Field of invention

The present invention relates to monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to human IL-1 R7. The invention also relates to uses of said antibodies and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Background

IL-1 R7 is a coreceptor for IL-18 signaling, which is also known as IL-18 receptor β- chain. IL-18 is classified as one of the members of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, which acts as an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses (Garcia et al., 2003; Dinarello et al., 2013). It plays effector and regulatory roles in a variety of early inflammatory responses and is known to be expressed at the sites of chronic inflammation, in autoimmune diseases, in a variety of cancers, and in the context of numerous infectious diseases (Lebel-Binay et al., 2000; Diakowska et al., 2006; Kinjo et al., 2002; Fabbi et al., 2015).

The IL-18 family of cytokines are synthesized as precursor molecules and cleaved by the enzyme caspase-1 before or during release from the cell. After release from the cell, signaling transduction of IL-18 occurs through receptor-binding. One of its main receptors is IL-1 R5, also known as IL-18 receptor a-chain. More specifically, a receptor complex consisting of IL-1 R5 and IL-1 R7 is known to transduce IL-18 signaling (Debets et al., 2000).

Upon ligand binding, the pro-inflammatory IL-18 signaling cascade continues, leading to activation and transcription of numerous target genes which affect the activation of diverse cell types such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, B and T cells, fibroblasts and many other cell types. The IL-1 and IL-18 family of cytokines have many parallels, for example the structure of their receptors and the signal transduction pathways utilized. For example, IL-1 R5 serves the same function for the IL-18 pathway as IL-1 R3 does for the IL-1 family signaling pathways.

Most IL-1 family members signaling occurs through heterodimeric plasma membrane receptors, and most of them utilize a common signaling chain (IL-1 R3) (Riva et al., 2012). Blocking of IL-1 R3 leads to problematic results, since IL-1 R3 is a receptor for several interleukins and therefore fulfills various functions (proinflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory signaling cascades). Similar to IL-1 R3, it is extremely difficult to find antibodies that effectively inhibit the signaling pathway by blocking human IL-1 R7. This is demonstrated by the fact that no such effective antibodies are disclosed in the literature.

There are many antibodies described that inhibit the effects of IL-18 through direct binding to IL-18 (US 2014/01 12915; US 2014/0004128; US 2013/ 0101595). Nevertheless, previous experience with direct inhibition of IL-18 produced conflicting results. Therefore, other methods for inhibiting the IL-18 signaling pathway were required, for example by blocking its receptor IL-1 R5. For this purpose, several antibodies are known (WO 2007/096396).

However, IL-1 R5 can act as a receptor not only for IL-18 but also for the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-37. Binding of IL-18 to IL-1 R5 leads to pro-inflammatory actions, while binding of IL-37 to IL-1 R5 leads to anti-inflammatory actions (Mologora et. al., 2016). Thus, the blocking of the IL-1 R5 receptor can be counterproductive in the treatment of patients with an anti-IL-18 modality as it may interfere with other mechanisms that could be beneficial to such patients. The inhibition of IL-1 R7 remains therefore the only selective anti-inflammatory intervention.

Moreover, even though IL-1 R5 is a functional component of the IL-18 receptor, its binding affinity for IL-18 is relatively low and in addition, IL-1 R7 is required for high affinity binding of IL-18. Until now, the known antibodies that block IL-1 R5 and IL- 1 R7 with the aim of inhibiting IL-18 mediated signaling, do not act with a potency that would allow their use as therapeutic antibodies.

Expression of IL-1 R7 was demonstrated in Th1 cells, elucidating the role of IL-1 R7 in Th1 -mediated pathologies (Debets el al., 2000). Debets et al. developed an anti- IL-1 R7 mouse antibody (anti-IL-1 R7 mAb: TC30-28E3, anti-IL18 mAb: C18.6)., which effectively inhibited IL-18 responses in vitro, demonstrating a critical role of IL-1 R7 in IL-18 action. However, the antibody developed by Debets and colleagues is a rat-anti-mouse antibody and was only tested in vitro. The development of a potent antibody with high specificity against human IL-1 R7 has proved to be difficult and was not achieved up till now.

Therefore, there is a need for effective antibodies against the human IL-1 R7. This need is solved with the antibodies of the present invention.

Summary of invention

A first aspect of the present invention provides monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to human IL-1 R7, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof or a polypeptide that contains at least a portion of said antibody that is sufficient to confer IL-1 R7 binding specificity. The invention also relates to compositions comprising said antibodies and methods of treating an IL-18 mediated disease.

Definitions

The term "rabbit" according to the invention means an animal of the members of the taxonomic order Lagomorpha, which includes the families (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas), preferably of genus Oryctolagus. The term "antibody" encompasses the various forms of antibody structures including, but not being limited to, whole antibodies and antibody fragments as long as it shows the properties according to the invention.

The term "rabbit monoclonal antibody "according to the invention means a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a rabbit and isolated from an antibody producing cell of said rabbit as well as such an antibody which is further modified, preferably a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, a fragment thereof, or a further genetically engineered and recombinant produced antibody as long as the characteristic properties according to the invention are retained. Preferably the antibody is from a B cell or a rabbit hybridoma cell of said rabbit.

The term "antibody producing cell" according to the invention means a rabbit B cell which produce antibodies, preferably a B cell or rabbit hybridoma cell.

