel; and on the cooling duct and on the air feed duct, induce effects that, unexpectedly, optimize the reaction conditions during the combustion. All this is with the result of improving the performance of the engine overall in terms of reducing energy consumption, and reducing harmful emissions. In more detail, the substances and mixtures of substances that interact with the magnetic field generated are: fuel, air, and cooling water. As is known, these substances do not have the same properties when immersed in a magnetic field. Water and fuel are in fact diamagnetic substances for which induced magnetization has the opposite sense with respect to that of the applied magnetic field, with the result that said substances are weakly repelled by the field. Differently, paramagnetic substances, such as for example the molecular oxygen contained in air, when they are in the presence of a magnetic field, exhibit a magnetization with the same direction and sense as that associated with the external field. Paramagnetic materials have magnetic dipoles that align with the external field, and so are weakly attracted to them. The invention disclosed in the WO2012143804 document arose from studies carried out on combustion reactions, in internal combustion engines, in the presence of applied magnetic fields. More specifically, it discloses a system that optimizes the performance levels of these engines thanks to a set of magnetic devices which are specially positioned in specific points of the engine. In more detail said devices are:

1) At least one box-like immersion container, represented by a conventional container which is conveniently perforated with a plurality of openings adapted to facilitate the direct contact of the fuel with a plurality of magnetic elements positioned inside said immersion container. This latter item is furthermore stably fixed to the inside of the fuel tank with adapted welded brackets which render it stably coupled to the inside of the tank, taking account of the particular use of the engine, the size of the tank and its application on engines such as: aircraft engines, watercraft engines, or any other means of aerial or terrestrial locomotion, independently of whether it moves on rails, tires, or link tracks. The immersion container must preferably be arranged proximate to the exit duct of the fuel. Inside the immersion container or containers arranged in the tank containing the fuel, at least one solid container of any shape, preferably cylindrical, is accommodated and contains internally a plurality of magnetic elements represented by permanent magnets with a disk-like profile and which comprise some elements of the group of rare earth elements, such as samarium-cobalt-neodymium magnets. Interposed between said magnetic disk-like elements are ceramic spacers, which also have a disklike profile and are conveniently spaced apart in order to optimize the magnetic effect. Said solid containers, preferably cylindrical, are in turn stably anchored to the bottom of the immersion container in order to facilitate their contact with the fuel on which they are to have their magnetizing effect. The anchoring occurs by way of stable locking systems such as screws or brackets, so as to conveniently space said solid containers apart from each other by at least 3 cm, so as to contribute to optimizing the magnetic field generated. Each solid container, arranged inside the immersion container which in turn is arranged inside the tank as close as possible to the exit point of the duct to feed the engine and thus treating the maximum quantity of fuel, is made so as to favor as far as possible contact between the fuel contained in the tank and said magnetic elements. The materials with which the above mentioned containers are made are varied in nature, as long as they are insoluble when immersed in fuel. Their shape can also vary and their dimensions are obviously proportional to those of the engine on which they are to be applied. The indicative height of each cylindrical container and, consequently, of the immersion element vary, as a function of the supply flow rate and of the type of engine being subjected to the magnetization process, from a minimum height of 6 cm, ideal for the tanks of motorcycles, to well over 100 cm in height for inducing magnetization in the engines of ships; preferably the height of each cylindrical container is from 20 to 40 cm, and the optimal height is 30 cm. The density of the magnetic flux generated by the container, when fitted with the magnetic disks and with the ceramic spacers, is of the order of 1.17 teslas. The magnetic disks comprise rare earth elements, preferably neodymium.

) The second device is represented by a solid structure with a parallelepiped shape into which the fuel pipe originating from the tank in which the above mentioned immersion container is contained enters, following a series of folds and/or curves so as to create a coil and/or a winding of pipes so that a plurality of further magnets can be stably accommodated. The coil and/or the winding of the pipes makes it possible to contribute to making the magnetization that was previously induced in the fuel last longer. In fact, the fuel that flows within the duct that makes up the coil, by passing proximate to the magnets present thereupon, is magnetized by said magnets which are made of ferrite and/or with rare earth elements such as those made of neodymium and/or of samarium- cobalt.

