The buildings subdued to the seismic actions must provide the protection of the people who live and spread their activities into them. But paradoxically, the lives of those people who are caught unguarded by major earthquakes into that buildings are threatened by the buildings themselves, by their component parts, in case they are caving in or they are serious damaged.

The reasons because the buildings do not resist to the earthquakes are multiple and they generally belong to their structured design to the seismic actions, to the way they are performed and also to the earthquakes'magnitude in fact which sometimes can exceed the magnitude of the dimensioning earthquake and to their cyclic repetition. Thus, if a building resisted well to one or two earthquakes of high magnitude, it is very possible that it will not resist to the next one because of their ductile elements that suffer reciprocal deformations and changes of place to every major seismic movement. The buildings'demolition becomes necessary after a cycle of major earthquakes supported by them or their consolidation, solutions that suppose big financial efforts and a very long time of immobilization.

The human lives losses due directly to the received striking on one side, and on the other side as if a person survive to these striking, the human lives losses occur because that person can not survive a long time without water, food, warmth, etc. and the rescue operations usually last long time.

The technical problem solved by this invention consists of the achievement of an anti- seismic shelter of small dimensions that can be mounted and is remaining permanently into the precincts lived by people, which can resist and protect its occupants in case of that building caves in and which can ensure in the same time the conditions of survival, communication with the exterior and quick rescue from the wreckage.

It is well known in the previous stage of techniques an anti-seismic cell for protection and survival, with parallelipipedical shape-Fr 273 10 34-that can be integrated into the buildings.

The drawbacks of this solution consist of the fact that the cell occupies large spaces, it could not be integrated into the small spaces of a block of flats and it could not be dissembled as a furniture piece either. Also, because of its parallelipipedical shape, it will take over a bigger part of the compression effort exerted against it by the superior parts of the building and even some of the resultants of the equivalent seismic forces. The dimensioning should be done to very big forces, and in this case, its clearance diagram should be very high too.

Also, because of its parallelipipedical shape, the cell could not be quickly extracted from the wreckage before they are cleared up.

The anti-seismic apparatus, according to this invention, removes the drawbacks mentioned above because it is constituted from a rescue cabin built up by a reinforcing frame resisting enough to the shocks and hits of the building component parts, covered by reinforcement plate or corrugated iron and internally upholstered with plastic material and plastic foam fireproofness and heat-resisting quality with high degree of softness that does not produce harm to the body zones which come in contact with the apparatus having two compartments to lodge two persons sitting on two chairs placed back to back, one for every compartment, with side head support of backrest, with headrest and side head support, every one being equipped with full safety harness, a crash helmet and a damper springs for the vertical shocks damping, the chairs being able to slip over some column ways placed by the separator plan between the compartments, the access into the cabin being done by two doors contradiction opening both of them to outside, with vertical rotation axles, the doors being directly coupled with the two central inferior doors of the furniture part by a lever device, and opening together with them on their command, having a locking mechanism which can be driven from inside or outside the cabin, protected from hitting by some linear recess, the doors having framework structures, sustained and held against moving inside by some subframe into the side walls of the cabin and under the chairs spaces being provided some deposit spaces covered with some protecting covers caught in screws, where the apparatus, the installations, the materials, the food and the water needed for survival can be stored up, at the upper side of the cabin there are four circular windows for ventilation, each of them endowed with a screen filter for dust, windows being protected to striking and against obtrusion by some linear shim with high endurance, mounted normally at the exterior surface of the cabin on some main plates, the cabin being equipped on the underside with four dampers with impact springs and each lateral edge of the frames having welded a carbide-tipped tool for the dislocation of the ferro-concrete blocks and kinetic energy dissipation, the vertical cabin standing, as long as the chamber where the cabin is been placed are keeping their integrity, being realized by a supporting system which also protects the cabin from shocks and can quickly set it free when it will be necessary, the whole ensemble being camouflaged by a furniture piece, the cabin might be given out from wreckage by means of a towing device.