"Native antibodies" are usually heterotetrameric glycoproteins composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. Each light chain is linked to a heavy chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the number of disulfide linkages varies among the heavy chains of different immunoglobulin isotypes. Each heavy and light chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges. Each heavy chain has at one end a variable domain (VH) followed by a number of constant domains. Each light chain has a variable domain at one end (VL) and a constant domain at its other end. The constant domain of the light chain is aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain, and the light- chain variable domain is aligned with the variable domain of the heavy chain. Particular amino acid residues are believed to form an interface between the light chain and heavy chain variable domains.

"Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity" with respect to a peptide or polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the specific peptide or polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software.

The "constant domains (constant parts)" are not involved directly in binding of an antibody to an antigen, but exhibit e.g. also effector functions. The heavy chain constant region gene fragment that corresponds to human lgG1 is called γ1 chain. The heavy chain constant region gene fragment that correspond to human lgG3 is called y3 chain. Human constant γ heavy chains are described in detail by Kabat, E.A. et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 ), and by Brueggemann, M., et al., J. Exp. Med. 166 (1987) 1351 -1361 ; Love, T.W., et al., Methods Enzymol. 178 (1989) 515-527.

Constant domains of lgG1 or lgG3 type are glycosylated at Asn297. "Asn 297" according to the invention means amino acid asparagine located at about position 297 in the Fc region; based on minor sequence variations of antibodies, Asn297 can also be located some amino acids (usually not more than +3 amino acids) upstream or downstream.

The term "antibody effector function(s)" or "effector function" as used herein refers to a function contributed by an Fc effector domain(s) of an IgG (e.g., the Fc region of an immunoglobulin). Such function can be effected by, for example, binding of an Fc effector domain(s) to an Fc receptor on an immune cell with phagocytic or lytic activity or by binding of an Fc effector domain(s) to components of the complement system. Typical effector functions are ADCC, ADCP and CDC.

An "antibody fragment" refers to a molecule other than an intact antibody that comprises a portion of an intact antibody that binds the antigen to which the intact antibody binds. Examples of antibody fragments include but are not limited to Fv, Fab, Fab', Fab'-SH, F(ab')2; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules (e.g. scFv); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

An "antibody that binds to the same epitope" as a reference antibody refers to an antibody that blocks binding of the reference antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more, and conversely, the reference antibody blocks binding of the antibody to its antigen in a competition assay by 50% or more. An exemplary competition assay is provided herein.

"Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity" and "ADCC" refer to a cell mediated reaction in which nonspecific cytotoxic cells that express FcRs (e.g. Natural Killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages) recognize bound antibody on a target cell and subsequently cause lysis of the target cell. The primary cells for mediating ADCC, NK cells, express FcyRIII only, whereas monocytes express FcyRI, FcyRII and FcyRIII. FcR expression on hematopoietic cells is summarized in Table 3 on page 464 of Ravetch, and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol 9 (1991 ) 457- 492. The term "Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis" and "ADCP" refer to a process by which antibody-coated cells are internalized, either in whole or in part, by phagocytic immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells) that bind to an immunoglobulin Fc region.

"C1 q" is a polypeptide that includes a binding site for the Fc region of an immunoglobulin. C1 q together with two serine proteases, C1 r and C1 s, forms the complex C1 , the first component of the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) pathway. Human C1 q can be purchased commercially from, e.g. Quidel, San Diego, California.

The "class" of an antibody refers to the type of constant domain or constant region possessed by its heavy chain. There are five major classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and Ig , and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgGi , lgG ₂ , lgG ₃ , lgG ₄ , IgAi, and lgA ₂ . The heavy chain constant domains that correspond to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called a, δ, ε, γ, and μ, respectively. An "effective amount" of an agent, e.g., a pharmaceutical formulation, refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic result.

The term "Fc region" herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain that contains at least a portion of the constant region. The term includes native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions.

Unless otherwise specified herein, numbering of amino acid residues in the Fc region or constant region is according to the EU numbering system, also called the EU index, as described in Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991 ).

A "variant Fc region" comprises an amino acid sequence which differs from that of a "native" or "wildtype" sequence Fc region by virtue of at least one "amino acid modification" as herein defined.

The term "Fc-variant" as used herein refers to a polypeptide comprising a modification in the Fc domain. The modification can be an addition, deletion, or substitution. Substitutions can include naturally occurring amino acids and non- naturally occurring amino acids. Variants may comprise non-natural amino acids.

The term "Fc region-containing polypeptide" refers to a polypeptide, such as an antibody or immunoadhesin (see definitions below), which comprises an Fc region.

The terms "Fc receptor" or "FcR" are used to describe a receptor that binds to the Fc region of an antibody. A FcR which binds an IgG antibody (a gamma receptor) includes receptors of the FcyRI, FcyRII, and FcyRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced forms of these receptors. FcyRII receptors include FcyRIIA (an "activating receptor") and FcyRIIB (an "inhibiting receptor"), which have similar amino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof. Activating receptor FcyRIIA contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITA ) in its cytoplasmic domain. Inhibiting receptor FcyRIIB contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain, (see review in Daeron, M., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15 (1997) 203-234). FcRs are reviewed in Ravetch, and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol 9 (1991 ) 457-492; Capel, et al., Immunomethods 4 (1994) 25-34; and de Haas, et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126 (1995) 330-41. Other FcRs, including those to be identified in the future, are encompassed by the term "FcR" herein. The term also includes the neonatal receptor, FcRn, which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgGs to the fetus (Guyer, et al., J. Immunol. 1 17 (1976) 587 and Kim, et al., J. Immunol. 24 (1994) 249).