) The third device is represented by a set of pairs of magnets which are positioned proximate to the mechanical fuel supply pump and/or proximate to the point of injection of the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. Furthermore, these pairs of magnets can be covered by a plurality of neodymium washers which are adapted to further increase the magnetic field applied. These magnets furthermore have a curved profile, and therefore have convexities and concavities to ensure that their adaptation to the surfaces of the components on which they are installed is optimal.

) The fourth device is represented by a further set of magnets, on which neodymium washers are optionally applied, and which are arranged radially on the air suction pipe by a retaining band. The temperature that said magnets must withstand is at least 110°C.) The fifth device is represented by a plurality of magnets installed on the cooling duct connected to the radiator of the internal combustion engine and which magnetize the water and/or the cooling liquid. For these substances, i.e. the water and the cooling liquid, the magnetization will have an opposite sense to that of the external magnetic field, similarly to what occurs for the fuel, since they too are diamagnetic. 6) The sixth device is also represented by a set of magnets which are, however, arranged around the fuel filter connected to the internal combustion engine. In this case too, the profile of the magnets is such that the adaptation of said magnets on the surface of the component on which they are installed is optimal.

The system that comprises the above mentioned devices is installable on any internal combustion engine independently of whether it runs on Diesel fuel, gasoline, LPG, methane, kerosene or any other fuel.

The invention disclosed in the WO2012143804 document relates therefore to an efficient system of magnets that markedly optimizes the performance levels of the engine. The aim of the present patent application for an industrial invention, which is described in detail below, is to add further components to the internal combustion engine disclosed in the WO2012143804 document which, owing to their chemical-physical properties and their specific positioning in the engine, provide a marked increase in the technical effect obtained with the invention in the above mentioned patent. All this is made possible while also considerably improving the performance levels of any internal combustion engine. In particular, the internal combustion engine in the present invention comprises components that intensify the magnetization of the fuel, and components that reduce the dispersion of any metal residues emitted by the exhaust pipe of the vehicle on which the engine in question is installed.

Description of the invention

The present description relates to a new type of internal combustion engines which are provided with components adapted to improve the performance levels of the engine in terms of reducing energy consumption and reducing harmful emissions. In particular, the internal combustion engine in question comprises, basically, the magnetic components described in the WO2012143804 document, and it is characterized in that it comprises magnetic components which are adapted to enhance, specifically, the magnetization of the fuel, and components which are adapted to prevent the dispersion in the environment of any harmful emissions exiting from the exhaust pipe of the vehicle on which said engine is installed. In more detail, the elements that characterize the internal combustion engine in the present description are represented by at least one component which comprises elements with paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic properties which is accommodated inside the tank containing the fuel, at least one component which comprises elements with paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic properties which is accommodated inside the fuel duct, and at least one magnet which is accommodated proximate to the end of the exhaust pipe.

More specifically, in all its embodiments the internal combustion engine in question comprises the magnetizing elements described in the above mentioned prior art document, and is characterized in that it has at least one paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component which is stably fixed on at least one of the internal walls of the fuel tank. Said paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component is represented by a metal sheet and/or by a three- dimensional structure, preferably polyhedral, in which elements are present which have the above mentioned magnetic properties; at least one magnet accommodated proximate to the exit end of the exhaust pipe; and at least one component with paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic properties, which is represented by a three-dimensional structure of various geometric shape and arranged inside the fuel duct. In more detail, the components with paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic properties, preferably ferromagnetic, which are present inside the tank and/or inside the fuel duct are adapted to intensify the magnetic field generated by the magnets that generate the magnetic field applied, and in particular they are adapted to intensify the magnetic field produced by all the samarium-cobalt-neodymium magnets which are present inside the box-like immersion container described in the WO2012143804 document and which are adapted to induce the magnetization of the fuel. The magnet arranged on the exhaust pipe of the engine is on the other hand adapted to retain any emissions represented by metal dust. Said dust, if present, are attracted by said magnet and thus are not dispersed in the air and can be removed mechanically as required. Brief description of the drawings

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the tank 1 of the internal combustion engine in the present patent application for an industrial invention. In more detail, this figure shows the presence of the paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 fixed to the internal walls 10 of the tank 1 adapted to contain the fuel. In the embodiment shown in the figure in question, the paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 is represented by a metal sheet with a flat and uniform surface.

FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the tank 1 of the internal combustion engine in another embodiment of the invention, in which the paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 is represented by a metal sheet with a net-like structure.

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the present invention, in which the paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 is represented by a structure with polyhedral profile. In the figure in question, said paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 is pyramid- shaped.

FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the duct 2, adapted to convey the fuel, in the internal combustion engine in question. In particular, the figure in question shows that inside said duct 2 there are a plurality of ball-like and disk-like paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic components 4, which are conveniently fixed to the inside of the duct 2. Preferably the fixing occurs by way of welding.

FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of the magnet 5 to be placed on the exhaust pipe 6 of the internal combustion engine in question. In more detail, the figure in question shows a particular embodiment of the invention in which said magnet 5 is shaped to form a ferrule and is provided with its external surface threaded. Said magnet 5 is to be screwed into the exhaust pipe 6 and, in particular, to couple with the threading present on the internal surface of the end 6' of said exhaust pipe.

FIGURE 6 is a front elevation view [Fig. 6(a)] and a perspective view [Fig. 6(b)] of a further embodiment of the invention, in which the magnet 5 is to be connected to the exhaust pipe 6 by way of interlocking. In more detail, the figures in question show that the magnet 5 has the grooved edge 5' in which the groove 5" is such as to be stably adapted to the thickness of the end 6' of the exhaust pipe 6 by way of interlocking. Description of the preferred embodiments

In all its embodiments, the internal combustion engine in the present patent application for an industrial invention comprises a plurality of magnets which are adapted to magnetize the substances that directly and indirectly take part in the combustion reaction. More specifically, said magnets are localized: inside the tank 1 adapted to contain the fuel, on the fuel duct 2, on the air duct; on the engine cooling liquid duct; on the fuel filter. Even more specifically, said magnets are described in more detail in the WO2012143804 document. The internal combustion engine in question is characterized in that it comprises, in addition to the above mentioned magnets, at least one paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 present inside the fuel tank 1; and/or at least one paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 4 present inside the fuel duct 2; and at least one magnet 5 present on the exhaust pipe 6 of the engine in question. More specifically, the paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 3 is represented, in the various embodiments of the invention, by a metal sheet with a flat and uniform surface which is fixed on at least one portion of at least one internal wall 10 of the fuel tank 1, or by a sheet with a net- like structure, or by a three-dimensional structure with polyhedral profile, preferably prismatic or pyramid-shaped. The paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic component 4 present inside the fuel duct 2 on the other hand is represented by at least one structure with a profile defined by any closed curve or polygonal shape; preferably the component 4 is ball-like or disk-like, conveniently fixed to the inside of the duct 2. Preferably the fixing occurs by way of welding. The magnet 5 on the other hand is represented by a ferrule to be fixed stably and removably on the end 6' of the exhaust pipe 6. The fixing occurs by screwing or interlocking. If the fixing occurs by screwing, it will be necessary for both the external surface of the ferrule-like magnet 5 and the internal surface of the end 6' to be threaded. Alternatively, if the fixing occurs by interlocking, the ferrule-shaped magnet 5 will have a grooved edge 5', in which the groove 5" is such as to be adapted to the thickness of the end 6' of the exhaust pipe 6. The term magnet, in the present patent application for an industrial invention, means any permanent magnet that can be sourced on the market or any electromagnet with fixed or variable actuation, i.e. programmed with variable frequencies, optionally associated with a magnet and/or with a conventional device for emitting infrared rays, which also has a fixed or variable actuation. The term fuel duct, in the present patent application for an industrial invention, means the possibility of making the fuel itself flow through multiple passages of the same fuel duct, in order to be able to amplify the effects on it. Said passes are achieved by way of any fixed or mobile and/or electronic redirecting device.

The term air duct, in the present patent application for an industrial invention, means the possibility of making the air flow through multiple passages of the same treated air duct, in order to be able to amplify the effects on it, by way of any fixed or mobile and/or electronic redirecting device.

The term cooling liquid duct, in the present patent application for an industrial invention, means the possibility of making the cooling liquid flow through multiple passages of the same cooling liquid duct, in order to be able to amplify the effects on it, by way of any fixed or mobile and/or electronic redirecting device.