The invention includes arrangements to transform energy in connection with movements as described in claim 1 of the patent.

5 Background for the patent

A lot of constructions vibrate with intention or as a natural result of the way they arfa used. This movements can have different frequency and amplitude and involve diff- lOerent amounts and kinds of mass, according to the types of equipment which are use , and whore they are usε?d. Examples of processes and equipment with a movement which can be used after this model are: vehicles like cars, excavators, elevators and cranes,- boats and other vehicles which are

15 moved by waves, engines of di ferent types and other equip¬ ment which because of theirs construction do not run smoo¬ thly or have vibrations in the shafts. It is known from some cases to transform such movements to useful energy. Existing examples of such ut lization «ιrte normal wave power 0stations. Unloading pumps used in boat-» and a movable baffles which use the boate<-*> move.?mentis in waves to drive them forwards are other kinds of utilization of the wave energy. Similar princ pals are used for utilisation of an objects inertia. For instance when buses brake can the 5 energy be stored on an oscillating wheel and o π<*»ed to make the bus accelerate again.

To prevent that vibrations or other natural mo emen s are making damages or unpieatiantnes'- it is usual to make? them less perceptible with fc o l absorbers or similar 0 arrangements. In conventi n l shock absorbers the natural movement energy is ansf rmed to warmth wh h is lost to the surroundings.

The purpose with the invention .

The main purpose with the invention is to produce art arrangement which transform the energy which normally are lost by different means off dampening the movements, to useful energy. Another purpose of the invention is to use the energy to regulate the levels of vehicles. A third purpose with the invention is to store energy for later use.

The basic principals of the invention.

The principal of this invention is to utilize e ener¬ gy in said movements, vibrations or oscillations by using a shock -absorber on the movements, which in the same time completely or partly, is a transformer of energy to a form which can do useful work, just as given in the? patent claims.

With this invention the movement energy is used by ρl<acing an energy transformer as an addition to or as compensation to the press, vibration or movement da pener.

The energy transformer itself can be of different typ-

- a pump which transforms the movement energy to pressure energy in an hydraulic or pneumatic system.

- an electrical generator which has linear or rotating movements

- friction which give heat and utilise it in a heat pump, store it in & magazine or use it to heating.

Examples of executions of the inventions

In the following pages the invention is described with eκamples of executions with references to enclosed drawings where:

Fig.1 shows a principal sketch for a conventional shock- absorber.

Fig.2 shows a principal sketch of an execution of a shock absorber in accordance to the invention.

Fig:3 shows a horizontal axial cut through a shock absorber formed in accordance to the invention in a schematically form.

Fig:4 shows* a horizontal axial cut through another shock absorber formed in accordance to the invention in a schema¬ tically form. Fig.5 shows a detail of the shock absorber in Fig. . Fig.6 shows an engine mounted on machine shoes in accor¬ dance to the invention. Fig.7 shows the machine shoe in Fig.6 in details.

Fig.1 shows a conventional shock absorber 1, filled with oil or gas 5. This is used in several places today. The most usual application is to remove shock and smooth the movement of vehicles. Ordinary shock absorbers .1. works when piston 2, with a piston rod 3 moves inside a cylinder. The piston is furnished ith openings 4 which give a leakage and absorbs the movement.

Instead of constructing the piston with an imagined leakage which results in friction and transport of the movement energy into warmth in the shock absorbe , one can do according to in Fig.2 and put a restriction, a turbine 7 _f in the ssub loop 6. This turbine 7, can give energy to a generator of electricity, or a hydraulical ly or pneumati¬ cally operated pump (not -shown).

Such a turbine 7, or another energy transf rmer can be placed both in an oil or gas stream outside the absorbing cylinder as shown in Fig. . The execution in Fig 2 make use of that the movement in the piston pole 3 a d in the piston 2, would lead to low and respect ely high presssure in the two chambers made by the piston and the piston house. It is provided that the piston is tight to the inner walls of the cylinder. The difference of pressure is equali ed through the pipe £, which together with a turbine or similar 7 forms an energy transformer 3.