By "IgG Fc ligand" as used herein is meant a molecule, preferably a polypeptide, from any organism that binds to the Fc region of an IgG antibody to form an Fc/Fc ligand complex. Fc ligands include but are not limited to FcyRs, FcRn, Clq, C3, mannan binding lectin, mannose receptor, staphylococcal protein A, streptococcal protein G, and viral FcyR. Fc ligands also include Fc receptor homologs (FcRH), which are a family of Fc receptors that are homologous to the FcyRs (Davis, et al., Immunological Reviews 190 (2002) 123-136, entirely incorporated by reference). Fc ligands may include undiscovered molecules that bind Fc. Particular IgG Fc ligands are FcRn and Fc gamma receptors. By "Fc ligand" as used herein is meant a molecule, preferably a polypeptide, from any organism that binds to the Fc region of an antibody to form an Fc/Fc ligand complex.

By "Fc gamma receptor", "FcyR" or "FcgammaR" as used herein is meant any member of the family of proteins that bind the IgG antibody Fc region and is encoded by an FcyR gene. In humans this family includes but is not limited to FcyRI (CD64), including isoforms FcyRIA, FcyRIB, and FcyRIC; FcyRII (CD32), including isoforms FcyRIIA (including allotypes H131 and R131 ), FcyRIIB (including FcyRIIB-l and FcyRIIB-2), and FcyRllc; and FcyRIII (CD 16), including isoforms FcyRIIIA (including allotypes V158 and F158) and FcyRlllb (including allotypes FcyRIIB-NAI and FcyRIIB-NA2) (Jefferis, et al., Immunol Lett 82(2002) 57-65, entirely incorporated by reference), as well as any undiscovered human FcyRs or FcyR isoforms or allotypes. An FcyR may be from any organism, including but not limited to humans, mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys. Mouse FcyRs include but are not limited to FcyRI (CD64), FcyRII (CD32), FcyRIII (CD 16), and FCYRIII-2 (CD 16-2), as well as any undiscovered mouse FcyRs or FcyR isoforms or allotypes.

By "FcRn" or "neonatal Fc Receptor" as used herein is meant a protein that binds the IgG antibody Fc region and is encoded at least in part by an FcRn gene. The FcRn may be from any organism, including but not limited to humans, mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys. As is known in the art, the functional FcRn protein comprises two polypeptides, often referred to as the heavy chain and light chain. The light chain is beta-2-microglobulin and the heavy chain is encoded by the FcRn gene. Unless otherwise noted herein, FcRn or an FcRn protein refers to the complex of FcRn heavy chain with beta-2-microglobulin.

An "immunoconjugate" means an antibody conjugated to one or more cytotoxic agents, such as a chemotherapeutic agent, a drug, a growth inhibitory agent, a toxin, another antibody or a radioactive isotope.

The terms "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody composition" as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of a single amino acid composition.

The term "humanized antibody" or "humanized version of an antibody" refers to antibodies for which both heavy and light chains are humanized as a result of antibody engineering. A humanized chain is typically a chain in which the V-region amino acid sequence has been changed so that, analyzed as a whole, is closer in homology to a human germline sequence than to the germline sequence of the species of origin. Humanization assessment is based on the resulting amino acid sequence and not on the methodology per se.

The terms "specifically binding, against target, or anti-target antibody ", as used herein, refer to binding of the antibody to the respective antigen (target) or antigen- expressing cell, measured by ELISA, wherein said ELISA preferably comprises coating the respective antigen to a solid support, adding said antibody under conditions to allow the formation of an immune complex with the respective antigen or protein, detecting said immune complex by measuring the Optical Density values (OD) using a secondary antibody binding to an antibody according to the invention and using a peroxidase-mediated color development.

The term "antigen" according to the invention refers to the antigen used for immunization or a protein comprising said antigen as part of its protein sequence. For example, for immunization a fragment of the extracellular domain of a protein (e.g. the first 20 amino acids) can be used and for detection/assay and the like the extracellular domain of the protein or the full-length protein can be used.

The term "specifically binding" or "specifically recognized" herein means that an antibody exhibits appreciable affinity for an antigen and, preferably, does not exhibit significant cross-reactivity.

An antibody that "does not exhibit significant cross-reactivity" is one that will not appreciably bind to an undesirable other protein. Specific binding can be determined according to any art-recognized means for determining such binding, e.g. by competitive binding assays such as ELISA.

The "variable region (or domain) of an antibody according to the invention" (variable region of a light chain (VL), variable region of a heavy chain (VH)) as used herein denotes each of the pair of light and heavy chain regions which are involved directly in binding the antibody to the antigen. The variable light and heavy chain regions have the same general structure and each region comprises four framework (FR) regions whose sequences are widely conserved, connected by three complementary determining regions, CDRs.

The term "antigen-binding portion of an antibody" when used herein refer to the amino acid residues of an antibody which are responsible for antigen-binding. The antigen-binding portion of an antibody comprises preferably amino acid residues from the "complementary determining regions" or "CDRs". The CDR sequences are defined according to Kabat et al, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991 ). Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or CDR of the variable region. For example, a heavy chain variable region may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues (e.g. residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc. according to Kabat) after heavy chain FR residue 82. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a "standard" Kabat numbered sequence.