As the compression forces that may action on the rescue apparatus in case the building caves in can be very strong and they can not be determined exactly, it was chosen this solution that a limit compression force it will produce the ferro-concrete blocks giving up. Over this limit the rescue cabin will not receive the kinetic energy of the building's elements and this energy will be dissipated.

In principle, two pieces taking contact one with the other by pressure are submitted to contact tensions.

Due to the constructive shape of the rescue apparatus, in case of the building's caving in, the plane surfaces of the ferro-concrete elements will take contact with the steel vertexes of the steel tension rods from the supporting system in a previous stage, and with the steel blades of carbide tipped tool mounted on the lateral edges of the steel frames in a next stage.

The stress distribution in the contact area depends on the hardness of the rigid bodies that are taking contact. The mean values are calculated: #p=Fn/A respectively #p=Fn/Apr, where Fn is the normal force and Apr is the normal projected contact area on the force direction.

The pressure depends mostly on the loading case that can be static load, floating load, pulsating load, etc.

The softer piece will give up first in case the ferro-concrete elements that have the ultimate compression strength tens of times lower than the long time creep limit of the steel with high endurance.

It results introducing into the formula: #rc=Fn/Apr respectively Fn limit=#rcxApr, where #rc is the ultimate compression strength of the ferro-concrete element.

It results that the normal force submitted by the rescue cabin will be: F n c F n limit When this limit is reached, the ferro-concrete elements will be penetrated and their cracking and shearing will be produced.

As if the ferro-concrete is a frangible material and the stress is dynamic, the cracking and the shearing will take place to an effort (T even lower going to: CT rc/3 rcnec rc It is considered that: - the width of the contact area bw between the ferro-concrete blocks and the cabin is equal to the total thickness of the blade as if it is sharpened, that is bw =5 mm ; - the length of the contact area 1 = 500 mm ; - #rc# 35 N / mm2; - we leave aside the fact that the steel tension rods will be first to break up the ferro-concrete element and we consider that this element strikes directly the cabin, then: Fn limit # 35 x 5 x 500 # 87.500 N. It results that: Fn limit # 87,5 KN.

This maximum normal force will be taken over by the rescue cabin and it is almost 100 times lower than the load that should be taken over by a resistance wall in case of a seism.

The apparatus, according to this invention, has the following advantages : - it provides an efficient and permanent protection, as well as the further rescue conditions for the persons who are caught into the buildings that are going to be seriously damaged or destroyed by a major earthquake; - the apparatus is free from the structural system of the building, it does not absorb the huge efforts induced to the building, from the equivalent seismic forces like : the tangential forces, the overturning moments and the torsion moments, resulting from these that the dimensioning will take place at smaller requirements on one hand, and it does not introduce new disequilibrium between the mass point and the rigidity centers of the buildings on the other hand; - the shocks damping by means of the dampers; - the maximum compression force submitted limitation to a value that can be tolerated by the cabin by penetrating and breaking up the ferro-concrete blocks motion; - due to its constructive shape the rescue cabin can be quickly extracted from wreckage by means of a towing cable without being necessary to clear up the whole quantity of wreckage above it; - lower cost prices than those necessary for consolidation or construction of some building with high rigidity; - centralized execution and easy assembly in a very short time, respectively a few hours, without harming the environment from the room ; - the earth tremor does not cause the building'deterioration, since the apparatus and the floors oscillates together.

It is given below an example of invention's achievement in connection with figures 1... 4 that represent: - fig. 1-a general view in a vertical plan of the anti-seismic rescue apparatus; - fig. 2-a general view in a horizontal plan of the anti-seismic rescue apparatus; - fig. 3-the reinforcing frame of the rescue cabin and the depositing compartments; - fig. 4-the electric installation-the basic scheme.

According to this invention, the anti-seismic rescue apparatus, as a first example of invention's achievement, is made up by a rescue cabin 1 with two compartments a and b able to shelter two persons. The cabin 1 is built up from a reinforcing frame R covered by reinforcement plate or corrugated iron 2. At the interior side, the cabin has upholstered walls C with a view to impact protection of the occupants and thermo-isolation of the cabin achieved by plastic fire- resisting material, and plastic foam, the barrier-layer thickness being higher on the head, shoulders and knees'zone. In every compartment a or b of the cabin 1 it is placed a chair 3 with backrest with side head support, with headrest 4 and side head support 5, each of them being endowed with full safety harness 6 and crash helmet 7.