Df course are other executions possible too with help of worm gear or other transforming devices.

An important fact in this case is that in shock absor¬ ber i or an energy transformer 9 which are constructed in this way is that the stiffness of the shock absorber easily can be adjusted.

Generators can also be made as own units and coupled against the equipment together with conventional shock absorbers and further utilisation of the rest of the ener- gy. In shock absorbers can the linear movement utilization be used to operate other forms of energy, or instance in a pressure generator formed as a piston or an membrane pump. An execution of a membrane pump with a piston pump is shown in Fig.4 The shock absorber in Fig.4 with general reference 1, has an external house 3 Cf r ed as a cylinder) with the fasten a- e 10 in the closed end and an inner piston 2 with a fasten case 11. The house 8 and the piston 2 are both generally formed as pipes and have integrated good known absorbing elements like springs and tightening syss ems for shock absorber media which are not shown.

Connected to or outside the shock absorber 1 it is placed a pump 3 with a house 13 and a piston 14. These parts can be fastened to each of the parts of the shock absorber with clamping brackets 15, 16 as shown. Another way is to draw the pump away from the shock absorber 1 without they been fastened to each other. In the example where the execution in accordance to the invention is meant for pneumatic operations, the piston 14 is formed as a pipe. In the end of the piston it is installed a valve 17 for air and a one way valve which lets air in when it is low pressure in the pump 9. An alternative way of forming the piston 14 on , is to tighten the valve 17 there, this gives better compression in the pump. From the end of the house 13 it is led a preferably flexible pipe 20 with an one way val e 28 which lets com¬ pressed air into the upper part of the shock absorber S

from the pump 9. When the absorber 1 moves like it is supposed while driving on a uneven foundation or road, the pump will get air from the suction valve. When the pump expands, something which happens in the same time as the shock absorber itself 1 are pushed together. The pump 9 strengthen the shock absorbers expansion movement by using the pressure which was made when the ©hock absorber got pressed together. If the shock absorber is placed between two parts of the vehicle which can b© moved mutual in the vertical direction, this parts will get further apart from each other. This means in practice that the main part of the vehicles raised in respect to the ground. The shock absorber do not necessarily has to be installed vertically. The lifting cylinder in the shock absorber does not has compression stroke at the same time as the pumping cylin¬ der. This will result in that pressure will be built up in the pump when the wheels of the vehicle moves down wards, or with other words on the lowest level of the lifting cylinder. The compression power that is available for the um θ are after this restricted to the power spring (in¬ clusive the air pressure.") which works downwards on the shock absorber 1. To take an ordinary small car as an example, there is available a spring power of 200 - 250 kg per wheel. In the practical execution of the shock absorber there have to be built in enough stages in the pump to give enough pressure to lift the main cylinder (or .1/4 of the weight of the car). A multi-stage pump should be used where the stages or pump chambers have the same stroke length as the lifting cylinder. To regulate the level which the shock absorbers lifts the vehicle to, it is in the eκέim le made an outlet IB which is opened by e? piston 2 at a particular expansion. Through this opening pressurised air form inside the shock absorber wi l ventilated and take away the lifting action when a given l<?vel is reached.

G

The example in Fig. 4 is simplified to make the ex¬ planation easier. In practice ths* pump 9 could fas inte¬ grated in the shock absorber itself as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 shows the execution of a shock absorber 1 in accordance to the invention, where a pump 9 is integrated in the absorber i itself.

The shock absorber is of a common type, with main body like cylinders 8, piston 2 on a piston rod 3. in a sur¬ rounding capsule there is placed a membrane pump with multi stages '_. , in the example with 5 chambers 22. An one way valve 25 is placed against the surrounding capsule and a one way valve 17 on the outside against the surroundings. These are placed in such a way that air can come in through the valve 17 with lew pressure in the pump, e.a. when it is pulled down by the movement of the housing S (this happens when the shock absorber expands). Air is blown into the chamber through the valve 25, in a similar way as shown in Fig. 3. Between each of the chambers 22 in the membrane pump 9 there a e placed one way valves 234, a valve for regul ing of levels IS is placed to let out air with to much expansion of the shock absorber 1.