The term "cancer" as used herein may be, for example, lung cancer, non-small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, bronchioloalviolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), spinal axis tumors, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytomas, schwanomas, ependymonas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pituitary adenoma, lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia, including refractory versions of any of the above cancers, or a combination of one or more of the above cancers. Preferably such cancer is a breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, or pancreatic cancer. The term "IL-18 related diseases" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, lupus (e.g., Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Lupus Nephritis), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, asthma, allergic diseases, psoriasis, psoriasis type 1 , psoriasis type 2, scleroderma, graft versus host disease, organ transplant rejection, acute or chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, Kawasaki's disease, Grave's disease .nephrotic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, Henoch-Schoenlein purpurea, microscopic vasculitis of the kidneys, chronic active hepatitis, uveitis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, sepsis syndrome, cachexia, infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, acute transverse myelitis, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, primary biliary cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, malignancies, heart failure, myocardial infarction, Addison's disease, sporadic, polyglandular deficiency type I and polyglandular deficiency type II, Schmidt' s syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, alopecia, alopecia greata, seronegative arthopathy, arthropathy, Reiter's disease, psoriatic arthropathy, ulcerative colitic arthropathy, enteropathic synovitis, chlamydia, yersinia and salmonella associated arthropathy, spondyloarthopathy, atheromatous disease, arteriosclerosis, atopic allergy, autoimmune bullous disease, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, autoimmune haemolytic anemia, Coombs positive haemolytic anemia, acquired pernicious anemia, juvenile pernicious anemia, myalgic encephalitis/Royal Free Disease, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, giant cell arteritis, primary sclerosing hepatitis, cryptogenic autoimmune hepatitis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Related Diseases, Hepatitis C, common varied immunodeficiency, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, dilated cardiomyopathy, female infertility, ovarian failure, premature ovarian failure, fibrotic lung disease, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, post inflammatory interstitial lung disease, interstitial pneumonitis, connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease, mixed connective tissue disease associated lung disease, systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease, systemic lupus erythematosus associated lung disease, dermatomyositis/polymyositis associated lung disease, Sjogren's disease associated lung disease, ankylosing spondylitis associated lung disease, vasculitic diffuse lung disease, haemosiderosis associated lung disease, drug-induced interstitial lung disease, radiation fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphocytic infiltrative lung disease, post-infectious interstitial lung disease, gouty arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis, type-1 autoimmune hepatitis, classical autoimmune or lupoid hepatitis, type-2 autoimmune hepatitis, anti-LKM antibody hepatitis, autoimmune mediated hypoglycemia, type B insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans, hypoparathyroidism, acute immune disease associated with organ transplantation, chronic immune disease associated with organ transplantation, osteoarthrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, idiopathic leucopaenia, autoimmune neutropenia, renal disease NOS, glomerulonephritides, microscopic vasulitis of the kidneys, Lyme disease, discoid lupus erythematosus, male infertility idiopathic or NOS, sperm autoimmunity, all subtypes of multiple sclerosis, sympathetic ophthalmia, pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue disease, Goodpasture's syndrome, pulmonary manifestation of polyarteritis nodosa, acute rheumatic fever, rheumatoid spondylitis, Still's disease, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, Takayasu's disease/arteritis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism, goitrous autoimmune hypothyroidism or Hashimoto's disease, atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism, primary myxoedema, phacogenic uveitis, primary vasculitis, vitiligo, acute liver disease, chronic liver diseases, allergy and asthma, mental disorders, depression, schizophrenia, Th2 Type and Th1 Type mediated diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), inflammatory, autoimmune and bone diseases. The term "IL-18 related diseases" further comprises cancer induced modalities such as tumor-induced chronic inflammation. Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, capable of binding to human IL-1 R7. As outlined above, the development of such antibodies had proven to be very difficult and before the existence of the antibodies of this invention, there were no antibodies available that bind to the human version of IL-1 R7. Even less, antibodies existed that bind to human IL-1 R7 with a specificity and efficiency sufficient to allow for their use as therapeutic agents. The possibility to develop and obtain such antibodies was not expected, due to the previous difficulties experienced in the generation such antibodies.

Thus, it was very surprising for the inventors to find that the antibodies of the present invention show the beneficial and advantageous characteristics as described and further detailed below.

In one aspect of the invention, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a VH region selected from the group of VH regions comprising the CDR regions selected from the group consisting of a CDR1 H region of SEQ ID NO: 297 + n, a CDR2H region of SEQ ID NO: 445 + n and a CDR3H region of SEQ ID NO: 593 + n, wherein n is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147, and a VL region selected from the group of VL regions comprising CDR regions selected from the group consisting of a CDR1 L region of SEQ ID NO: 741 + m, a CDR2L region of SEQ ID NO: 889 + m and a CDR3L region of SEQ ID NO: 1037 + m, wherein m is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147 or of SEQ ID NO: 1205 or 1206, wherein the CDRs of the VH or VL chains may comprise any one or more amino acid mutations that does not diminish their activity according to the invention.

In another aspect of the present invention, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a VH region selected from the group of VH regions comprising three CDRs that are at least 90% identical to a group of three CDR regions selected from the groups consisting of a CDR1 H region of SEQ ID NO: 297 + n, a CDR2H region of SEQ ID NO: 445 + n and a CDR3H region of SEQ ID NO: 593 + n, wherein n is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147, and a VL region selected from the group of VL regions comprising three CDRS that are at least 90% identical to a group of three CDR regions selected from the groups consisting of a CDR1 L region of SEQ ID NO: 741 + m, a CDR2L region of SEQ ID NO: 889 + m and a CDR3L region of SEQ ID NO: 1037 + m, wherein m is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147 or of SEQ ID NO: 1205 and 1206.