For shocks damping, the chairs 3 are equipped at the underside with damper springs 8, the oscillations being done vertically along some column ways 9 placed on the separation plan between the two compartments a and b.

The persons'access into the cabin 1 is done by two doors 10 and 11 with contradiction opening, with vertical rotation'axles, solidarily with the two central inferior doors 12 and 13 of the furniture'piece M, by some lever device 14 and 15, opening together with them on their command. Each door 10 and 11 of the cabin has a locking mechanism 16 that can be driven from inside or outside the cabin and protected against hitting by a linear recess 17. The cabin's doors 10 and 11 have framework structures and they rely on some subframes 18 solidarily with the cabin 1, against moving inside as a result of the outside hitting.

Into the side walls of the cabin 1 and in the spaces under the chairs 3, there are some deposit compartments c, d, e and f provided with some protecting covers 19,20, 21 and 22 fixed by screws, where the apparatus, the installations, the devices, the materials, the food and water needed for survival can be stored up and fixed against moving away.

At the upper part of the cabin 1, there are four circular windows 23 endowed with screen filters for dust 24, being protected to striking and against obtrusion by some linear shim with high endurance 25 mounted normally at the exterior surface of the cabin 1 on some main plates 26.

The reinforcing frame R is a metallic construction of frame works spatial coupled in a triangle shape. The cabin's 1 appearance is made by the four steel frames 27 with ring-shaped section placed such as in horizontal section they are occupying a rhombus'angles, generating a body, the rescue cabin's body, which has from the base to the top the shape of prism, frustum of pyramid, pyramid. Every frame 27 is made up by three sections welded under some angles for shaping the cabin 1. Every compartment of the cabin 1 has a triangle section realized by joining together the frame 27 with the steel trellis with ring-shaped section 31 and the gusset plates 32, welding on the side faces of the cabin 1 and on the vertical plan which contains the small diagonal of the rhombus base (0-Y) which becomes in this way the separation plan between the two compartments a and b.

For safety, the space between the separation plan's trellis must allow a person's passing from one cabin's 1 compartment to another.

For shocks damping and dissipation of kinetic energy of the building's elements that are hitting the cabin 1, every frame 27 is endowed on the underside with a damper 28 with impact springs its dashpot pistons 29 relying on inferior floor by some circular supporting bracket 30.

Also for dissipation of kinetic energy, each of the lateral edges of the frames 27 is endowed with a carbide tipped tool 33 for the dislocation of the ferro-concrete blocks with a certain speed which have contact with the cabin 1 and for dissipation of the kinetic energy in this way The cabin 1 stands in vertical position because of the supporting system S that is formed by four supporting pillars 34 with ring-shaped section, vertically placed by twos, by one side to another of the cabin 1. The pillars 34 forming a couple might have a plan-parallel movement, following the oscillation of the floors during the seism in this way. This movement is possible by coupling the pillars 34'pairs with junction plates 35 that can rotate around some clevis bolts 36 fixed on the pillar's 34 and free in the junction plates'35 bore hole, ensured against detachment by the crown nuts 37 and the splints 38. At the underside, the pillars 34 have some flanges 39 fixed to floor by some concrete anchor bolts 40, the contact between the flanges 39 and the floor being done with some rubber buffers plates 41 for shocks damping. The contact with the superior floor is maintained by means of some slip-on flanges 42 inside those the free ends of the steel tension rods 43 are slipping over, the single coiled springs 44, the flanges 45 and the damping rings 46, solidary with the steel tension rods. The slip-on flanges 42 are ensured against detachment by means of some preventers 47 that are slipping over the milled recesses 48. When the single coiled spring 44 is compressed to the maximum and the slip-on flange 42 is stopped by the flange 45 and the damping ring 46, the free end of the steel tension rod 43 made from hard material and having a conical shape will outrun with a few centimeters the superior level of the slip-on flange 42 resulting the crack of the superior floor. This situation can be met in case of the superior floor'crumbling over the rescue apparatus. It is produced a decreasing of the superior floor's kinetic energy because of the dampingsr of theldamping rings 44, on one side, and the cracks done by the conical vertexes of the steel tension rods 43 protecting the rescue cabin 1 in this way, on the other side. The steel tension rod'height 43 can be regulated by screwing on the screw nuts 49 with variable height. The screwing is made on the adjustment holes 50, driving them with help of a lever.