In Fig. 5 it is shown an enlarged detail 21 from Fig. 4 The piston rod 3 is shown, to the housing there are fitted a rod 24 with an cut in notch near the upper end. On the membrane pump '_. there is put in a spring loaded tap con¬ structed to fit into the notch on the rod 24. When the cylinder housing 8 is being moved from the membrane pump 9, it is pulled downwards and because it is fastened at the upper part, pressure will be built up. This pressure is used to expand the shock absorber 1 and by this rise the vehicle. If the absorber is compressed too much, the tap 26 will get into the? notch on the rod 24.

Energy transformers of this type will get a -surplus energy, which can be used to load electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic accumulators a d other energy stores. Pressurised air for instances can be used to level the vehicle as shown in Fiq. 4 and 5.

Another important use of the pressurized air is for operation of pneumatic brake systems. Vehicles with a "vibration compressor" on each wheel will have an essen¬ tially better security then a simple motor driven com- pressor system together with a pressure tank which are used with heavier vehicles to day.

Hydraulic and pneumatic energy which -are gained on this can also be used for operating different servos and utility systems on the vehicle, Combustion engines a d other driving devices, process machines and similar ofteen run unevenly which cύves vibra¬ tions and simultaneously lost of energy. This energy can be used by forming the engine- and equipment clamping devices such that they are the energy transjformers. Different executions can be imagined. Among others it is possible to fasten the machine quiet loosely, and dampen the movements and vibrations with energy absorbing shock absorbers as written b fore.

Another possibility is to form the foundations or la- mps with elastic pillows, preferably rubber blisters that a*re filled with air or l quid and a on© way valve system. Devices like this also makes it possible to adjust the stiffness of the clamps.

Fig, 6 shows a clamping element 35 like the one de- scribed used to fix a bew&ts engine 30 into a boat 31, in a hollow in the floor. On the engine 30 there is fiκed shoulders 34, that rests on the clamping elements 35, which again is fixed against the f unda ions 33.

Fig. 7 shows a detailed layout of the cl mping element 35 from Fig. 6.. Here the? ene g transformer 9 according to the invention is formed as the clamping elerne?nt 3Ξ includes Ά rubber pillow 37, filled with a medium that under low pressure in the pillow flows in through the intake tube 38, through the one way valve 39. It assumed that the parts of *the pillow that is placed against the engine shoulders 34 a d respectively the foundation 33, is fixed to these in such a way that low pressure is formed when the engine is

declining a way from the machine shoe. When the engine is declining the other way, against the machine shoe, high pressure is formed in the rubber pillow, with the result that the medium is flowing out" thΥough t e tube 40 through a one way valve 41, and to a pressure transforming element 42. The element 43 is trans orming the pressure to usable energy in a commonly know way. The amount of dampening and energy transforming can be regulated by means of the regul¬ ating valve 42.

The hydraulic energy that are formed in the energy O transformer 9 at the engine clamps, especially when running idling and reversing, can be stored on a pnejumatical hyd¬ raulic accumulator and used for instance to start the engine. A similar possibility is given for lawn mowers and other garden equipment that uses combustion engines. 5 It is also possible to use the energy which is lib¬ erated when an object are being moved from a high to a lower position. A good example of this is a hydraulic excavator. The arm of the excavator is lowered by the oil that is guided in to both sides of a duplex working eylin- 0 der, but very often also by the oil being choked through a valve and down to a low pressure tank. This continuously absorption of new energy very often rise problems with over heating tht? hydraulic system and cavitation of the pressure pump. 5 To solve the problem and use the energy when the ex¬ cavator or the fork lift are lowered whit cargo on one can replace the draining part of the regulating valves with turbines which again can drive different forms of energy transformers for instance as shown in the figures 2 - 7. 0