Preferably, the CDRs have a sequence identity to their respective SEQ ID NOs of at least 91 %, preferably 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

Most favorable effects were found for antibodies or antigen-binding fragments that comprise a VH region selected from the group of VH regions comprising a CDR1 H region of SEQ ID NO: 297 + n, a CDR2H region of SEQ ID NO: 445 + n and a CDR3H region of SEQ ID NO: 593 + n, wherein n is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147, and a VL region selected from the group of VL regions comprising a CDR1 L region of SEQ ID NO: 741 + m, a CDR2L region of SEQ ID NO: 889 + m and a CDR3L region of SEQ ID NO: 1037 + m, wherein m is a number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147 or of SEQ ID NO: 1205 and 1206.

In another aspect of the invention, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region is at least 85 % identical to a VH region selected from the group consisting of VH regions of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 148 and of SEQ ID NO: 1 185-1 193.

The antibody according to the invention may also comprise a light chain variable (VL) region that is at least 85 % identical to a VL region selected from the group consisting of VL regions of SEQ ID NO: 149 to 296 and of SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204.

It is preferred that the antibody comprises a VH region that is at least 85 % identical to a VH region of SEQ ID NO: 1 + n and a VL region that is at least 85 % identical to a VL region of SEQ ID NO: 149 + m, wherein n and m are numbers selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147. Further it is preferred, that the antibody comprises a VH region that is at least 85 % identical to a VH region of SEQ ID NO: 1 185-1 193, and a VL region that is at least 85 % identical to a VL region of SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204.

Further preferred, the antibody comprises a VH region that is at least 86 % identical, preferably 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93% 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a VH region of SEQ ID NO: 1 + n or SEQ ID NO: 1 185- 1 193 and a VL region that is at least 86 % identical, preferably 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93% 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a VL region of SEQ ID NO: 149 + m or SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204, wherein n and m are numbers selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147.

It is most preferred that such antibody comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of VH regions of SEQ ID NO: 1 + n and SEQ ID NO: 1 185-1 193 and a VL region selected from the group consisting of VL regions of SEQ ID NO: 149 + m and SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204, wherein n and m are number selected from the group consisting of 0 to 147.

In the above embodiments, n and m are preferably the same.

Particularly good effects were achieved when said VH region is selected from the group consisting of VH regions of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 148 and SEQ ID NO: 1 185- 1 193 and that said VL region is selected from the group consisting of VL regions of SEQ ID NO: 149 to 296 and SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204.

Especially preferred are antibodies including one of the following combinations of six CDRs of the heavy and light chain sequences as shown in a single row of the following table representing the SEQ ID NOs: CDRH1 CDRH2 CDRH3 CDRL1 CDRL2 CDRL3

343 491 639 787 935 1083

444 592 740 888 1036 1 184

397 545 693 841 989 1 137

323 471 619 767 915 1063

309 457 605 753 901 1049

336 484 632 780 928 1076

310 458 606 754 902 1050

335 483 631 779 927 1075

388 536 684 832 980 1 128

309 457 605 753 901 1205

335 483 631 779 927 1206

The favorable effects of such antibodies are, for example, the particular high selectivity for binding to human IL-1 R7 and their potency in inhibiting IL-18 signaling. This high specificity and selectivity in binding to IL-1 R7 (and not to IL- 1 R5) is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The efficiency in IL-18 signaling inhibition can be seen in Fig. 1 , as example.

According to the invention, a monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is capable of binding to human IL-1 R7 and exhibits an inhibition of IL-18 signaling of at least 30 %, in an IL-18 functional assay as described in Example 1 .

Preferably, said inhibition of IL-18 signaling is at least 35%, preferably 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and most preferred 90%, in an IL-18 functional assay.

In another embodiment according to the invention, a monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is capable of binding to human IL-1 R7 and exhibits a binding specificity to cells expressing human IL-1 R7 receptor of more than 10.000 RFU (Relative Fluorescence Units) in an hulL-1 R7 cell binding assay as described in Example 2. Preferably, said binding specificity is more than 20.000 RFU, more preferably more than 30.000 RFU, 40.000 RFU, 50.000 RFU, 60.000 RFU, 70.000 RFU, 80.000 RFU, 90.000 RFU, and most preferred more than 100.000 RFU.

These values illustrate the particular high efficiency of the antibodies according to the invention in binding to the IL-1 R7 receptor and inhibiting IL-18 signaling. It further highlights their potency for use in the treatment of diseases, wherein IL-18 signaling shall be reduced.

As detailed in the introduction, the IL-18 pathway is highly regulated and previous experience with inhibition through IL-18 directly produced conflicting results: There were pro-inflammatory effects described that are related to IL-18 activity with signaling through IL-1 R5 and IL-1 R7. There were also strong anti-inflammatory effects described that are related to IL-37 activity with signaling through IL-1 R5 and another receptor IL-1 R8 (TIR8/SIGIRR. This means that IL-1 R5 can act as a receptor not only for IL-18 but also for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37 and that the blocking of the IL-1 R5 receptor can constitute a risk for patients with reduced immune response.

The inhibition of IL-1 R7 is therefore, the only selective anti-inflammatory intervention without the risk to interfere with other mechanisms that may not be beneficial for patients treated with an anti-IL-18 modality.

It will therefore be particularly appreciated in the field that the antibodies according to the invention show a very strong binding to the IL-1 R7 receptor and a very weak binding to the IL-1 R5 receptor.