The vertical cabin's 1 standing by the pillars 34 is done by the elastic arms 51 and 52 formed by the sliding bars 53 which support at the load side by the turning joint 54, the steering pad 55 endowed on the interior side with two cover plate made from antifriction material 56 that are permanently maintaining the elastic contact with the cabin 1. The sliding bars 53 slide inside the two bore holes of the bracket support 57 equipped with oilite bushing 58. The elastic contact is ensured by the single coil springs 59 that lean on the spring hanger 60 solidarily with the sliding bars 53 at one's end, and on the other end lean on the bracket support 57 such as the cabin 1's oscillations are taken over the single coil springs 59. The sliding bars'53 free ends are thread cuttings equipped with crown nuts 61 and splints 62.

The supporting system S of the cabin 1 will oscillate together with the reinforced- concrete floors at the seismic motions and will maintain the cabin 1 in vertical position protecting the room on the contact zones at earth tremor. If it is necessary the supporting system S can set free easily the rescue cabin 1.

When the seismic motion becomes very strong leading to the destruction of the vertical structural elements of the building, normally, the superior reinforced-concrete floor, because of the gravitational forces, will react on the supporting system S producing a damping and a perforation of the superior reinforcement concrete floor by the steel tension rod 43, decreasing the kinetic energy of the first vertical hitting and protecting the rescue cabin 1 in this way.

In case that the building would cave in and the cabin 1 would be caught under the wreckage, there is provided a towing device D formed by a wire cable 63 with the section large enough to support the tensile stress for quarry out the cabin from the wreckage.

The wire cable 63 is fixed on the rescue cabin 1 by means of the draw hook 64, with protection against cable detachment 65, the draw hook 64 being fixed on the superior side of the cabin 1 on the plates 69 and 70 by the screw nut 66, spring washers 67 and the axle collar 68.

The free end of the cable 63 is caught outside the room through a hole made on the exterior wall of the room-the front wall, in the upper corner of the room, going vertically on the front of the building and being fixed above in the highest point of the building that it is supposed to remain over ground after the wall caving The cable 63 is marked from meter to meter all along, starting from the top of the cabin 1. If it would be necessary, by stretching, the cable 63's end remained over ground the marking will indicate the distance where the cabin 1 is immobilized under the wreckage.

On the superior end of the cable 63 fixed above the building, it will be attached an designation card-not figured-that will have marked on it: the owner's name, the flat's number, the floor, the relative position of the cabin 1 to the front of the building, the phone call number from the cabin, etc. The wire cable 63's routes will be masked inside and outside the room.

In case the building is caving in and the rescue cabin 1 is caught under the wreckage, it is equipped with means of survival, means of communication with the exterior and means of disengagement which are fixed in the compartments c, d, e, and f.

For air current insurance, if the windows 23 do not cope with, the cabin 1 is provided with a low pressure compressor with diaphragm 71, driven by a single-phase commutator motor MI at 12v, that absorbs the air from outside through a wire wrapped rubber hose 72, and delivering it under pressure inside the cabin 1 where the hose 72 end is fixed by means of the reducing sleeve 73. The hose 72 follows the wire cable 63's route till one point and it is fixed on the front of the building having at the loading end a dust catcher 74 protected by a filter container 75 against deformations and pluvial waters. The motor MI is supplied by a non- spillable accumulator 76 of 12v and it is commanded by a starting change-over K3. The accumulator 76 can be charged on the 220v earth outlet 77 placed outside the cabin 1 with an optimized charging rectifier 78.