The antibodies according to the invention may exhibit a binding specificity to cells expressing human IL-1 R5 receptor of less than 1 .000 RFU in an hulL-1 R5 cell binding assay as described in Example 2. Preferably, said binding specificity to cells expressing human IL-1 R5 receptor is less than 1 .000 RFU, 800 RFU, more preferably less than 700 RFU, 600 RFU, 500 RFU, 400 RFU, 300 RFU, 200 RFU, 100 RFU.

A monoclonal antibody according to the invention can be rabbit antibody. In a preferred embodiment, the antibody of the invention is a rabbit/human chimeric antibody. In a further preferred version, the antibody is a humanized antibody.

The amino acid sequences of several exemplary humanized antibodies are shown in Figure 10. Most favorable effects were found for the humanized antibodies having a heavy chain variable region (VH) as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 185-1 193 and a light chain variable region (VL) as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 194-1204. Especially preferred are the humanized antibodies including one of the following combinations of heavy chain and light chain variable regions: VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 185 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 194; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 186 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 195; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 187 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 196; VH of SEQ ID NO:

1 188 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 197; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 189 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 198; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 190 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1 199; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 191 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1200; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 192 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1201 ; VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 193 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1202; VH of SEQ ID NO:

1 189 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1203, and VH of SEQ ID NO: 1 192 and VL of SEQ ID NO: 1204.

According to the preferred therapeutic application of the antibodies according to the invention, the effector functions (such as ADCC, CDC and ADCP) of the antibodies of the invention are reduced or lacking. Therefore, the antibodies of the invention avoid unwanted depletion of immune cells and reduce the risk of adverse events, e.g. opportunistic infections.

In one embodiment, the antibody according to the invention comprises one or more mutations that reduce the interactions with the FcR receptor. It is preferred that an antibody according to the invention exhibits a reduced affinity to the human Fey receptors compared to the wildtype IgG Fey. This can lead to a reduced signaling through the human Fey receptor compared to the wildtype IgG Fey receptor signaling.

In one specific embodiment, the antibody according to the invention comprises at least amino acid substitutions at L234A and L235A of the human lgG1 Fc region. In another embodiment, the antibody may comprise at least amino acid substitutions at S228P and L235E of the human lgG4 Fc region.

Additionally, an antibody according to the invention may be used in the treatment of a IL-18 mediated disease.

Purified preparations of antibodies of the invention may be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of human disease and disorders as such as those outlined below. Typically, such compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., inert) carrier as known and called for by acceptable pharmaceutical practice. Examples of such carries include sterilized carrier such as saline Ringers solution or dextrose solution, buffered with suitable buffers to a pH within the range of 5 to 8. Pharmaceutical compositions for injection or continuous infusion are suitably free of visible particulate matter and may comprise between 0.1 ng to 100mg of antibody, typically between 5 mg and 35 mg of antibody. In any case, pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody according to the invention. Methods for the preparation of such pharmaceutical compositions are well known o those skilled in the art.

Effective doses and treatment regimen for administering the antibody of the invention are generally determined empirically and are dependent on factors such as the age, weight and health status of the patient and disease to be treated. Such factors are within the purview of the attending physician. In general, they will be between 1 mg and 1000mg. In one embodiment, the dosing regimen for treating a human patient is administered i.v. or s.c. 1 time per week or 1 time every 4 weeks or 1 times every 3 months. Compositions of the present invention may also be used once or even prophylactically.

Depending on the disease or disorder to be treated the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutic active amount of the antibody of the invention may be used simultaneously, separately or sequentially with an effective amount of another medicament such as other anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor agents.

The disease treated with an antibody or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention may be an immune disease or an autoimmune disease or an inflammatory or an autoinflammatory disease or a cardiovascular disease. The disease may also be an inflammasome-mediated disease.

A disease treated with an antibody or pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be a disease selected from the group of diseases comprising type 1 or 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease (CD); ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Giant Cell arthritis (GCA), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adult onset Still's Disease (AOSD), systemic juvenile idiopahteic arthritis (SJIA), severe asthma, Uvenitis, Geographic Atrophy, atherosclerosis and tumor-induced chronic inflammation.

The present invention also comprises a method of treating an IL-18 mediated disease in a patient. Such method comprises the administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antibody or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention to a patient.

The method may be applied in cases in which the patient has not responded to anti-TNF therapy. The method may also be used in the treatment of an immune disease or an autoimmune disease or an inflammatory or an autoinflammatory disease or a cardiovascular disease. An inflammasome-mediated disease may also be treated with the method according to the invention.

In another aspect of the invention, the disease that is treated with the present method is one selected from the group of diseases comprising type 1 or 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease (CD); ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Giant Cell arthritis (GCA), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adult onset Still's Disease (AOSD), systemic juvenile idiopahteic arthritis (SJIA), severe asthma, Uvenitis, Geographic Atrophy, atherosclerosis and tumor-induced chronic inflammation.

Examples

The following examples are used in conjunction with the figures and tables to illustrate the invention.

Example 1 : IL-18 functional assay

1 . Cultivate HEK-Blue™ cells (InvivoGen; Cat.no.: hkb-hmil18) according to manufacturer's protocol.

2. Seed out 12.5k HEK-Blue™ cells in 15 μΙ_ medium per well into a clear cell- culture treated 384 well plate with flat bottom.

3. Add 5 μΙ_ of B-cell supernatant or standard antibody dilution series to each well.

4. Incubate for 1 hour at 37 °C/5 % C02.

5. Add 5 μΙ_ of a 0.1 mg/ml hulL-18 solution to each well.

6. Incubate overnight at 37 °C/5 % C02.

7. Add 20 μΙ_ QUANTI-Blue™ (1 pouch dissolved in 50 ml) into a new clear non-binding plate.

8. Add 5 μΙ_ of HEK-Blue™ cell supernatant and incubate at 37 °C/5 % C02 for 45 min.

9. Determine SEAP levels using a spectrophotometer at 620-655 nm.

Example 2: hulL-1 R7 and hulL-1 R5 cell binding assay

1 . Seed an adequate amount of HEK293 cells transfected with hulL-1 R7 or hulL-1 R5 (1 ,000 to 2000 cells/well) in 20 μΙ medium into a black 384well plate with clear bottom.

2. Incubate plates for 4 h at 37°C and 5% C0 ₂

3. Add 5 μΙ B-cell supernatants or standard antibody dilution series to the cells.

4. Incubate plates overnight at 37°C and 5% CO2. 5. Wash plate 3x with 25 μΙ_ PBS and add 20 μΙ_ of an appropriate detection antibody (assay cone. 0.8 Mg/ml).

6. Incubate plate 4 hrs at 37°C and 5% C0 ₂ in the dark.

7. Add 5 μΙ of a 25pg/ml Hoechst solution and cover with aluminium foil. While incubating cells for 10 min at RT shortly spin down plates for 10 sec 300xg.

8. Analyze binding of antibodies to cells with a Celllnsight™ High Content Screening Platform.

Example 3: Biochemical human-IL1 R7 ELISA

Binding of humanized anti-IL1 R7-lgG1 -LALA monoclonal antibodies to human IL1 R7 protein was tested in a biochemical ELISA. Recombinant human-IL1 R7-Fc protein (MAB Discovery) was incubated in a 384-well Nunc™ MaxiSorp™ plate at a concentration of 0,5 g/ml in PBS for one hour at room temperature. After washing three times with wash buffer (PBS, 0.1 % Tween), plates were blocked with PBS, 2% BSA, 0.05% Tween for one hour at room temperature. Plates were washed again three times with wash buffer and antibodies at concentrations ranging from 10 pg/ml to 6 pg/ml in PBS, 0.5% BSA, 0.05% Tween were incubated for one hour at room temperature. After 3 washes in wash buffer, wells were incubated with 12,5μΙ of a 1 :5000 dilution of anti-human peroxidase-linked, species specific F(ab)2 Fragment from goat (AbD Serotec) in ELISA buffer for one hour at room temperature. Wells were washed six times with wash buffer and 15 l/well TMB substrate solution (Invitrogen) were added. After 30 minutes at room temperature 15μΙ Stop solution (1 M HCI ) were added per well and absorbance at 450 and 620 nm wavelength was measured using a Tecan M1000 microplate reader. Fitting curves and EC50 calculation were obtained by using Excel (Microsoft) and XLfit (IDBS). As shown in figure 5 EC50 binding values ranged between 2,1 ng/ml to 4,5 ng/ml.

Example 4: Cell binding to hlL1 R7 expressing cells

To determine the potency of humanized anti-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA monoclonal antibodies in binding to cell-expressed human IL1 R7, HEK-293 cells were transfected with DNA encoding human-IL1 R7. 48h after transfection, 2000 cells were seeded in 20μΙ DMEM containing 10% FBS, 1x Pen/Strep in a cell-culture treated, clear bottom 384-well plate. Antibodies were added to final concentrations ranging from 10 pg/ml to 2 pg/ml in 5μΙ medium. After 24h cells were washed three times with 25μΙ wash buffer (PBS, 0,05% Tween) before Alexa-Fluor-488- conjugated goat anti-human-lgG (Jackson Laboratories) were added at a concentration of 0,8 pg/ml in 20μΙ medium. Four hours later, 5μΙ Hoechst dye in medium was added to a final concentration of 5μg/ml. Fluorescent cell binding signals were measured using a Celllnsight automated high content imager (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Fitting curves and EC50 calculation were obtained by using Excel (Microsoft) and XLfit (IDBS). Figure 6 summarizes the EC50 binding values ranging from 1 ,7 to 8,3 ng/ml.

Example 5: Neutralization of IL-18 induced NF-κΒ signaling

The ability of humanized, monoclonal a-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to interfere with IL-18 induced NF-κΒ signalling was tested using HEK-Blue-IL18™ reporter cells (InvivoGen). Cells were seeded in 15μΙ DMEM, 10 % FCS, 1 % Pen/Strep at a cell density of 12500 cells/well in a 384-well tissue culture plate. Antibodies were added for final antibody concentrations ranging from 50 to 0,024 pg/ml and incubated for 1 h. Human IL-18 was added at a final concentration of 100 pg/ml and cells were incubated for 24 h. 5μΙ of the medium supernatant of each well were transferred to a white, clear bottom 384-well plate containing 20μΙ of 2x QUANTI-Blue™ reagent (InvivoGen). After 45 minutes incubation at 37°C and 5% CO2, optical density at a wavelength of 655 nm was measured reflecting N F-KB dependent activation of phosphatase secretion. Fitting curves and EC50 calculation were obtained by using Excel (Microsoft) and XLfit (IDBS). EC50 values in figure 7 indicate the potency of anti-IL1 R7 antibodies to induce NF-kB signaling in the HEK-Blue-IL18™ reporter cells. Example 6: Neutralization of IL-18 induced IL-6 cytokine release