In the cabin 1, there are two electric light lamps B1 and B2 at 12v placed on the ceiling of every compartment commanded by two switches Kl and K2.

In the 12 v electric circuit there are two more convenience outlet: P1 inside the cabin 1 for charging the mobile phone 79 and the radio receiver 80 that is provided also with its own batteries, and P2 mounted laterally outside on the furniture'part M wall that can be energized some appliances use at 12v for optimizing the execution cycle of the accumulators 76.

The rescue cabin 1 is equipped with one or two battery lamps 81, two mine breathing masks 82 which can be used in critical moments, first-aid kit 83, fire extinguisher 84, hydraulic jack of high power 85, shovel 86, accessory kit 87, structural tongs 88 for disengaging the cabin 1 out of the ruins by own means.

Into the compartment f there are placed: a metallic case 89 where it may be kept value deeds, estate documents, money, jewelry, but also instructions for acting in critical situations, the Bible, etc.

For subsisting a period of time into specific situations of captivity, into the rescue cabin 1 you can also find : preserved food and bottled water 90, blankets 91, to resist against hypothermia, substances for neutralization and hygiene 92, toilet paper 93 and the boxes 94 for elimination of human defecations and mictions, the boxes being made ot-plastic, havmg a cylindrical shape, with threading lid, made by dimensional levels such as they can be introduced one into another and all together into only one box, the biggest one.

The whole apparatus, installations, devices and materials will be protected against shocks and well fixed in the same time into their compartments for not detaching on shocks and not producing harm to the persons from the rescue cabin 1.

The whole system is camouflaged into a piece of furniture M that has the shape of a wardrobe with four superior doors and four inferior doors, made by solid wood or imitation wood in the same stylistic line with the existent furniture of the house. The inferior central doors 12 and 13 are opening together with the two rescue cabin 1's doors 10 and 11. Into the sidewalls of the furniture piece are made the oblong holes g and h, to permit the elastic arms 51 and 52 to oscillate.

The furniture piece fixing on the superior and inferior floor is done by means of some wood support frames 95 and 96 with fixing bolts 97 and 98 and have applied on outside the wood cornices 99 and 100. The furniture piece M has a low mechanic resistance and it is going to be destroyed in the same time with the precinct.

On a side wall of the furniture piece M will be posted a table for schedule the water and food's reserves replacement, the checking of the accumulator's normal state, the extinguisher, the mobile phone, etc.

The anti-seismic apparatus is placed into dwelling, social-cultural-office buildings, into easy accessible places, where it will remain permanently.

When the seism opening moment will start or the pager will warn about its imminent starting, if this possibility exists, the persons from the room will run up into the rescue cabin.

The operations take place in the following order: the doors 12 and 13 are opened together with 10 and 11, and the persons enter the rescue cabin 1, sit down on the chairs 3, the cabin's doors 10 and 11 are shut down and locked, the full safety harness 6 and the crash helmets 7 are put on, the light lamps B1 and B2 are turned on and the later development is waited for, the persons leaning by some handles placed on the cabin 1's walls-not figured.

If the seism was not so catastrophic, at the end the persons could leave the rescue cabin 1.

In the undesirable case of building's crumbling, the anti-seismic rescue apparatus main role is to protect its occupiers from shocks and hitting as in disaster's end they must be safe and alive.

From this moment on, their rescue, using a good communication and coordination with the exterior may be only a question of time and it can be done if the cabin 1 is quarry out from the ruins by means of a power-driven winch or other power-propelled vehicles, using the wire cable 63, or by the rescue teams'getting in till the place where the cabin 1 is immobilized, or directly saving the respective persons by means of the disengagement means when the cabin I is nearly to the surface.

Meanwhile, the cabin 1's occupiers can feed themselves, using the first aid kit they can give the first aid to each other, they can listen to the radio news, they can communicate with the exterior, read, rest and protect themselves from cold, they can satisfy their own physiological necessities.