A-549_IL18Rb_IL1 R9 cells were stimulated with hlL-18 to test the ability of humanized, monoclonal anti-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to inhibit IL-18 induced IL-6 cytokine release. Cells were plated in F-12K Nutrient Mixture Kaighn's Modification + 10% FCS in 384-well cell culture plates at a density of 12500 cells/well. After 24h cells were washed 3x with Cell wash buffer (PBS, 0,05% Tween) and 15μΙ medium and 10μΙ antibodies were added for final antibody concentrations ranging from 33,3 to 0,016 g/ml. 1 h later, human IL18 was added to a final concentration of 10 ng/ml and cells were incubated for 6h. IL-6 concentrations in cell culture supernatants were quantified using a human-IL6 DuoSet ELISA kit from R&D Systems. Fitting curves and EC50 calculation were obtained by using Excel (Microsoft) and XLfit (I DBS). Figure 8 summarizes the EC50 values ranging from 133 to 6350 ng/ml.

Example 7: Neutralization of IL-18 induced IFN-γ release

The ability of humanized, monoclonal anti-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to inhibit IL-18 induced release of IFN- γ was tested using KG-1 myeloblast cells. KG-1 cells were seeded at a density of 6750 cells/well in 15μΙ RPMI 1640 medium containing 20% FBS and 2mM L-Glutamine in a 384-well cell culture plate. Antibodies were added to a final concentration of 1 ,4 g/ml or for dose titration experiments in a range of 5000 to 0,03 ng/ml. After 1 hour of incubation, human IL-18 (final concentration 5 ng/ml) and TNF-a (final concentration 10 ng/ml) were added and cells were incubated for 48h at 37°C and 5% C0 ₂ . IFN-y concentrations in the medium supernatant was quantified using a human-IFN-γ ELISA kit from R&D Systems. Figure 9A summarizes the measured IFN-y concentrations after treatment of KG-1 cells with 1 ,4 g/ml antibody. Figure 9B shows IFN-y release EC50 inhibition values determined in dose titration experiments. Fitting curves and EC50 calculation were obtained by using Excel (Microsoft) and XLfit (IDBS). Figure legend

Fig.1 : IL-18 functional assay

Shown are the results of experiments that were performed as detailed in Example 1 .

Fig. 2: hulL-1 R7 cell binding assay

Results of experiments are shown that were performed in accordance with Example 2.

Fig. 3: hulL-1 R5 cell binding assay

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 2.

Fig.4: Sequences (amino acids in one letter code)

Complete sequences of Variable Regions (VR):

Heavy chain: VH complete: SEQ ID NO: 1 -148

Light chain: VL complete: SEQ ID NO: 149-296

Complementary Determining Regions (CDR):

Heavy Chain: CDR-H1 : SEQ ID NO: 297-444

CDR-H2: SEQ ID NO: 445-592

CDR-H3: SEQ ID NO: 593-740

Light Chain: CDR-L1 : SEQ ID NO: 741 -888

CDR-L2: SEQ ID NO: 889-1036

CDR-L3: SEQ ID NO: 1037-1 184, 1205, 1206

5:Binding of humanized a-IL1 R7 antibodies to human IL-1 R7 in a biochemical ELISA

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 3. Binding of humanized anti-IL-1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to recombinant human IL-1 R7 protein was tested in biochemical ELISA. EC50 binding values range from 2,1 ng/ml to 4,5 ng/ml. Fig. 6:Binding of humanized a-IL1 R7 antibodies to HEK-293-hlL1 R7 cells

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 4. Binding of humanized anti-IL-1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to cell surface expressed human IL1 R7 was tested using HEK-293 cells transfected with DNA encoding human-IL1 R7. EC50 binding values range from 1 ,7 to 8,3 ng/ml.

Fig. 7:Neutralization of IL-18 induced NF-kB signaling in a HEK-Blue-IL18™ reporter cell line

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 5. HEK-Blue-IL18™ reporter cells, stimulated with 100 pg/ml human IL-18 were treated with increasing concentrations of humanized, monoclonal a-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies to interfere with IL-18 induced NF-kB signaling. Inhibition EC50 values range between 3,2 and > 50 g/ml.

Fig. 8:Neutralization of IL18-induced IL-6 release by A-549_IL18Rb_IL1 R9 cells

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 6. Neutralization of IL-18 induced secretion of IL-6 has been tested using A-549_IL18Rb_IL1 R9 cells. Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of humanized, monoclonal a-IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies or a reference mouse-a-hlL1 R7 antibody from R&D Systems (MAB1 181 ) together with 10 ng/ml IL-18 for 6h. IL-6 release in the culture supernatant was quantified by ELISA.

Fig. 9:Neutralization of IL-18 induced IFN-g release by KG-1 myeloblasts

Shown are the results of experiments that were carried out as detailed in Example 7. KG-1 myeloblasts were treated with humanized, monoclonal a- IL1 R7 lgG1 -LALA antibodies or a reference mouse-a-hlL1 R7 antibody from R&D Systems (MAB1 181 ) to test their ability to block hlL-18 induced IFN-y release. Figure 9A shows inhibition of IFN-γ release at an antibody concentration of 1 ,4 g/ml. In Figure 9B the inhibition EC50 values from antibody dose titration (5000 to 0,03 ng/ml) experiments are shown.

Fig. 10:Sequences of humanized antibodies

Complete sequences of variable regions and the respective CDRs